Editing Jupiter (god) (section)

==== Archaic Triad ====
{{Main|Archaic Triad}}
The Archaic Triad is a hypothetical theological structure (or system) consisting of the gods Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus. It was first described by Wissowa,<ref>{{harvp|Wissowa|1912|pages=23, 133–134}}</ref> and the concept was developed further by Dumézil.{{sfnp|Dumézil|1941–1948}}{{sfnp|Dumézil|1970|pp=137–165}} The three-function hypothesis of [[Proto-Indo-European religion|Indo-European society]] advanced by Dumézil holds that in prehistory, society was divided into three classes:
{| class=wikitable
|+ [[Georges Dumézil|Dumézil]]'s [[trifunctional hypothesis]] as applied to Roman religion
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
! Function !! Subfunction !! Description !! Example Roman god
|-
! rowspan="3;" style="vertical-align:center;" | 1 !!
| style="vertical-align:top;" | sovereignty
| style="vertical-align:top;" | Jupiter{{sfnp|Dumézil|1970|pp=172, 175}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! 1 (a)
| judicial || Jupiter / [[Fides (deity)|Fides]] / [[Dius Fidius]]{{sfnp|Dumézil|1948}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! 1 (b)
| religious || [[Veiovis]], [[Janus]];{{sfnp|Dumézil|1948}} [[Fortuna]]
|-
! rowspan="3;" style="vertical-align:center;" | 2 !!
| style="vertical-align:top;" | warriors
| style="vertical-align:top;" | [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! 2 (a)
| protection || [[Minerva]] ([[Pallas Athena]]), [[Castor and Pollux]], [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]], [[Roma (mythology)|Roma]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! 2 (b)
| raids and conquest || [[Bellona (goddess)|Bellona]], [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]],
|-
! rowspan="6;" style="vertical-align:center;" | 3 !!
| style="vertical-align:top;" | production of wealth
| style="vertical-align:top;" | [[Quirinus]], [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturnus]], [[Ops]], [[Penates]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! 3 (a)
| style="vertical-align:top;" | crop farming
| style="vertical-align:top;" | [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturnus]], [[Dīs Pater]], [[Ceres (mythology)|Ceres]], [[Tellus Mater|Tellus]], [[Quirinus]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! 3 (b)
| animal husbandry || [[Castor and Pollux]], [[Juno (mythology)|Juno]], [[Faunus]], [[Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]], [[Hercules]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! 3 (c)
| commerce || [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]]; [[Feronia (mythology)|Feronia]], [[Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]], [[Portunus]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! 3 (d)
| manual crafts || [[Vulcanus]], [[Minerva]] ([[Athena]] [[wikt:polytechnic|Polytechnea]])
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! 3 (e)
| human fertility || [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]], [[Juno (mythology)|Juno]], [[Quirinus]], [[Mater Matuta]], [[Minerva]], [[Bona Dea]] (late add.)
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| colspan="4;" | '''{{sc|Table notes}}''':
* {{small| It is unclear whether [[Minerva]] was a war goddess and / or a craftswoman before her identity was merged with [[Athena]]. }}
* {{small| The list omits most minor deities (e.g. [[Attis]], [[Cupid]], [[Deimos (mythology)|Deimos]], [[Flora (mythology)|Flora]], [[Liber]], [[Phobos (mythology)|Phobos]], [[Pomona (mythology)|Pomona]])<br/> whom the Romans considered agents of higher-ranking gods. }}
* {{small| Several nature gods, such as [[Aurora]], [[Dianna]], [[Feronia (mythology)|Feronia]], [[Luna (goddess)|Luna]], [[Silvanus (mythology)|Silvanus]], [[Sol (Roman mythology)|Sol]], only fit into the system via contrivance<br/> (e.g. [[Feronia (mythology)|Feronia]] as an agricultural god). }}
|}
At least for the three main functions, people in each station in life had their religious counterparts the divine figures of the sovereign god, the warrior god, and the industrius god; there were almost always two separate gods for class&nbsp;1, and sometimes more than one for class&nbsp;3. Over time gods or, groups of gods might be consolidated or split, and it is unclear that there were ever any strict separations of all function.

The sovereign function&nbsp;(1) embodied in Jupiter entailed omnipotence; thence, a domain extended over every aspect of nature and life.{{efn|The colour relating to the sovereign function is white. The war function color is red, and the production / farming function color is black.{{sfnp|Dumézil|1941–1948}}{{sfnp|Dumézil|1948}}{{sfnp|Dumézil|1970|p={{pn|date=September 2023}}}}}}

The three functions are interrelated with one another, overlapping to some extent; the sovereign function, although including a part that is essentially religious in nature, is involved in many ways in areas pertaining to the other two. Therefore, Jupiter is the "magic player" in the founding of the Roman state and the fields of war, agricultural plenty, human fertility, and wealth.{{sfnp|Dumézil|1970|pp=172, 175}}

This hypothesis has not found widespread support among scholars.