Editing Joseph Stalin (section)

===Relationships and family===
[[File:Joseph Stalin with daughter Svetlana, 1935.jpg|thumb|Stalin carrying his daughter [[Svetlana Alliluyeva|Svetlana]] in 1935|left]]
Stalin married his first wife, [[Ekaterina Svanidze]], in 1906. Volkogonov suggested that she was "probably the one human being he had really loved".{{Sfn|Volkogonov|1991|p=4}} When she died, Stalin allegedly said: "This creature softened my heart of stone. She died and with her died my last warm feelings for humanity."{{Sfn|Montefiore|2007|p=202}} They had a son, [[Yakov Dzhugashvili|Yakov]], who frequently frustrated and annoyed Stalin.{{Sfnm|1a1=Volkogonov|1y=1991|1p=149|2a1=Service|2y=2004|2p=64|3a1=Montefiore|3y=2007|3p=167|4a1=Khlevniuk|4y=2015|4p=25}} After Yakov was captured by the German Army during World War II, Stalin refused to agree to a prisoner exchange between him and German field marshal [[Friedrich Paulus]], and Yakov died at a Nazi concentration camp in 1943.{{Sfnm|1a1=Volkogonov|1y=1991|1pp=150–151|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2007|2p=364}}

In exile in [[Solvychegodsk]] in 1910, Stalin had an affair with his landlady, Maria Kuzakova, who in 1911 gave birth to his alleged second son, [[Konstantin Kuzakov]],{{sfnm|1a1=Service|1y=2004|1p=79|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2007|2pp=227, 229, 230–231|3a1=Kotkin|3y=2014|3p=121}} who later taught philosophy at the [[Baltic State Technical University|Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute]], but never met Stalin.{{Sfn|Montefiore|2007|pp=365–366}} In 1914 in [[Kureika (village)|Kureika]], Stalin, aged 35, had a relationship with Lidia Pereprygina, aged 14 (considered a minor at the time), who allegedly became pregnant with Stalin's child.{{Sfnm|1a1=Suny|1y=2020|1p=559|2a1=Khlevniuk|2y=2015|2p=30}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Гамов |first=Александр |date=8 November 2018 |title=Stalin promised the gendarmes that he would marry his 14-year-old mistress as soon as she became an adult |url=https://www.kp.ru/daily/26905.4/3949946/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713032535/https://www.kp.ru/daily/26905.4/3949946/ |archive-date=13 July 2023 |access-date=21 May 2023 |work=Kp.ru -}}</ref> In December 1914, Pereprygina gave birth to the child, although the infant died soon after.{{Sfn|Montefiore|2007|pp=292–293}} In 1916, Pereprygina was pregnant again. She gave birth to their alleged son, [[Alexander Davydov (soldier)|Alexander Davydov]], in around April 1917. He was raised as the son of a peasant fisherman;{{Sfn|Montefiore|2007|p=366}} Stalin later came to know of the child's existence but showed no interest in him.{{Sfn|Montefiore|2007|pp=298, 300}}

Stalin's second wife was [[Nadezhda Alliluyeva]], whom he married in 1919; theirs was not an easy relationship, they often fought.{{Sfn|Montefiore|2003|p=8}} They had two biological children—a son, [[Vasily Dzhugashvili|Vasily]], and daughter, [[Svetlana Alliluyeva|Svetlana]]—and adopted another son, [[Artyom Sergeev]], in 1921.{{Sfn|Montefiore|2003|p=9}} It is unclear if Stalin had a mistress during or after this marriage.{{Sfnm|1a1=Montefiore|1y=2003|1p=13|2a1=Khlevniuk|2y=2015|2p=255}} She suspected he was unfaithful,{{Sfn|Montefiore|2003|p=12}} and committed suicide in 1932.{{Sfnm|1a1=Volkogonov|1y=1991|1p=154|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2003|2p=16|3a1=Khlevniuk|3y=2015|3p=255}} Stalin regarded Vasily as spoilt and often chastised his behaviour; as Stalin's son, he was swiftly promoted through the Red Army and allowed a lavish lifestyle.{{Sfn|Khlevniuk|2015|pp=257, 259–260}} Conversely, Stalin had an affectionate relationship with Svetlana during her childhood,{{Sfnm|1a1=Conquest|1y=1991|1p=215|2a1=Volkogonov|2y=1991|2p=153|3a1=Montefiore|3y=2003|3pp=9, 227|4a1=Khlevniuk|4y=2015|4p=256}} and was very fond of Artyom.{{Sfn|Montefiore|2003|p=9}} He disapproved of Svetlana's suitors and husbands, which put strain on their relationship.{{Sfnm|1a1=Conquest|1y=1991|1p=260|2a1=Service|2y=2004|2p=521}} After World War II, he made little time for his children, and his family played a diminishing role in his life.{{Sfn|Khlevniuk|2015|pp=250, 259}} After Stalin's death, Svetlana changed her surname to Alliluyeva,{{Sfn|Service|2004|p=593}} and defected to the U.S.{{Sfn|Khlevniuk|2015|p=260}}