Editing Italy (section)

=== Architecture ===
{{Main|Italian architecture}}
[[File:Reggia di Caserta - panoramio - Carlo Pelagalli (2).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Royal Palace of Caserta]] is the largest former royal residence in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chronopoulou |first=Angeliki |date=23 January 2024 |title=Reggia Di Caserta Historical Overview |url=https://www.academia.edu/44592878 |access-date=January 23, 2024 |website=Academia |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qTdlAQAAQBAJ|title=Dictionnaire amoureux de Versailles|first=Franck|last=FERRAND|date=October 24, 2013|publisher=Place des éditeurs|isbn=9782259222679 |via=Google Books}}</ref>]]

Italy is known for its architectural achievements,<ref>[http://www.justitaly.org/italy/italy-architecture.asp Architecture in Italy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115053940/http://www.justitaly.org/italy/italy-architecture.asp|date=15 January 2012}}, ItalyTravel.com</ref> such as the construction of arches, domes, and similar structures by ancient Rome, the founding of the [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance architectural movement]] in the late 14th to 16th centuries, and as the home of [[Palladianism]], a style that inspired movements such as [[Neoclassical architecture]] and influenced designs of country houses all over the world, notably in the UK and US during the late 17th to early 20th centuries.

The first to begin a recognised sequence of designs were the Greeks and the Etruscans, progressing to classical Roman,<ref>Sear, Frank. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Rkdt_p6uvw0C&pg=PA10 ''Roman architecture.''] Cornell University Press, 1983. p. 10. Web. 23 September 2011.</ref> then the revival of the classical Roman era during the Renaissance, and evolving into the Baroque era. The Christian concept of the basilica, a style that came to dominate in the Middle Ages, was invented in Rome.<ref>[http://www.justitaly.org/italy/architecture/christian-byzanthine.asp Italy Architecture: Early Christian and Byzanthine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328131150/http://www.justitaly.org/italy/architecture/christian-byzanthine.asp|date=28 March 2013}}, ItalyTravel.com</ref> [[Romanesque architecture]], which flourished from approximately 800 to 1100 AD, was one of the most fruitful and creative periods in Italian architecture, when masterpieces, such as the Leaning Tower of Pisa and the [[Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio]] in Milan, were built. It was known for its usage of Roman arches, stained glass windows, and curved columns. The main innovation of Italian Romanesque architecture was the vault, which had never been seen in Western architecture.<ref>[http://www.justitaly.org/italy/architecture/romanesque.asp Italy Architecture: Romanesque] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328120342/http://www.justitaly.org/italy/architecture/romanesque.asp|date=28 March 2013}}, ItalyTravel.com</ref>

Italian architecture significantly evolved during the Renaissance. [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] contributed to architectural design with his dome for the Cathedral of Florence, a feat of engineering not seen since antiquity.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Campbell|first1=Stephen J|title=Italian Renaissance Art|last2=Cole|first2=Michael Wayne|publisher=Thames & Hudson Inc|year=2012|location=New York|pages=95–97}}</ref> A popular achievement of Italian Renaissance architecture was [[St. Peter's Basilica]], designed by [[Donato Bramante]] in the early 16th century. Andrea Palladio influenced architects throughout Western Europe with the villas and palaces he designed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/712|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>

The [[Baroque architecture|Baroque period]] produced outstanding Italian architects. The most original work of late Baroque and Rococo architecture is the [[Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi]].<ref>R. De Fusco, ''A thousand years of architecture in Europe'', pg. 443.</ref> In 1752, [[Luigi Vanvitelli]] began the construction of the [[Royal Palace of Caserta]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hersey|first=George|title=Architecture and Geometry in the Age of the Baroque|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2001|isbn=0-2263-2784-1|location=Chicago|page=119}}</ref> In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Italy was influenced by the [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical architectural]] movement. Villas, palaces, gardens, interiors, and art began again to be based on ancient Roman and Greek themes.<ref>[http://www.justitaly.org/italy/architecture/neoclassicism.asp Italy Architecture: Neoclassicism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328084932/http://www.justitaly.org/italy/architecture/neoclassicism.asp|date=28 March 2013}}, ItalyTravel.com</ref>

During the Fascist period, the supposedly "[[Novecento movement]]" flourished, based on the rediscovery of imperial Rome. [[Marcello Piacentini]], responsible for the urban transformations of cities, devised a form of simplified Neoclassicism.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Renzo Piano|url=https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/renzo-piano|access-date=20 August 2017|work=The New York Times}}</ref>