Editing History of Cuba (section)

===Political institutionalization===
{{Main|Institutionalization process|Grey years}}
{{Further|Sovietization of Cuba}}
[[File:F0026167.jpg|thumb|265px|Fidel Castro at the first congress of the Communist Party of Cuba.]]
By the 1970s, the standard of living in Cuba was "extremely spartan" and discontent was rife.<ref name="Bethell-Latin America">{{Cite book|title=The Cambridge History of Latin America|author=Leslie Bethell}}</ref> Castro changed economic policies in the first half of the 1970s.<ref name="Bethell-Latin America"/> In the 1970s unemployment reappeared as problem. The solution was to criminalize unemployment with 1971 Anti-Loafing Law; the unemployed would be jailed.<ref name="Lewis"/>{{Rp|[https://books.google.com/books?id%3DLAvw-YXm4TsC&pg%3DPA194 194]}}

After 1971, Cuba entered its "grey years:, which are a loosely defined period in [[Cuba]]n history, generally agreed to have started with the [[Heberto Padilla#Imprisonment|Padilla affair]] in 1971.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Artaraz|first=Kepa|date=2017|title=Constructing Identities in a Contested Setting: Cuba's Intellectual Elite during and after the Revolution.|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26382600|journal=Oral History|volume=45|issue=2|pages=50–59|jstor=26382600}}</ref> The "grey years" are often associated with the tenure of [[Luis Pavón Tamayo]] ([[:de:Luis Pavón|de]]) as the head of Cuba's National Cultural Council ("''Consejo Nacional de Cuba''", or CNC) from 1971 to 1976.<ref name="Gray Years">{{Cite journal|last=Weppler-Grogan|first=Doreen|date=2010|title=Cultural Policy, the Visual Arts, and the Advance of the Cuban Revolution in the Aftermath of the Gray Years.|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24487232|journal=Cuban Studies|volume=41|pages=143–165|doi=10.1353/cub.2010.a413143 |jstor=24487232}}</ref> The grey years were generally defined by cultural censorship,<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last=Bustamante |first=Michael J.|date=2019|title=Cultural Politics and Political Cultures of the Cuban Revolution: New Directions in Scholarship|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26614333|journal=Cuban Studies|issue=47|pages=3–18|doi=|jstor=26614333|issn=0361-4441}}</ref> harassment of intellectuals and artists,<ref name="Gray Years" /> and the ostracization of members of the LGBT+ community.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Randall|first=Margaret|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9780813546452|title=To Change the World|date=2009|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-4645-2|page=174|doi=10.36019/9780813546452}}</ref> Greater monetary influence from the [[Soviet Union]] during this time period pressured Cuba into adopting a model of cultural repression that was reflected in Cuba's domestic policy throughout the 1970s.<ref name="Gray Years" />

A period of institutionalization was kickstarted by the first official congress of the [[Communist Party of Cuba]] in December 1975. The meeting approved the development of a "System of Direction for Economic Planning" (SDPE), which was modeled on soviet economic planning and prioritized profit making. The implementation of the SDPE took ten years.<ref>{{cite book |last=Louis Horowitz |first=Irving |author-link= |date=1995 |title=Cuban Communism/8th Editi |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cuban_Communism_8th_Editi/yNemVdadVxcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=institutionalization+of+the+revolution+cuba+1976+1985&pg=PA293&printsec=frontcover |location= |publisher=Transaction Publishers |page=293 |isbn=9781412820899}}</ref> In 1976, a new constitution was also approved. The constitution was modeled off the Soviet system, and introduced the [[National Assembly of People's Power]] as the institution of indirect representation in government.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kapcia |first=Antoni |author-link= |date=2008 |title=Cuba in Revolution A History Since the Fifties |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cuba_in_Revolution/gebxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=institutionalization+of+the+revolution+cuba+1976+1985&pg=PA1935&printsec=frontcover |location= |publisher=Reaktion Books |page=1935 |isbn=9781861894489}}</ref>