Editing Glucose (section)

====Other sensory methods====
There are a variety of other chemical sensors for measuring glucose.<ref name="Borisov">{{Cite journal |doi=10.1021/cr068105t |pmid=18229952 |year=2008 |last1=Borisov |first1=S. M. |title=Optical biosensors |journal=Chemical Reviews |volume=108 |issue=2 |pages=423–461 |last2=Wolfbeis |first2=O. S.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1177/193229681100500507 |pmc=3208862 |pmid=22027299 |year=2011 |last1=Ferri |first1=S. |title=Review of glucose oxidases and glucose dehydrogenases: A bird's eye view of glucose sensing enzymes |journal=Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=1068–76 |last2=Kojima |first2=K. |last3=Sode |first3=K. }}</ref> Given the importance of glucose analysis in the life sciences, numerous optical probes have also been developed for saccharides based on the use of boronic acids,<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1007/s00604-008-0947-8 |title=Boronic acid based probes for microdetermination of saccharides and glycosylated biomolecules |journal=Microchimica Acta |volume=162 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–34 |year=2008 |last1=Mader |first1=Heike S. |last2=Wolfbeis |first2=Otto S. |s2cid=96768832 }}</ref> which are particularly useful for intracellular sensory applications where other (optical) methods are not or only conditionally usable. In addition to the organic boronic acid derivatives, which often bind highly specifically to the 1,2-diol groups of sugars, there are also other probe concepts classified by functional mechanisms which use selective glucose-binding proteins (e.g. concanavalin A) as a receptor. Furthermore, methods were developed which indirectly detect the glucose concentration via the concentration of metabolized products, e.g. by the consumption of oxygen using fluorescence-optical sensors.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00073-1 |pmid=10826645 |title=Sol–gel based glucose biosensors employing optical oxygen transducers, and a method for compensating for variable oxygen background |journal=Biosensors and Bioelectronics |volume=15 |issue=1–2 |pages=69–76 |year=2000 |last1=Wolfbeis |first1=Otto S. |last2=Oehme |first2=Ines |last3=Papkovskaya |first3=Natalya |last4=Klimant |first4=Ingo}}</ref> Finally, there are enzyme-based concepts that use the intrinsic absorbance or fluorescence of (fluorescence-labeled) enzymes as reporters.<ref name="Borisov" />