Editing Fort Wayne, Indiana (section)

==Infrastructure==

===Transportation===
[[File:A-10C Warthog remains the star of close air support 150813-F-GK926-003.jpg|thumb|An [[A-10 Warthog]] after completing a training mission at the [[Fort Wayne Air National Guard Base]]]]
Fort Wayne includes two municipal airports, both managed by the Fort Wayne–Allen County Airport Authority. [[Fort Wayne International Airport]] (FWA) is the city's primary commercial airport, with five airlines offering direct service to 13 domestic connections. The airport is Indiana's second busiest, with over 350,000 passenger enplanements in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/passenger/ |title=Passenger Boarding (Enplanement) and All-Cargo Data for U.S. Airports |publisher=[[Federal Aviation Administration]] |access-date=March 29, 2017}}</ref> Fort Wayne International is also home to the [[122nd Fighter Wing]]'s [[Fort Wayne Air National Guard Base]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.122fw.ang.af.mil/history/index.asp |publisher=122nd Fighter Wing |title=Home of the Blacksnakes |access-date=June 27, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100627063551/http://www.122fw.ang.af.mil/history/index.asp |archive-date=June 27, 2010}}</ref> [[Smith Field (Indiana)|Smith Field]], in northern Fort Wayne, is used primarily for [[general aviation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://smdairport.com/airport-history.aspx |publisher=Smith Field Airport |title=Airport History |access-date=December 27, 2012 |archive-date=March 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314211846/http://www.smdairport.com/airport-history.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Fort Wayne is served by a single Interstate, ([[Interstate 69 in Indiana|Interstate 69]]), along with an auxiliary beltway ([[Interstate 469]]). Once the [[Indiana State Road 37|State Road 37]] expressway between [[Bloomington, Indiana|Bloomington]] and [[Martinsville, Indiana|Martinsville]] is completed in 2018{{update inline|date=May 2024}}, filling a gap in I-69 that exists south of [[Indianapolis]], the road will run south to [[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]]; it currently runs north to the [[Canada–United States border]] at [[Port Huron, Michigan]]. In the coming years, [[Interstate 69|I-69]] will extend to the [[Mexico–United States border|US–Mexico border]] in Texas, with branches ending in [[Laredo, Texas|Laredo]], [[Pharr, Texas|Pharr]], and [[Brownsville, Texas|Brownsville]]. Four [[United States Numbered Highways|U.S. Routes]] bisect the city, including [[U.S. Route 24 in Indiana|US&nbsp;24]], [[U.S. Route 27 in Indiana|US&nbsp;27]], [[U.S. Route 30 in Indiana|US&nbsp;30]], and [[U.S. Route 33 in Indiana|US&nbsp;33]].

[[File:Anoverpassinfortwayne.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nickel Plate Road]] viaduct in downtown Fort Wayne]]

Five [[Indiana State Roads]] also meet in the city, including [[Indiana State Road 1|State Road 1]], [[Indiana State Road 3|State Road 3]], [[Indiana State Road 14|State Road 14]], [[Indiana State Road 37|State Road 37]], and [[Indiana State Road 930|State Road 930]]. [[Airport Expressway (Fort Wayne)|Airport Expressway]], a four-lane divided highway, links Fort Wayne International Airport directly to I-69.<ref>{{cite news |date=July 7, 2000 |title=Commissioners OK extra money for road extension |work=The Journal Gazette}}</ref> About 85 percent of residents commute alone by personal vehicle, while another eight percent carpool.<ref name="Commute">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |title=U.S. Census website |access-date=August 23, 2014}}</ref>

Unlike most cities comparable to its size, Fort Wayne does not have an urban [[Controlled-access highway|freeway]] system. In 1946, planners proposed a $27 million federally funded freeway, crossing east–west and north–south through downtown.{{Sfn|Beatty|2006|p = 190}} Opponents successfully campaigned against the proposal, objecting to the demolition of nearly 1,500 homes at the time of the post-World War II housing shortage, while playing on fears that the project would force displaced minorities into white neighborhoods.{{Sfn|Beatty|2006|p = 108}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Kevin |last=Leininger |date=December 3, 2011 |url=http://www.news-sentinel.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20111203/NEWS/111209914 |title=Fort Wayne: Fat, stupid... and melancholy? |work=The News-Sentinel |access-date=February 5, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207184655/http://www.news-sentinel.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20111203%2FNEWS%2F111209914 |archive-date=December 7, 2011}}</ref> In 1947, Fort Wayne residents voted down the referendum that would have allowed for its construction, dubbed the 'Anthony Wayne Parkway.'<ref name="Interstate" /> Beginning in 1962, construction commenced for I-69 in suburban Fort Wayne.{{Sfn|Beatty|2006|p = 117}}{{Sfn|Beatty|2006|p = 119}}

The I-469 beltway around the southern and eastern fringes of Fort Wayne and New Haven was constructed between 1988 and 1995 as the largest public works project in Allen County history, at $207 million.<ref name="Interstate">{{cite news |first=Benjamin |last=Lanka |date=May 1, 2015 |url=http://www.indianaeconomicdigest.com/main.asp?SectionID=31&subsectionID=66&articleID=42138 |title=Bypassing the bypass |work=The Journal Gazette |access-date=August 8, 2012 |archive-date=July 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722093150/http://www.indianaeconomicdigest.com/main.asp?SectionID=31&subsectionID=66&articleID=42138 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Penn Station Ft W IN 1.jpg|thumb|[[Pennsylvania Railroad Station (Fort Wayne, Indiana)|Pennsylvania Railroad Station]] has stood as a landmark to the city's railroad heritage since 1914.]]
Amtrak's ''[[Capitol Limited (Amtrak train)|Capitol Limited]]'' (Chicago—Toledo—Cleveland—Pittsburgh—Washington, D.C.) and Amtrak's ''[[Lake Shore Limited]]'' (Chicago—Toledo—Cleveland—Buffalo—Albany—split to Boston and to New York City) are the closest passenger rail services to Fort Wayne, located {{convert|25|mi|km}} north at [[Waterloo (Amtrak station)|Waterloo Station]]. Service by Amtrak ended in 1990 when the ''Broadway Limited'' was rerouted away from Fort Wayne's [[Pennsylvania Railroad Station (Fort Wayne, Indiana)|Pennsylvania Station]]. Until 1961 the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] operated the north–south ''[[Northern Arrow]]'' through the station. Other stations in Fort Wayne served the passenger trains of the [[Chicago, Indianapolis, and Louisville Railway]] ('Monon Railroad') and the [[Wabash Railroad]] (hosting the east–west ''[[Wabash Cannon Ball (train)|Wabash Cannon Ball]]).''<ref>'Official Guide of the Railways,' June 1961, Index of Railroad Stations</ref><ref>Wabash Railroad, 1959 timetable, Table 11 http://streamlinermemories.info/Eastern/Wabash59TT.pdf</ref>

There has been a movement to bring direct passenger rail service back in the form of Amtrak or [[high-speed rail]] service.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bob |last=Caylor |date=April 4, 2009 |url=http://www.news-sentinel.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090404/NEWS/904040330/0/FRONTPAGE |title=Rally for Fort Wayne train service draws hundreds |work=The News-Sentinel |access-date=November 22, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418043041/http://www.news-sentinel.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090404%2FNEWS%2F904040330%2F0%2FFRONTPAGE |archive-date=April 18, 2009}}</ref> In 2013, a [[feasibility study]] was published outlining the impacts of a proposed Columbus—Fort Wayne—Chicago high-speed rail corridor. At {{convert|300|mi|km}}, the route would cost $1.29 billion and generate some $7.1 billion in economic benefits to the region.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Northern Indiana/Ohio Passenger Rail Corridor Feasibility Study and Business Plan Executive Summary |publisher=Transportation Economic and Management Systems, Inc. |date=January 2013 |url=http://niprarail.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Executive-Summary-for-Press-Release_62813_Final.pdf |access-date=May 31, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218204257/http://niprarail.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Executive-Summary-for-Press-Release_62813_Final.pdf |archive-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> Freight service is provided by a [[class I railroad]] ([[Norfolk Southern]]) and two [[class III railroad]]s.<ref name="Railroads">{{cite web |url=http://www.greaterfortwayneinc.com/community-info/rail-system |publisher=Greater Fort Wayne, Inc. |title=Rail System |access-date=December 8, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212155658/http://www.greaterfortwayneinc.com/community-info/rail-system |archive-date=December 12, 2013}}</ref> Fort Wayne is headquarters and main operations hub of Norfolk Southern's Triple Crown Services subsidiary, the largest [[truckload shipping|truckload shipper]] in the U.S.<ref name="Railroads"/>

[[Fort Wayne Citilink|Citilink]] operates and manages the city's [[public transport bus service|public bus system]], including [[paratransit]] and fixed-route service in the cities of Fort Wayne and New Haven via downtown's Central Station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fwcitilink.com/pdfs/route.map.routes.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522143954/http://www.fwcitilink.com/pdfs/route.map.routes.pdf |archive-date=May 22, 2005 |url-status=live |publisher=Fort Wayne Public Transportation Corporation |title=Citilink service routes map |access-date=February 6, 2009}}</ref> CampusLink debuted in 2009 as a free shuttle service for students, faculty, and general public traveling between [[Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana|Ivy Tech]]'s Coliseum and North campuses, [[Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne|IPFW]] and its student housing on the Waterfield Campus, and shopping and residential areas.<ref name="CampusLink">{{cite news |first=Kevin |last=Leininger |date=April 25, 2009 |url=http://fortwayne.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/SE/20090425/NEWS/904250317 |title=Free bus service to link 2 campuses to dorms, city |work=The News-Sentinel |access-date=April 25, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711020825/http://fortwayne.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2FSE%2F20090425%2FNEWS%2F904250317 |archive-date=July 11, 2011}}</ref> MedLink debuted in 2013, connecting Parkview Regional Medical Center with [[Parkview Health]]'s Randallia campus.<ref>{{cite news |first=Vivian |last=Sade |date=December 15, 2012 |url=http://www.neindiana.com/vision/news-media/detail/vision-news/2012/12/15/parkview-subsidy-helps-transit-system-add-medlink |title=Parkview subsidy helps transit system add Medlink |work=The Journal Gazette |access-date=December 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722100606/http://www.neindiana.com/vision/news-media/detail/vision-news/2012/12/15/parkview-subsidy-helps-transit-system-add-medlink |archive-date=July 22, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Despite annual ridership of 2.2 million,<ref name="CampusLink"/> less than one percent of residents commute by public transportation.<ref name="Commute"/> Fort Wayne is served by two intercity bus providers: [[Greyhound Lines]] (Indianapolis—Toledo—Detroit) and [[Lakefront Lines]] (Chicago—Columbus—Akron).<ref>{{cite web |title=Lakefront Lines Scheduled Intercity Bus Service |url=https://webstore.lakefrontlines.com/ |access-date=July 29, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722124523/https://webstore.lakefrontlines.com/ |archive-date=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

In 2016, the city introduced its first [[bike-sharing]] program, including five stations and 25 bicycles.<ref>{{cite news |first=Dave |last=Gong |date=April 15, 2016 |url=http://www.journalgazette.net/news/local/Fort-Wayne-announces-bike-share-program-12581390 |title=Fort Wayne announces bike-share program |work=The Journal Gazette |access-date=April 17, 2016 |archive-date=April 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416094006/http://journalgazette.net/news/local/Fort-Wayne-announces-bike-share-program-12581390 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Healthcare===
Healthcare in the Fort Wayne area is primarily provided by two nonprofit healthcare systems headquartered in the city: [[Parkview Health]] and [[Lutheran Health Network]]. Notable hospitals include [[Dupont Hospital]], [[Lutheran Hospital of Indiana]], Parkview Hospital Randallia, and Parkview Regional Medical Center. Over 1,600 patient beds are available throughout the city's healthcare system.<ref name="healthcare">{{cite web |url=http://www.greaterfortwayneinc.com/economic-development/economic-drivers/healthcare/ |title=Healthcare |access-date=July 11, 2017 |publisher=Greater Fort Wayne Inc. |archive-date=November 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124154520/https://www.greaterfortwayneinc.com/economic-development/economic-drivers/healthcare/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{As of|2017}}, both healthcare systems were Fort Wayne's first and second largest employers, respectively, contributing to a total healthcare workforce in Allen County of 34,000.<ref name="healthcare"/> In 2018, [[Indiana University Health]] opened its first facility in the city with plans for future growth.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=IU Health to move into Fort Wayne |url=https://www.wane.com/news/local-news/iu-health-to-move-into-fort-wayne/ |date=October 26, 2017 |website=wane.com |publisher=WANE TV |access-date=April 25, 2024}}</ref> VA Northern Indiana Health Care System's Fort Wayne Campus provides medical services through the [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|Department of Veterans Affairs]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northernindiana.va.gov/ |title=Fort Wayne Campus |access-date=July 25, 2013 |publisher=U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs}}</ref>

===Utilities===
City Utilities is the largest municipally owned water utility in Indiana, supplying residents with {{convert|72|e6USgal|m3}} of water per day from the [[St. Joseph River (Maumee River)|St. Joseph River]] via the Three Rivers Water Filtration Plant.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cityoffortwayne.org/images/stories/Utilities/docs/resources/Three_River_Water_Filtration_Plant_2013_blue.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731173832/https://www.cityoffortwayne.org/images/stories/Utilities/docs/resources/Three_River_Water_Filtration_Plant_2013_blue.pdf |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |url-status=live |publisher=City of Fort Wayne |title=Three Rivers Filtration Plant |date=October 23, 2013 |access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref> Sanitary sewer treatment is also managed by City Utilities. The city of Fort Wayne offers full curbside recycling and solid waste collection services for residents, currently contracted through [[GFL Environmental]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Rex |title=Saturday marks 1 year since GFL took over trash and recycling pickups in Fort Wayne |url=https://www.wane.com/news/local-news/saturday-marks-1-year-since-gfl-took-over-trash-and-recycling-pickups-in-fort-wayne/ |website=wane.com |publisher=WANE TV |access-date=December 10, 2023}}</ref> Electricity is provided by Indiana Michigan Power, a subsidiary of [[American Electric Power]], while natural gas is supplied by Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO), a subsidiary of [[NiSource]]. All [[tier 1 network]]s and several additional telecommunication service providers cover the Fort Wayne rate area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greaterfortwayneinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/2016CommunityProfile.pdf |publisher=Greater Fort Wayne Inc. |title=2016 Community Profile |access-date=July 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623043857/http://www.greaterfortwayneinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/2016CommunityProfile.pdf |archive-date=June 23, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>