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====Findings and economic effects of unpaid work==== In 2011, a wide-ranging study was conducted to determine the amount of unpaid household work engaged in by residents of different countries. This study, incorporating the results of time-use surveys from 26 [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] countries, found that, in each country, the average hours spent per day on unpaid household work was between about 2 to 4 hours per day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Incorporating Estimates of Household Production of Non-Market Services Into International Comparisons of Material Well-Being|url=http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=std/doc(2011)7&doclanguage=en}}</ref> As domestic work is widely seen as "women's work", the majority of it is performed by women, even for women who also participate in the labor force. One study found that, when adding the time spent on unpaid household work to the time spent engaging in paid work, married mothers accumulate 84 hours of work per week, compared to 79 hours per week for unmarried mothers, and 72 hours per week for all fathers, whether married or not.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sirianni|first1=Carmen|last2=Negrey|first2=Cynthia|title=Working Time as Gendered Time|journal=Feminist Economics|volume=6|pages=59β76|doi=10.1080/135457000337679|date=1 January 2000|s2cid=154879132|url=http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/39819 }}</ref> Efforts to calculate the true economic value of unpaid work, which is not included in measures such as [[gross domestic product]], have shown that this value is enormous. In the United States, it has been estimated to be between 20 and 50%, meaning that the true value of unpaid work is trillions of dollars per year. For other countries, the percentage of GDP may be even higher, such as the United Kingdom, where is may be as high as 70%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Incorporating Estimates of Household Production of Non-Market Services into International Comparisons of Material Well-Being|url=http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=std/doc(2011)7&doclanguage=en}}</ref> Because this unpaid work is largely done by women and is unreported in economic indicators, it results in these contributions by women being devalued in a society.
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