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==Corruption== {{Further|2015 FIFA corruption case}} In May 2006, British investigative reporter [[Andrew Jennings]]' book ''Foul! The Secret World of FIFA: Bribes, Vote-Rigging, and Ticket Scandals'' ([[HarperCollins]]) caused controversy within the football world by detailing an alleged international cash-for-contracts scandal following the collapse of FIFA's marketing partner [[International Sport and Leisure]] (ISL) and revealed how some football officials had been urged to secretly repay the sweeteners they received. The book also alleged that vote-rigging had occurred in the fight for [[Sepp Blatter]]'s continued control of FIFA as the organization's president. Shortly after the release of ''Foul!'' a [[BBC]] ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' exposé by Jennings and BBC producer Roger Corke, screened on 11 June 2006, reported that Blatter was being investigated by Swiss police over his role in a secret deal to repay more than £1m worth of [[bribery|bribes]] pocketed by football officials. [[David Triesman, Baron Triesman|Lord Triesman]], the former chairman of the English Football Association, described FIFA as an organization that "behaves like a [[mafia]] family," highlighting the organization's "decades-long traditions of bribes, bungs, and corruption".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-27801996 |title=BBC News Fifa 'like a mafia family' says former FA boss Triesman |date=11 June 2014 |access-date=3 October 2014 |website=BBC News |archive-date=2 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002141724/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-27801996 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.transparencyinsport.org/Did_Blatter's_Mob_friends_fix_2018_for_Russia/PDF-documents/(6)fifas-dirty-secrets-script.pdf|title=FIFA'S DIRTY SECRETS {{!}} BBC Panorama}}</ref> All testimonies offered in the ''Panorama'' exposé were provided through a disguised voice, appearance, or both, save one: [[Mel Brennan]], a former CONCACAF official, became the first high-level football insider to go public with substantial allegations of corruption, nonfeasance, and malfeasance by CONCACAF and FIFA leadership. Brennan—the highest-level African-American in the history of world football governance—joined Jennings, Trinidadian journalist Lisana Liburd, and many others in exposing allegedly inappropriate allocations of money by CONCACAF and drew connections between ostensible CONCACAF criminality and similar behaviours at FIFA. Since then, and in the light of fresh allegations of corruption by FIFA in late 2010,<ref>{{cite news |first=Martyn |last=Ziegler |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/fifa-corruption-pair-suspended-2137472.html |title=Fifa suspend six officials |date=18 November 2010 |work=The Independent |location=London |access-date=18 November 2010 |archive-date=23 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123085050/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/fifa-corruption-pair-suspended-2137472.html |url-status=live }}</ref> both Jennings and Brennan remain highly critical of FIFA. Brennan has called directly for an alternative to FIFA to be considered by the stakeholders of the sport worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p00bws9k/World_Football_20_11_2010/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308000808/http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p00bws9k/World_Football_20_11_2010/ |archive-date=8 March 2013 |title=BBC iPlayer – World Football: 20/11/2010 |publisher=BBC |date=20 November 2010 |access-date=9 July 2011}}</ref> In a further ''Panorama'' exposé broadcast on 29 November 2010, Jennings alleged that three senior FIFA officials, [[Nicolas Leoz]], [[Issa Hayatou]] and [[Ricardo Teixeira]], had been paid huge bribes by ISL between 1989 and 1999, which FIFA had failed to investigate. Jennings claimed they appeared on a list of 175 bribes paid by ISL, totalling about $100 million. A former ISL executive said there were suspicions within the company that they were only awarded the marketing contract for successive World Cups by paying bribes to FIFA officials. The program also alleged that another current official, [[Jack Warner (football executive)|Jack Warner]], has been repeatedly involved in reselling World Cup tickets to touts; Blatter said that FIFA had not investigated the allegation because it had not been told about it via 'official channels.' ''Panorama'' also alleged that FIFA requires nations bidding to host the World Cup to agree to implement special laws, including a blanket [[tax exemption]] for FIFA and its corporate sponsors and limitation of [[workers rights]]. Contrary to FIFA's demands, these conditions were revealed by the Dutch government, resulting in them being told by FIFA that their bid could be adversely affected. Following Jennings' earlier investigations, he was banned from all FIFA press conferences for reasons he claimed had not been made clear. The accused officials failed to answer questions about his latest allegations verbally or by letter. Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] and [[Andy Anson]], head of England's World Cup bid, criticized the timing of the broadcast three days before FIFA decided on the host for the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]], because it might damage England's bid; the voters included officials accused by the program.<ref>{{cite episode |series=Panorama |network=[[BBC One]] |date=29 November 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11841783 |title=Panorama: Three Fifa World Cup officials took bribe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712212229/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11841783 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |url-status=dead |work=[[BBC News]] |date=29 November 2010 }}</ref> In June 2011, it came to light that the [[International Olympic Committee]] had started inquiry proceedings against FIFA honorary president [[João Havelange]] into claims of bribery. ''Panorama'' alleged that Havelange accepted a $1 million 'bung' in 1997 from ISL. The IOC stated that it "takes all allegations of corruption very seriously, and we would always ask for any evidence of wrongdoing involving any IOC members to be passed to our ethics commission".<ref>{{cite news |author=International |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/international/8581704/Fifa-honourary-president-Joao-Havelange-faces-IOC-inquiry.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/international/8581704/Fifa-honourary-president-Joao-Havelange-faces-IOC-inquiry.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Fifa {{Sic |nolink=y|honou|rary |expected=honorary}} president Joao Havelange faces IOC inquiry |work=Daily Telegraph |date=17 June 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In a 2014 interview, American sportswriter [[Dave Zirin]] said that corruption is endemic to FIFA leadership and that the organization should be abolished for the game's good. He said that currently, FIFA is in charge of both monitoring corruption in association football matches and marketing and selling the sport, but that two "separate" organizational bodies are needed: an organizational body that monitors corruption and match-fixing and the like and an organization that's responsible for marketing and sponsorships and selling the sport. Zirin said the idea of having a single organization responsible for both seems highly ineffective and detrimental to the sport.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=12014 |title=Dave Zirin: Abolish FIFA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702183157/http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=12014 |archive-date=2 July 2015 |date=17 June 2014 |url-status=dead |author=[[Dave Zirin]] |work=[[The Real News Network]] }}</ref> In May 2015, 14 people were arrested, including nine FIFA officials, after being accused of corruption.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/may/27/several-top-fifa-officials-arrested |title=Fifa officials arrested on corruption charges as World Cup inquiry launched |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=27 May 2015 |access-date=14 June 2018 |archive-date=27 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527081541/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/may/27/several-top-fifa-officials-arrested |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2022 World Cup bid, Qatar was honoured to host the World Cup. Since then it has been discovered that Qatar paid as much as $200 billion to host the World Cup. This information was discovered by the Tass news agency in Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/qatar-fifa-world-cup-2022-how-much-money-host-nation-spent-on-the-most-expensive-mens-tournament/articleshow/96319520.cms |title=FIFA World Cup 2022:How much money host nation spent on the most expensive men's tournament? |work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=17 December 2022 |access-date=12 January 2023 }}</ref> ===Guilty pleas=== Between 2013 and 2015 four individuals, and two sports television rights corporations pleaded guilty to United States financial misconduct charges. The pleas of [[Chuck Blazer]], [[José Hawilla]], Daryan Warner, Darrell Warner, [[Traffic Group]] and [[Traffic Sports USA]] were unsealed in May 2015.<ref name="DOJ presser" /> In another 2015 case, Singapore also imposed a 6-year "harshest sentence ever received for match-fixing" on match-fixer Eric Ding who had bribed three Lebanese FIFA football officials with prostitutes as an inducement to fix future matches that they would officiate, as well as perverting the course of justice.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chelvan |first=Vanessa Paige |title=Convicted match-fixer Eric Ding's jail term extended to 6 years |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/convicted-match-fixer/2211108.html |access-date=2 December 2015 |publisher=CNA |archive-date=26 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126122839/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/convicted-match-fixer/2211108.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Indictments and arrests=== Fourteen FIFA officials and marketing executives were indicted by the [[United States Department of Justice]] in May 2015. The officials were [[2015 arrests of FIFA officials|arrested]] in Switzerland and are in the process of extradition to the US. Specific charges (brought under the [[RICO]] act) include [[wire fraud]], [[racketeering]], and [[money laundering]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/27/sports/soccer/fifa-officials-face-corruption-charges-in-us.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/27/sports/soccer/fifa-officials-face-corruption-charges-in-us.html |archive-date=2 January 2022 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=FIFA Officials Arrested on Corruption Charges; Blatter Isn't Among Them |date=27 May 2015 |work=The New York Times |access-date=19 December 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> "Swiss authorities say they have also opened a separate criminal investigation into FIFA's operations pertaining to the 2018 and 2022 World Cup bids".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.local10.com/news/fbi-searching-south-florida-offices-linked-to-fifa-in-a-soccer-scandal/33238236 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528013934/http://www.local10.com/news/fbi-searching-south-florida-offices-linked-to-fifa-in-a-soccer-scandal/33238236 |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 May 2015 |title=FBI searching South Florida offices linked to FIFA in soccer scandal |author=WPLG |work=Local10 }}</ref> FIFA's top officials were arrested at a hotel in Switzerland on suspicion of receiving bribes totalling $100m (£65m). The US Department of Justice stated that nine FIFA officials and four executives of sports management companies were arrested and accused of over $150m in bribes.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/27/fifa-corruption-arrests-key-questions-answered |title=Fifa corruption arrests: key questions answered |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221082158/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/27/fifa-corruption-arrests-key-questions-answered |archive-date=21 December 2016 |url-status=live |work=The Guardian |date=27 May 2015 }}</ref> The UK Shadow Home Secretary and Labour Member of Parliament, [[Andy Burnham]], stated in May 2015 that England should boycott the 2018 World Cup against corruption in FIFA and military aggression by Russia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/may/31/england-boycott-2018-world-cup-andy-burnham |title=England should boycott 2018 World Cup, says Andy Burnham |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204024719/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/may/31/england-boycott-2018-world-cup-andy-burnham |archive-date=4 December 2016 |url-status=live |work=Guardian |date=31 May 2015 }}</ref> ===2018 and 2022 World Cup bids=== {{further|2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids|Garcia Report}} FIFA's choice to award the 2018 World Cup to Russia and the 2022 World Cup to Qatar has been widely criticized by media.<ref>{{cite news |author=Simon Barnes |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/sport/fifa-is-a-gathering-of-nasty-mad-old-men/story-fn76vhk4-1225966425228 |title=FIFA is a gathering of nasty, mad old men |work=The Australian |date=6 December 2010 |access-date=22 December 2010 |archive-date=6 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206043123/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/sport/fifa-is-a-gathering-of-nasty-mad-old-men/story-fn76vhk4-1225966425228 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Rogers |first=Martin |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/soccer/news?slug=ro-worldcupvote120210 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207100738/http://sports.yahoo.com/soccer/news?slug=ro-worldcupvote120210 |archive-date=7 December 2010 |title=Qatar selection adds to FIFA's ongoing folly – World Soccer |date=2 December 2010 |publisher=Sports.yahoo.com |access-date=22 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Seltzer |first=Greg |url=http://www.philadelphiaunion.com/news/2010/12/media-reaction-world-cup-voting |title=Media Reaction to World Cup Voting |publisher=Philadelphia Union |date=3 December 2010 |access-date=22 December 2010 |archive-date=15 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215073402/http://www.philadelphiaunion.com/news/2010/12/media-reaction-world-cup-voting |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sport24.co.za/Columnists/MarkGleeson/FIFA-SAFA-voting-baffling-20101206 |title=FIFA, SAFA voting baffling: Sport: Columnists: Mark Gleeson |publisher=Sport24.co.za |access-date=22 December 2010 |archive-date=13 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513073023/http://www.sport24.co.za/Columnists/MarkGleeson/FIFA-SAFA-voting-baffling-20101206 |url-status=live }}</ref> It has been alleged that some FIFA inside sources insist that the Russian kickbacks of cash and gifts given to FIFA executive members were enough to secure the Russian 2018 bid weeks before the result was announced.<ref>{{cite news |last=Yallop |first=David |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/8181639/England-World-Cup-bid-how-did-we-get-it-so-wrong.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/8181639/England-World-Cup-bid-how-did-we-get-it-so-wrong.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=England World Cup bid: how did we get it so wrong? |newspaper=Telegraph |date=4 December 2010 |access-date=22 December 2010 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Sepp Blatter was widely criticized in the media for giving a warning about the "evils of the media" in a speech to FIFA executive committee members shortly before they voted on the hosting of the 2018 World Cup, a reference to ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' exposés,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/11559801 |title=Fifa launches investigation into vote-selling claims |work=BBC Sport |date=17 October 2010 |access-date=22 December 2010 |archive-date=8 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208040337/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/11559801 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' [[FIFA's Dirty Secrets|investigation]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Press Association |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/dec/03/world-cup-fifa-sepp-blatter |title=England World Cup chief: Fifa's Sepp Blatter spoke of 'evils of media |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=3 December 2010 |access-date=22 December 2010 |archive-date=20 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220154325/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/dec/03/world-cup-fifa-sepp-blatter |url-status=live }}</ref> Two members of FIFA's executive committee were banned from all football-related activity in November 2010 for allegedly offering to sell their votes to undercover newspaper reporters. In early May 2011, a British parliamentary inquiry into why England failed to secure the 2018 finals was told by a member of parliament, [[Damian Collins]], that there was evidence from ''The Sunday Times'' newspaper that [[Issa Hayatou]] of Cameroon and [[Jacques Anouma]] of Ivory Coast were paid by Qatar. Qatar has categorically denied the allegations, as have Hayatou and Anouma.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afrikansoccer.com/2011/05/qatar-denies-paying-world-cup-bribes-to-hayatou-anouma/ |title=Qatar denies paying World Cup bribes to Hayatou, Anouma |publisher=Afrikansoccer.com |date=11 May 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909025719/http://www.afrikansoccer.com/2011/05/qatar-denies-paying-world-cup-bribes-to-hayatou-anouma/ |archive-date=9 September 2011}}</ref> FIFA president Blatter said, {{as of|2011|May|23|lc=y}}, that the British newspaper ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' has agreed to bring its whistle-blowing source to meet senior FIFA officials, who will decide whether to order a new investigation into alleged World Cup bidding corruption. "[The ''Sunday Times''] are happy, they agreed that they will bring this whistleblower here to Zürich and then we will have a discussion, an investigation of this", Blatter said. Specifically, the whistle-blower claims that FIFA executive committee members Issa Hayatou and Jacques Anouma were paid $1.5 million to vote for Qatar.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-sport/ffa-coy-on-world-cup-bid-rerun-20110520-1ewr2.html |first1=Liam |last1=FitzGibbon |title=FFA coy on World Cup bid re-run |work=Sydney Morning Herald |date=20 May 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=23 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523132140/http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-sport/ffa-coy-on-world-cup-bid-rerun-20110520-1ewr2.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/923253/fifa-investigates-bin-hammam-bribery-claims?cc=5739 |title=FIFA investigates Bin Hammam bribery claims |publisher=ESPN Soccernet |date=25 May 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=28 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528071350/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/923253/fifa-investigates-bin-hammam-bribery-claims?cc=5739 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The emirate's bid beat the United States in a final round of voting last December. Blatter did not rule out reopening the 2022 vote if corruption could be proved, but urged taking the matter "step by step". The FIFA president said his organization is "anxiously awaiting" more evidence before asking its ethics committee to examine allegations made in Britain's Parliament in early May 2011. Hayatou, who is from Cameroon, leads the [[Confederation of African Football]] and is a FIFA vice-president. Anouma is president of [[Ivorian Football Federation]]. The whistle-blower said Qatar agreed to pay a third African voter, [[Amos Adamu]], for his support. The [[Nigerian]] was later suspended from voting after a FIFA ethics court ruled he solicited bribes from undercover Sunday Times reporters posing as lobbyists. Blatter said the newspaper and its whistle-blower would meet with FIFA secretary general, [[Jérôme Valcke]], and legal director, Marco Villiger. Allegations against FIFA officials have also been made to the UK Parliament by [[David Triesman]], the former head of England's bid and the English Football Association. Triesman told the lawmakers that four long-standing FIFA executive committee members—[[Jack Warner (football executive)|Jack Warner]], [[Nicolás Leoz]], [[Ricardo Teixeira]] and [[Worawi Makudi]]—engaged in "improper and unethical" conduct in the 2018 bidding, which was won by Russia. All six FIFA voters have denied wrongdoing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/6565931/fifa-meet-qatar-2022-bid-whistleblower |agency= Associated Press |title=Sepp Blatter: FIFA to meet Qatar 2022 bid whistleblower |publisher=ESPN |date=19 May 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811142257/http://espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/6565931/fifa-meet-qatar-2022-bid-whistleblower |url-status=live }}</ref> On 28 September 2015, [[Sepp Blatter]] suggested that the [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018 World Cup]] being awarded to Russia was planned before the voting, and that the [[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022 World Cup]] would have then been awarded to the United States. However, this plan changed after the election ballot, and the 2022 World Cup was awarded to Qatar instead of the US.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sepp Blatter: Russia 2018 World Cup 'agreed before vote' |date=28 October 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/34657900 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=14 February 2018 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101010331/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/34657900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Riach |first=James |title=Sepp Blatter: Russia was chosen as 2018 World Cup host before vote |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/oct/28/sepp-blatter-fifa-russia-2018-world-cup-vote |date=28 October 2015 |work=The Guardian |access-date=11 December 2016 |archive-date=21 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221081914/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/oct/28/sepp-blatter-fifa-russia-2018-world-cup-vote |url-status=live }}</ref> According to leaked documents seen by ''The Sunday Times'', Qatari state-run television channel Al Jazeera secretly offered $400 million to FIFA, for broadcasting rights, just 21 days before FIFA announced that Qatar would hold the 2022 World Cup.<ref name=JP>{{cite news |url=https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Qatar-offered-FIFA-880-million-for-hosting-the-2022-World-Cup-582998 |title=Qatar offered FIFA $880 million for hosting the 2022 World Cup - report|first1= Alon |last1=Einhorn |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=10 March 2019 |access-date=10 March 2019 |archive-date=11 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311064625/https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Qatar-offered-FIFA-880-million-for-hosting-the-2022-World-Cup-582998 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/revealed-qatars-secret-880m-world-cup-payments-to-fifa-p3r5rvw9x |url-access=subscription |title=Exclusive investigation: Qatar's secret $880m World Cup payments to Fifa |work=The Sunday Times |date=10 March 2019 |access-date=10 March 2019 |archive-date=10 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190310150437/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/revealed-qatars-secret-880m-world-cup-payments-to-fifa-p3r5rvw9x |url-status=live }}</ref> On 17 July 2012, in the wake of announced anti-corruption reforms by Sepp Blatter, the president of the FIFA,<ref name=GuardJul12>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/jul/17/fifa-michael-j-garcia-football-corruption|title=Fifa appoints Michael J Garcia to investigate football corruption|agency=Associated Press |date=17 July 2012 |website=The Guardian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007151341/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/jul/17/fifa-michael-j-garcia-football-corruption |archive-date= 7 October 2023 }}</ref> the organization appointed US lawyer [[Michael J. Garcia]] as the chairman of the investigative chamber of [[FIFA Ethics Committee]], while German judge [[Hans-Joachim Eckert]] was appointed as the chairman of the Ethics Committee's [[adjudication]] chamber.<ref name=CNNJul12>{{cite web|title=FIFA unveils new crime fighting duo to tackle corruption in soccer|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/17/sport/football/football-fifa-ethics-corruption/|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=17 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016094614/https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/17/sport/football/football-fifa-ethics-corruption/ |archive-date= 16 October 2023 }}</ref> In August 2012, Garcia declared his intention to investigate the bidding process and decision to respectively award the right to host the 2018 and 2022 [[FIFA World Cup]] to [[Russia]] and [[Qatar]] by the [[FIFA Executive Committee]].<ref>{{cite news |date=26 August 2012 |title=FIFA to look into World Cup winning bids |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-08-27/fifa-to-look-into-world-cup-winning-bids/4224368 |agency=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016094616/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-08-27/fifa-to-look-into-world-cup-winning-bids/4224368 |archive-date= 16 October 2023 }}</ref> Garcia delivered his subsequent 350-page [[Garcia Report|report]] in September 2014, and Eckert then announced that it would not be made public for legal reasons.<ref name=GuardSep14>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/sep/24/michael-garcia-fifa-investigation-public-world-cup|title=FIFA prosecutor Michael Garcia calls for World Cup report to be made public|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=24 September 2014 |first1=Owen |last1=Gibson |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231004100435/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/sep/24/michael-garcia-fifa-investigation-public-world-cup |archive-date= 4 October 2023 }}</ref> On 13 November 2014, Eckert released a 42-page summary of his findings after reviewing Garcia's report. The summary cleared both Russia and Qatar of any wrongdoing during the bidding for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups,<ref name=WhatNow>{{cite news |date=13 November 2014 |title=FIFA corruption report: Who is to blame and what happens now? |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30042309 |agency=BBC |first1=Richard |last1=Conway |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221130112522/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/30042309 |archive-date= 30 November 2022 }}</ref> leaving Russia and Qatar free to stage their respective World Cups.<ref name=APfire>{{cite news|date=13 November 2014 |title=FIFA under fire after report on Qatar, Russia |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/4de5fea12fc44b86bd7221bb429f360f/fifa-clears-russia-and-qatar-host-world-cup |agency=Associated Press |first1=Graham |last1=Dunbar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141116023958/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/4de5fea12fc44b86bd7221bb429f360f/fifa-clears-russia-and-qatar-host-world-cup |archive-date=16 November 2014 }}</ref> FIFA welcomed "the fact that a degree of closure has been reached", while the [[Associated Press]] wrote that the Eckert summary "was denounced by critics as a [[wiktionary:whitewash#Verb|whitewash]]".<ref name=APfire/> Hours after the Eckert summary was released, Garcia himself criticized it for being "materially incomplete" with "erroneous representations of the facts and conclusions", while declaring his intention to appeal to FIFA's Appeal Committee.<ref name=WhatNow/> On 16 December 2014, FIFA's Appeal Committee dismissed Garcia's appeal against the Eckert summary as "not admissible". FIFA also stated that Eckert's summary was "neither legally binding nor appealable".<ref>{{cite news |date=16 December 2014 |title=FIFA dismisses complaint from lawyer Michael Garcia over report |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30491135 |agency=BBC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016095445/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/30491135 |archive-date= 16 October 2023 }}</ref> A day later, Garcia resigned from his role as FIFA ethics investigator in protest of FIFA's conduct, citing a "lack of leadership" and lost confidence in the independence of Eckert from FIFA.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 December 2014 |title=Michael Garcia: FIFA investigator resigns in World Cup report row |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30522170 |agency=BBC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009115832/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/30522170 |archive-date= 9 October 2023 }}</ref> In June 2015, Swiss authorities claimed the report was of "little value".<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-soccer-fifa-garcia-idUSKBN0P322B20150623 "Exclusive: Swiss authorities probing FIFA say Garcia report of little help – source"], Mark Hosenball, David Ingram. Reuters. 23 June 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2017.</ref> In November 2022, the FIFA officials told players not to get involved in politics but focus on sports when they are in Qatar.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/fifa-president-writes-letter-telling-teams-to-avoid-political-stands-at-qatar-world-cup-per-report/#:~:text=The%202022%20World%20Cup%20in,the%20politics%20of%20the%20event | title=FIFA president writes letter telling teams to avoid political stands at Qatar World Cup, per report | date=4 November 2022 |first1= Austin |last1=Nivison |website=CBS Sports |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230607003244/https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/fifa-president-writes-letter-telling-teams-to-avoid-political-stands-at-qatar-world-cup-per-report/#:~:text=The%202022%20World%20Cup%20in,the%20politics%20of%20the%20event |archive-date= 7 June 2023 }}</ref> A few weeks earlier, the football associations and players of Denmark and Australia criticized Qatar for this.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/sep/28/denmark-unveil-world-cup-protest-kits-over-qatar-human-rights-record |agency=Associated Press and Reuters | title=Denmark unveil World Cup 'protest' kits criticising Qatar's human rights record | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=28 September 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706120430/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/sep/28/denmark-unveil-world-cup-protest-kits-over-qatar-human-rights-record |archive-date= 6 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/oct/28/world-cup-organisers-in-qatar-respond-to-australian-players-criticism-saying-no-country-is-perfect | title=World Cup organisers in Qatar respond to Australian players' criticism, saying 'no country is perfect' | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=28 October 2022 |first1=Mike |last1=Hytner |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031552/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/oct/28/world-cup-organisers-in-qatar-respond-to-australian-players-criticism-saying-no-country-is-perfect |archive-date= 26 March 2023 }}</ref> ===2011 FIFA presidential election=== FIFA announced on 25 May 2011 that it had opened the investigation to examine the conduct of four officials—[[Mohamed Bin Hammam]] and Jack Warner, along with [[Caribbean Football Union]] (CFU) officials Debbie Minguell and Jason Sylvester—in relation to claims made by executive committee member, [[Chuck Blazer]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Postrel |first=Virginia |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-03/how-fifa-s-fouls-may-revive-the-beautiful-game-david-goldblatt.html |url-access=subscription |title=How FIFA's Fouls May Revive the Beautiful Game: David Goldblatt |publisher=Bloomberg |date=3 June 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=7 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607013243/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-03/how-fifa-s-fouls-may-revive-the-beautiful-game-david-goldblatt.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/kerith_gabriel/123083018.html |title=Soccer overflowing with scoundrels and scandals |publisher=Philly.com |date=3 June 2011 |first1=Kerith |last1=Gabriel |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=21 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621094956/http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/kerith_gabriel/123083018.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Owen Gibson |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/may/25/fifa-bribery-allegations-warner-bin-hammam |title=Fifa in crisis after claims against Jack Warner and Mohamed bin Hammam |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=25 May 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=20 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220151703/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/may/25/fifa-bribery-allegations-warner-bin-hammam |url-status=live }}</ref> Blazer, who was at the time, the general secretary of the [[CONCACAF]] confederation, has alleged that violations were committed under the FIFA code of ethics during a meeting organized by Bin Hammam and Warner on 10 and 11 May—the same time Lord Triesman had accused Warner of demanding money for a World Cup 2018 vote—in relation to the 2011 FIFA presidential election,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/923253/fifa-investigates-bin-hammam-bribery-claims?cc=5901 |title=FIFA investigates Bin Hammam bribery claims |publisher=ESPN |date=25 May 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=28 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528071355/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/923253/fifa-investigates-bin-hammam-bribery-claims?cc=5901 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in which Bin Hammam, who also played a key role in the [[Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup bid]], allegedly offered financial incentives for votes cast in his favour during the presidential election. As a result of the investigation both Bin Hammam and Warner were suspended.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13591142 |title=Fifa suspends Bin Hammam and Jack Warner |work=BBC News |date=29 May 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=1 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601231646/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13591142 |url-status=live }}</ref> Warner reacted to his suspension by questioning Blatter's conduct and adding that FIFA secretary general, Jérôme Valcke, had told him via e-mail that Qatar had bought the 2022 World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fanhouse.co.uk/2011/05/30/fifa-soap-opera-latest-jack-warner-says-2022-world-cup-was-bou |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602142014/http://www.fanhouse.co.uk/2011/05/30/fifa-soap-opera-latest-jack-warner-says-2022-world-cup-was-bou |archive-date=2 June 2011 |title=Fifa Soap Opera Latest: Jack Warner Says 2022 World Cup Was 'Bought' |publisher=Fanhouse.co.uk |date=30 May 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/football/06/02/football.fifa.blatter.kissinger/ |title=Blatter tips Henry Kissinger for role on FIFA 'Solutions Committee' |publisher=CNN |date=2 June 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=22 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722130535/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/football/06/02/football.fifa.blatter.kissinger/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Valcke subsequently issued a statement denying he had suggested it was bribery, saying instead that the country had "used its financial muscle to lobby for support". Qatar officials denied any impropriety.<ref>{{cite news |last=Doherty |first=Regan E. |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-soccer-fifa-qatar-idUSTRE74T4J420110530 |title=Qataris brush off allegations of buying World Cup rights |work=Reuters |date=30 May 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015225134/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/30/us-soccer-fifa-qatar-idUSTRE74T4J420110530 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bin Hammam also responded by writing to FIFA, protesting unfair treatment in suspension by the FIFA Ethics Committee and FIFA administration.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kelso |first=Paul |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/international/8549488/Mohamed-Bin-Hammam-writes-to-Fifa-protesting-unfair-treatment-in-suspension-ahead-of-presidential-election.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/international/8549488/Mohamed-Bin-Hammam-writes-to-Fifa-protesting-unfair-treatment-in-suspension-ahead-of-presidential-election.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mohamed Bin Hammam writes to Fifa protesting 'unfair' treatment in suspension ahead of presidential election |work=Telegraph |date=1 June 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Further evidence emerged of alleged corruption. On 30 May 2011, Fred Lunn, vice-president of the [[Bahamas Football Association]], said that he was given $40,000 in cash<ref>{{cite news |author=Press Association |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/may/30/mohamed-bin-hammam-fifa |title=Official 'was offered $40,000' after Mohamed bin Hammam presentation |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=30 May 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=30 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930072654/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/may/30/mohamed-bin-hammam-fifa |url-status=live }}</ref> as an incitement to vote for FIFA presidential candidate, Mohamed bin Hammam. In addition, on 11 June 2011 Louis Giskus, president of the [[Surinamese Football Association]], alleged that he was given $40,000 in cash for "development projects" as an incentive to vote for Bin Hammam.<ref>{{cite news |author=Owen Gibson |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jun/09/fifa-surinam-fa-bribery-allegations |title=Fifa rocked by fresh claims after Surinam FA reports $40,000 'gift' |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=9 June 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=20 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220151855/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jun/09/fifa-surinam-fa-bribery-allegations |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Response to allegations=== After being re-elected as president of FIFA, Sepp Blatter responded to the allegations by promising to reform FIFA in wake of the bribery scandal, with [[Danny Jordaan]], CEO of the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]] in South Africa, saying there is great expectation for reform.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldfootballinsider.com/Story.aspx?id=34414 |title=FIFA Congress Roundup – Kissinger, Cruyff for Watchdog; Jordaan's Expectations for Reforms |publisher=Worldfootballinsider.com |date=3 June 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=5 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605194532/http://www.worldfootballinsider.com/Story.aspx?id=34414 |url-status=live }}</ref> Former US Secretary of State [[Henry Kissinger]] is being tipped for a role on the newly proposed 'Solutions Committee', and former [[Netherlands national football team]] player [[Johan Cruyff]] was also being linked with a role.<ref name="autogenerated1" /><ref>{{cite news |author=Matt Scott in Zurich |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jun/02/henry-kissinger-sepp-blatter-fifa |title=Henry Kissinger recommended for Fifa anti-corruption squad {{pipe}} Football |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=2 June 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=30 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930105729/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jun/02/henry-kissinger-sepp-blatter-fifa |url-status=live }}</ref> [[UEFA]] secretary-general [[Gianni Infantino]] said he hopes for "concrete" measures to be taken by the world game's authority. Saying that "the UEFA executive committee has taken note of the will of FIFA to take concrete and effective measures for good governance ... [and is] following the situation closely."<ref>{{cite web |author=PA Sport |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/17062011/58/world-cup-uefa-wants-concrete-changes-fifa-soon.html |title=World Cup – UEFA wants 'concrete' changes to FIFA soon |publisher=Uk.eurosport.yahoo.com |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=29 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829131446/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/17062011/58/world-cup-uefa-wants-concrete-changes-fifa-soon.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[IOC]] president [[Jacques Rogge]] commented on the situation by saying that he believes FIFA "can emerge stronger" from its worst-ever crisis, stating that "I will not point a finger and lecture ... I am sure FIFA can emerge stronger and from within".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldfootballinsider.com/Story.aspx?id=34401 |title=Blatter Vows to Tackle Corruption; IOC Chief Says FIFA "Can Emerge Stronger" From Crisis |publisher=Worldfootballinsider.com |date=31 May 2011 |access-date= |archive-date=8 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008142319/http://www.worldfootballinsider.com/Story.aspx?id=34401 |url-status=dead|first = Mark|last = Bisson}}</ref> Several of FIFA's partners and sponsors have raised concerns about the allegations of corruption, including [[Coca-Cola]], [[Adidas]], [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]] and [[Visa Inc.|Visa]].<ref name="telegraph1">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/leisure/8548440/Fifa-corruption-claims-What-the-sponsors-are-saying.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/leisure/8548440/Fifa-corruption-claims-What-the-sponsors-are-saying.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Fifa corruption claims: What the sponsors are saying |newspaper=Telegraph |date=1 June 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/leisure/8552114/McDonalds-joins-Coca-Cola-and-Visa-in-calling-for-Fifa-change.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/leisure/8552114/McDonalds-joins-Coca-Cola-and-Visa-in-calling-for-Fifa-change.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=McDonald's joins Coca-Cola and Visa in calling for Fifa change |newspaper=Telegraph |date=2 June 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |location=London |first=Damian |last=Reece}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Press Association |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/may/30/coca-cola-adidas-fifa |title=Coca-Cola joins Adidas in expressing concern about Fifa shenanigans |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=30 May 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=20 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220152144/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/may/30/coca-cola-adidas-fifa |url-status=live }}</ref> Coca-Cola raised concerns by saying "the current allegations being raised are distressing and bad for the sport"; with Adidas saying "the negative tenor of the public debate around Fifa at the moment is neither good for football nor for Fifa and its partners"; moreover Emirates raised its concerns by saying "we hope that these issues will be resolved as soon as possible"; and Visa adding "the current situation is clearly not good for the game and we ask that Fifa take all necessary steps to resolve the concerns that have been raised."<ref name="telegraph1" /> Australian Sports Minister [[Mark Arbib]] said it was clear FIFA needed to change, saying "there is no doubt there needs to be reform of FIFA. This is something that we're hearing worldwide", with [[Australian Senator]] [[Nick Xenophon]] accusing FIFA of "scamming" the country out of the A$46 million (US$35 million) it spent on the [[Australia 2022 FIFA World Cup bid]], saying that "until the investigation into FIFA has been completed, Australia must hold off spending any more taxpayers' money on any future World Cup bids."<ref>{{cite web |agency=AFP |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jSY_LpQRLnW7j3gfWpWC9_f3zl6A?docId=CNG.7da929b60d93d912325df4a2c96e2701.721 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524014403/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jSY_LpQRLnW7j3gfWpWC9_f3zl6A?docId=CNG.7da929b60d93d912325df4a2c96e2701.721 |archive-date=24 May 2012 |title=AFP: Australia demands FIFA reform |date=30 May 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011}}</ref> [[Theo Zwanziger]], president of the [[German Football Association]], also called on FIFA to re-examine the awarding of the 2022 World Cup to Qatar.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13613314 |title=BBC Sport – German Federation asks Fifa for inquiry into Qatar 2022 |work=BBC News |date=1 June 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=19 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319183017/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13613314 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Transparency International]], which had called on FIFA to postpone the election pending a full independent investigation, renewed its call on FIFA to change its governance structure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.transparency.org/2011/06/09/what-should-fifa-do-about-corruption-version-2-0/ |title=What should FIFA do about corruption: version 2.0 : space for transparency |publisher=Blog.transparency.org |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=22 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722191329/http://blog.transparency.org/2011/06/09/what-should-fifa-do-about-corruption-version-2-0/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Moreover, former [[Argentine]] football player [[Diego Maradona]] was critical of FIFA in light of the corruption scandal, comparing members of the board to dinosaurs. He said "Fifa is a big museum. They are dinosaurs who do not want to relinquish power. It's always going to be the same."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2557/news/2011/06/04/2517750/its-a-big-museum-of-dinosaurs-diego-maradona-blasts-fifa |title=It's a big museum of dinosaurs – Diego Maradona blasts Fifa |publisher=Goal.com |date=4 June 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=7 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607062034/http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2557/news/2011/06/04/2517750/its-a-big-museum-of-dinosaurs-diego-maradona-blasts-fifa |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2011, [[Dick Pound]] criticized the organization, saying, "FIFA has fallen far short of a credible demonstration that it recognizes the many problems it faces, that it has the will to solve them, that it is willing to be transparent about what it is doing and what it finds, and that its conduct in the future will be such that the public can be confident in the governance of the sport."<ref>[[Associated Press]], "Pound lambastes FIFA for lack of transparency", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 5 October 2011, p. 18.</ref> ===2018 revision of code of ethics=== In 2018, FIFA revised its code of ethics to remove corruption as one of the enumerated bases of ethical violations.<ref name="APnewsFifaEthics">{{cite news |last=Harris |first=Rob |title=Keep bribes quiet for 10 years, FIFA won't punish you |url=https://apnews.com/d165d80179aa4117a260a1a5e65eafb6 |access-date=14 August 2018 |work=Associated Press |date=14 August 2018 |archive-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814012303/https://apnews.com/d165d80179aa4117a260a1a5e65eafb6 |url-status=live }}</ref> It retained bribery, misappropriation of funds and manipulation of competitions as offences, but added a [[statute of limitation]] clause that those offences could not be pursued after a ten-year period.<ref name="APnewsFifaEthics"/> The revision also made it an offence to make public statements of a defamatory nature against FIFA.<ref name="APnewsFifaEthics"/> Alexandra Wrage, a former member of the FIFA governance committee and an expert in anti-bribery compliance, said that of the revision that "the real value to FIFA is the [[chilling effect]] this will have on critics".<ref name="APnewsFifaEthics"/> In October 2024 more than 100 female footballers sent an open letter to FIFA demanding the organization to end its sponsor deal with Saudi oil company [[Saudi Aramco|Aramco]], due to the continuous human rights violations, women's rights abuses and criminalisation of homosexuality in [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-21 |title=Women footballers urge Fifa to end Saudi sponsorship deal with Aramco |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c39l89dv90zo |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref>
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