Editing England (section)

===Visual arts===
{{Main|English art}}
{{See also|Arts Council England}}
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[[File:John Constable The Hay Wain.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A horse-drawn wagon crossing a river towards a cottage, with trees and fields beyond|''[[The Hay Wain]]'' by [[John Constable]], 1821, is an archetypal English painting.]]
[[File:John William Waterhouse - The Lady of Shalott - Google Art Project edit.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A painting of a red haired woman, sitting in a boat, surrounded by trees|''[[The Lady of Shalott (painting)|The Lady of Shalott]]'' by [[John William Waterhouse]], 1888, in the [[Pre-Raphaelite]] style]]
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The earliest known examples are the prehistoric rock and [[cave art]] pieces, most prominent in [[North Yorkshire]], Northumberland and [[Cumbria]], but also feature further south, for example at [[Creswell Crags]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-836-1/dissemination/pdf/ERA_Brochure.pdf |publisher=ArchaeologyDataService.ac.uk |title=The Prehistoric Cave Art of England |access-date=5 September 2009}}</ref> With the arrival of [[Roman culture]] in the 1st century, various forms of art such as statues, busts, glasswork and mosaics were the norm. There are numerous surviving artefacts, such as those at [[Lullingstone Roman Villa|Lullingstone]] and [[Isurium Brigantum|Aldborough]].<ref>{{cite web |author=English Heritage |author-link=English Heritage |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server.php?show=nav.17022 |publisher=english-heritage.org.uk |title=Aldborough Roman Site |access-date=5 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022105915/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server.php?show=nav.17022 |archive-date=22 October 2009}}</ref> During the Early Middle Ages the style favoured sculpted crosses and ivories, manuscript painting, gold and enamel jewellery, demonstrating a love of intricate, interwoven designs such as in the [[Staffordshire Hoard]] discovered in 2009. Some of these blended [[Insular art|Gaelic and Anglian]] styles, such as the [[Lindisfarne Gospels]] and [[Vespasian Psalter]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0023715.html |publisher=Tiscali.co.uk |title=Early Middle Ages Art |access-date=5 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227121544/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0023715.html |archive-date=27 February 2009}}</ref> Later [[Gothic art]] was popular at Winchester and Canterbury, examples survive such as [[Benedictional of St. Æthelwold]] and [[Luttrell Psalter]].<ref name="engart" />

The Tudor era saw [[Artists of the Tudor court|prominent artists]] as part of their court; portrait painting, which would remain an enduring part of English art, was boosted by German [[Hans Holbein the Younger|Hans Holbein]], and natives such as [[Nicholas Hilliard]] built on this.<ref name="engart">{{cite web |url=http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0028010.html |publisher=Tiscali.co.uk |title=English art |access-date=5 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216224856/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0028010.html |archive-date=16 February 2009}}</ref> Under the Stuarts, Continental artists were influential especially the Flemish, examples from the period include [[Anthony van Dyck]], [[Peter Lely]], [[Godfrey Kneller]] and [[William Dobson]].<ref name="engart" /> The 18th century saw the founding of the [[Royal Academy]]; a [[classicism]] based on the [[Renaissance art|High Renaissance]] prevailed, with [[Thomas Gainsborough]] and [[Joshua Reynolds]] becoming two of England's most treasured artists.<ref name="engart" />

In the 19th century, [[John Constable]] and [[J. M. W. Turner]] were major landscape artists. The [[Norwich School (art movement)|Norwich School]] continued the landscape tradition, while the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]], led by artists such as [[Holman Hunt]], [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] and [[John Everett Millais]], revived the [[Early Renaissance]] style with their vivid and detailed style.<ref name="engart" /> Prominent amongst 20th-century artists was [[Henry Moore]], regarded as the voice of British sculpture, and of British modernism in general.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Turner |first=Chris |title=The Bronze Age: Henry Moore and his successors |journal=Tate Magazine |issue=6 |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/magazine/issue6/moore.htm |access-date=9 September 2009 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120105222753/http://www.tate.org.uk/magazine/issue6/moore.htm |archive-date=5 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Royal Society of Arts]] is an organisation committed to the arts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the RSA – RSA |url=https://www.thersa.org/about |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=thersa.org}}</ref>