Editing Enema (section)

===== Coffee enemas =====
{{Main|Coffee enema}}

Well documented as having no proven benefits and considered by medical authorities as rash and potentially dangerous is an enema of [[coffee]].<ref name=Ernst /><ref name="shils" />

A coffee enema can cause numerous maladies including [[infections]], [[sepsis]] (including [[campylobacter]] sepsis), severe [[Electrolyte disturbance|electrolyte imbalance]], [[colitis]], polymicrobial enteric sepsis, [[proctocolitis]], [[salmonella]], [[brain abscess]], and heart failure,<ref name=colitis /><ref name="acs">{{cite web |publisher = [[American Cancer Society]] |url = http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/ManualHealingandPhysicalTouch/colon-therapy |date = 11 January 2008 |access-date = 13 May 2011 |title = Colon Therapy |archive-date = 24 April 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150424180208/http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/ManualHealingandPhysicalTouch/colon-therapy |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors = Margolin KA, Green MR |title = Polymicrobial enteric septicemia from coffee enemas |journal = The Western Journal of Medicine |volume = 140 |issue = 3 |page = 460 |year = 1984 |pmid = 6710988 |pmc = 1021723 }}</ref><ref name=deaths>{{cite journal |vauthors = Eisele JW, Reay DT |title = Deaths related to coffee enemas |journal = JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association |volume = 244 |issue = 14 |pages = 1608–1609 |year = 1980 |pmid = 7420666 |doi = 10.1001/jama.1980.03310140066036 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors = Keum B, Jeen YT, Park SC, Seo YS, Kim YS, Chun HJ, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS |title = Proctocolitis Caused by Coffee Enemas |journal = The American Journal of Gastroenterology |volume = 105 |issue = 1 |pages = 229–230 |year = 2010 |pmid = 20054322 |doi = 10.1038/ajg.2009.505 |s2cid = 19156781 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher = [[Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center]] |url = http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/69283.cfm |title = Livingston-Wheeler Therapy |date = 9 May 2011 |access-date = 13 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>William T. Jarvis, Ph.D., National Council Against Healthcare Fraud, "[http://www.ncahf.org/articles/c-d/caquackery.html Cancer Quackery]". Accessed 11 July 2012.</ref><ref name="pmid6789105">{{cite journal |title = Campylobacter sepsis associated with "nutritional therapy"--California |journal = MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. |volume = 30 |issue = 24 |pages = 294–5 |year = 1981 |pmid = 6789105 |author1 = Centers for Disease Control (CDC) }}</ref><ref name="pmid20054322">{{cite journal |vauthors = Keum B, Jeen YT, Park SC, Seo YS, Kim YS, Chun HJ, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS |title = Proctocolitis caused by coffee enemas |journal = Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume = 105 |issue = 1 |pages = 229–30 |year = 2010 |pmid = 20054322 |doi = 10.1038/ajg.2009.505 |s2cid = 19156781 }}</ref>{{Excessive citations inline|date=December 2024}} and deaths related to coffee enemas have been documented.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Eisele JW, Reay DT |title=Deaths related to coffee enemas |journal=JAMA |volume=244 |issue=14 |pages=1608–9|date=October 1980 |pmid=7420666 |doi=10.1001/jama.1980.03310140066036}}</ref>

[[Gerson therapy]] includes administering enemas of coffee,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Gerson Institute&nbsp;— Alternative Cancer Treatment |url=http://www.gerson.org/g_therapy/default.asp |archive-date=1 April 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030401121651/http://gerson.org/g_therapy/default.asp}}</ref> as well as of [[castor oil]] and sometimes of [[hydrogen peroxide]] or of [[ozone]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Weitzman S |title=Alternative Nutritional Cancer Therapies|journal=International Journal of Cancer|volume=78|pages=69–72|year=1998| issue=S11| doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(1998)78:11+<69::AID-IJC20>3.0.CO;2-7| pmid=9876483|s2cid=20633344 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Some proponents of alternative medicine have claimed that coffee enemas have an anti-[[cancer]] effect by "detoxifying" metabolic products of tumors<ref name=colitis>{{cite journal |vauthors = Lee CJ, Song SK, Jeon JH, Sung MK, Cheung DY, Kim JI, Kim JK, Lee YS |title = Coffee enema induced acute colitis |journal = The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe Chi |volume = 52 |issue = 4 |pages = 251–254 |year = 2008 |pmid = 19077527 }}</ref> but there is no medical scientific evidence to support this.<ref name="shils">{{cite journal |vauthors = Shils ME, Hermann MG |title = Unproved dietary claims in the treatment of patients with cancer |journal = Bull N Y Acad Med |volume = 58 |issue = 3 |pages = 323–40 |date = April 1982 |pmid = 7052177 |pmc = 1805327 }}</ref><ref name="acs" /><ref>{{cite journal |author = Cassileth B |title = Gerson regimen |journal = Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) |volume = 24 |issue = 2 |page = 201 |date = February 2010 |pmid = 20361473 }}</ref>