Editing Diphthong (section)

===Uralic languages===

====Estonian====
{{Main|Estonian phonology}}

All nine vowels can appear as the first component of an Estonian diphthong, but only {{IPA|[ɑ e i o u]}} occur as the second component.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Common Estonian diphthongs
|-
|colspan="2"| ||{{IPA|[ɑe]}}||''aed''<br />"fence, garden"||{{IPA|[ɑi]}}||''lai''<br />"wide"||{{IPA|[ɑo]}}||''kaotama''<br />"to lose"||{{IPA|[ɑu]}}||''laud''<br />"table"
|-
|{{IPA|[eɑ]}}||''teadma''<br />"to know"||colspan="2"| ||{{IPA|[ei]}}||''leib''<br />"bread"||{{IPA|[eo]}}||''teostus''<br />"accomplishment"||{{IPA|[iu]}}||''kiuste''<br />"in spite of"
|-
|{{IPA|[oɑ]}}||''toa''<br />"room"<br />(s. possessive)||{{IPA|[oe]}}||''koer''<br />"dog"||{{IPA|[oi]}}||''toit''<br />"food"||colspan="2"| ||colspan="2"|
|-
|colspan="2"| ||colspan="2"| ||{{IPA|[ui]}}||''kui''<br />"when, if"||colspan="2"| ||colspan="2"|
|-
|{{IPA|[ɤɑ]}}||''lõa''<br />"tether"<br />(s. possessive)||{{IPA|[ɤe]}}||''nõel''<br />"needle"||{{IPA|[ɤi]}}||''õige''<br />"right, correct"||{{IPA|[ɤo]}}||''tõotus''<br />"promise"||{{IPA|[ɤu]}}||''lõug''<br />"chin"
|-
|colspan="2"| ||{{IPA|[æe]}}||''päev''<br />"day"||{{IPA|[æi]}}||''täis''<br />"full"||{{IPA|[æo]}}||''näo''<br />"face" (s. possessive)||{{IPA|[æu]}}||''näuguma''<br />"to meow"
|-
|colspan="2"| ||{{IPA|[øe]}}||''söed''<br />"coals"||{{IPA|[øi]}}||''köis''<br />"rope"||colspan="2"| ||colspan="2"|
|}

There are additional diphthongs less commonly used, such as {{IPA|[eu]}} in Euroopa (Europe), {{IPA|[øɑ]}} in söandama (to dare), and {{IPA|[æu]}} in näuguma (to mew).

====Finnish====
{{Main|Finnish phonology}}
All [[Finnish language|Finnish]] [[Finnish phonology#Diphthongs|diphthongs]] are falling. Notably, Finnish has true opening diphthongs (e.g. {{IPA|/uo/}}), which are not very common crosslinguistically compared to centering diphthongs (e.g. {{IPA|/uə/}} in English). Vowel combinations across syllables may in practice be pronounced as diphthongs, when an intervening consonant has elided, as in ''näön'' {{IPA|[næøn]}} instead of {{IPA|[næ.øn]}} for the genitive of ''näkö'' ('sight').
; closing
*{{IPA|[ɑi̯]}} as in ''laiva'' (ship)
*{{IPA|[ei̯]}} as in ''keinu'' (swing)
*{{IPA|[oi̯]}} as in ''poika'' (boy)
*{{IPA|[æi̯]}} as in ''äiti'' (mother)
*{{IPA|[øi̯]}} as in ''öisin'' (at nights)
*{{IPA|[ɑu̯]}} as in ''lauha'' (mild)
*{{IPA|[eu̯]}} as in ''leuto'' (mild)
*{{IPA|[ou̯]}} as in ''koulu'' (school)
*{{IPA|[ey̯]}} as in ''leyhyä'' (to waft)
*{{IPA|[æy̯]}} as in ''täysi'' (full)
*{{IPA|[øy̯]}} as in ''löytää'' (to find)
; close
*{{IPA|[ui̯]}} as in ''uida'' (to swim)
*{{IPA|[yi̯]}} as in ''lyijy'' (lead)
*{{IPA|[iu̯]}} as in ''viulu'' (violin)
*{{IPA|[iy̯]}} as in ''siistiytyä'' (to smarten up)
; opening
*{{IPA|[ie̯]}} as in ''kieli'' (tongue)
*{{IPA|[uo̯]}} as in ''suo'' (bog)
*{{IPA|[yø̯]}} as in ''yö'' (night)

====Northern Sami====
The diphthong system in [[Northern Sami#Phonology|Northern Sami]] varies considerably from one dialect to another. The Western Finnmark dialects distinguish four different qualities of opening diphthongs:

*{{IPA|/eæ/}} as in ''leat'' "to be"
*{{IPA|/ie/}} as in ''giella'' "language"
*{{IPA|/oa/}} as in ''boahtit'' "to come"
*{{IPA|/uo/}} as in ''vuodjat'' "to swim"

In terms of quantity, Northern Sami shows a three-way contrast between '''long''', '''short''' and '''finally stressed''' diphthongs. The last are distinguished from long and short diphthongs by a markedly long and stressed second component. Diphthong quantity is not indicated in spelling.<ref name="Aikio 2022" />{{rp|148–149}} <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sammallahti |first=Pekka |title=The Saami Languages: An Introduction |date=1998 |publisher=Davvi Girji |location=Kárášjohka |isbn=82-7374-398-5 |page=40–41}}</ref>