Editing DNA (section)

=== Genetic engineering ===
{{further|Molecular biology|Nucleic acid methods|Genetic engineering}}
Methods have been developed to purify DNA from organisms, such as [[phenol-chloroform extraction]], and to manipulate it in the laboratory, such as [[restriction digest]]s and the [[polymerase chain reaction]]. Modern [[biology]] and [[biochemistry]] make intensive use of these techniques in recombinant DNA technology. [[Recombinant DNA]] is a man-made DNA sequence that has been assembled from other DNA sequences. They can be [[transformation (genetics)|transformed]] into organisms in the form of [[plasmid]]s or in the appropriate format, by using a [[viral vector]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goff SP, Berg P | s2cid = 41788896 | title = Construction of hybrid viruses containing SV40 and lambda phage DNA segments and their propagation in cultured monkey cells | journal = Cell | volume = 9 | issue = 4 PT 2 | pages = 695–705 | date = December 1976 | pmid = 189942 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90133-1 }}</ref> The [[genetic engineering|genetically modified]] organisms produced can be used to produce products such as recombinant [[protein]]s, used in [[medical research]],<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Houdebine LM | title = Target Discovery and Validation Reviews and Protocols | chapter = Transgenic animal models in biomedical research | series = Methods in Molecular Biology | volume = 360 | pages = 163–202 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17172731 | doi = 10.1385/1-59745-165-7:163 | isbn = 978-1-59745-165-9 }}</ref> or be grown in [[agriculture]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Daniell H, Dhingra A | title = Multigene engineering: dawn of an exciting new era in biotechnology | journal = Current Opinion in Biotechnology | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | pages = 136–41 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11950565 | pmc = 3481857 | doi = 10.1016/S0958-1669(02)00297-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Job D | title = Plant biotechnology in agriculture | journal = Biochimie | volume = 84 | issue = 11 | pages = 1105–10 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12595138 | doi = 10.1016/S0300-9084(02)00013-5 }}</ref>