Editing Chocolate (section)

==Society and culture==
Chocolate is perceived to be different things at different times, including a sweet treat, a luxury product, a consumer good and a mood enhancer,{{Sfnp|Hackenesch|2017|p=18}} the latter reputation in part driven by marketing.{{Sfnp|Martin|Sampeck|2021}} Chocolate is a popular metaphor for the black racial category.{{Sfnp|Hackenesch|2017|p=10}} It has connotations of transgression and sexuality{{Sfnp|Hackenesch|2017|p=15}}{{Sfnp|Scarpellini|2016|p=125}} and is gendered as feminine.{{Sfnp|Mathias|2022|p=530}} In the US there is a cultural practice of women consuming chocolate in secret; alone and with other women.{{Sfnp|McCabe|de Waal Malefyt|2020|p=28}} Children use chocolate as a euphemism for feces.{{Sfnp|Moore|2005|p=53}} Chocolate is popularly understood to have "exotic" origins,{{Sfnp|Martin|Sampeck|2021|pp=48–49}} In China, chocolate is considered "[[Shanghuo|heaty]]", and avoided in hot weather.{{Sfnp|Allen|2010|p=24}}[[File:Elmer Valentine boxed chocolates.jpg|thumb|upright|A gift box of chocolates, which is a common gift for [[Valentine's Day]]]]
Chocolate is associated with festivals such as [[Easter customs|Easter]], when molded chocolate rabbits and eggs are traditionally given in Christian communities, and [[Hanukkah]], when chocolate coins are given in Jewish communities. Chocolate [[heart (symbol)|hearts]] and chocolate in heart-shaped boxes are popular on [[Valentine's Day]] and are often presented along with flowers and a [[greeting card]]<ref name="Chocolates"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Guinness World Records 2017 |date=8 September 2016 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hxAyDQAAQBAJ&dq=cadbury+chocolate+boxes+1868&pg=PA90 |publisher=Guinness World Records |page=90 |isbn=978-1-910561-34-8 |quote=[[Richard Cadbury]], eldest son of John Cadbury who founded the now iconic brand, was the first chocolate-maker to commercialize the association between confectionery and romance, producing a heart-shaped box of chocolates for Valentine's Day in 1868 |access-date=18 July 2022 |archive-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110231442/https://books.google.com/books?id=hxAyDQAAQBAJ&dq=cadbury+chocolate+boxes+1868&pg=PA90 |url-status=live }}</ref> Boxes of filled chocolates quickly became associated with the holiday.<ref name="Chocolates"/> Chocolate is an acceptable gift on other holidays and on occasions such as birthdays. Many confectioners make holiday-specific chocolate candies. Chocolate [[Easter eggs]] or rabbits and [[Santa Claus]] figures are two examples. Such confections can be solid, hollow, or filled with sweets or fondant.

In 1964, [[Roald Dahl]] published a children's novel titled ''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]''. The novel centers on a poor boy named Charlie Bucket who takes a tour through the greatest chocolate factory in the world, owned by the eccentric [[Willy Wonka]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Charlie and the Chocolate Factory |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Charlie-and-the-Chocolate-Factory-by-Dahl |access-date=30 September 2021 |work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |quote=The five children are greeted outside the factory by the eccentric visionary Willy Wonka. |archive-date=11 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011082110/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Charlie-and-the-Chocolate-Factory-by-Dahl |url-status=live }}</ref> Two film adaptations of the novel were produced: ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' (1971) and ''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]'' (2005). A third adaptation, an origin prequel film titled ''[[Wonka (film)|Wonka]]'', was released in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Timothée Chalamet to Play Young Willy Wonka in Warner Bros. Movie |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/timothee-chalamet-willy-wonka-movie-1234980218/ |access-date=27 June 2021 |work=Variety |archive-date=24 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524151500/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/timothee-chalamet-willy-wonka-movie-1234980218/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Chocolat (novel)|Chocolat]]'', a 1999 novel by [[Joanne Harris]], was adapted for film in ''[[Chocolat (2000 film)|Chocolat]]'' which was released a year later.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chocolat (2000)|website=[[BBFC]]|access-date=18 July 2021|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/chocolat-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmtyxntg|archive-date=18 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718073245/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/chocolat-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmtyxntg|url-status=live}}</ref>

Some artists have utilized chocolate in their art; [[Dieter Roth]] was influential in this beginning with his works in the 1960s casting human and animal figures in chocolate, which used the chocolate's inevitable decay to comment on contemporary attitudes towards the permanence of museum displays. Other works have played on the audience's ability to consume displayed chocolate, encouraged in [[Sonja Alhäuser]]'s ''Exhibition Basics'' (2001) and painfully disallowed in [[Edward Ruscha]]'s ''[[Chocolate Room]]'' (1970). In the 1980s and 90s, performance artists [[Karen Finley]] and [[Janine Antoni]] used chocolate's cultural popular associations of excrement and consumption, and desirability respectively to comment on the status of women in society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jandl |first=Stephanie S |title=The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-19-931339-6 |editor-last=Goldstein |editor-first=Darra |editor-link=Darra Goldstein |location= |pages=28–29 |chapter=Art}}</ref>