Editing Bermuda (section)

==Culture==
{{main|Culture of Bermuda}}
{{see also|Holidays in Bermuda}}[[File:An IOD sloop and a 19th Century Bermudian working boat in Bermuda.jpg|thumb|An [[International One Design|IOD]] sloop and a 19th-century Bermudian working boat in Bermuda]]
Bermuda's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots cultures were evident in the 17th century, and became part of the dominant British culture. English is the primary and official language. Due to 160 years of immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands (primarily the [[Azores]], though also from [[Madeira]] and the [[Cape Verde Islands]]), a portion of the population also speaks Portuguese. There are strong British influences, together with [[African diaspora|Afro-Caribbean]] ones.

The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian was ''[[Mary Prince#Publication of The History of Mary Prince|The History of Mary Prince]]'', a [[slave narrative]] by [[Mary Prince]]. The book was published in 1831 at the height of Great Britain's abolitionist movement.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Paquet |first=Sandra Pouchet|author-link=Sandra Pouchet Paquet |date=1992 |title=The Heartbeat of a West Indian Slave: The History of Mary Prince |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3042083 |url-status=live |journal=African American Review |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=131–146 |doi=10.2307/3042083 |issn=1062-4783 |jstor=3042083 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810082527/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3042083 |archive-date=10 August 2022 |access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref> [[Graham Ingham|Ernest Graham Ingham]], an expatriate author, published his books at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The novelist [[Brian Burland]] (1931– 2010) achieved a degree of success and acclaim internationally. More recently, [[Angela Barry]] has won critical recognition for her published fiction.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2017 |title=Bermuda Arts Council Annual Awards Ceremony |url=https://bernews.com/2017/10/bermuda-arts-council-annual-awards-ceremony/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727081858/https://bernews.com/2017/10/bermuda-arts-council-annual-awards-ceremony/ |archive-date=27 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=Bernews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 October 2017 |title=Salute to artistic giants |language=en-US |work=The Royal Gazette |url=https://www.royalgazette.com/other/news/article/20171024/salute-to-artistic-giants/ |url-status=live |access-date=27 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727082015/https://www.royalgazette.com/other/news/article/20171024/salute-to-artistic-giants/ |archive-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>

===Arts===
{{Main|Music of Bermuda|Architecture of Bermuda}}
West Indian musicians introduced [[calypso music]] when Bermuda's tourist industry was expanded with the increase of visitors brought by post-Second World War aviation. Local icons the [[The Talbot Brothers of Bermuda|Talbot Brothers]] performed calypso music for a number of decades both in Bermuda and the United States, and appeared on the ''[[Ed Sullivan Show]]''. While calypso appealed more to tourists than to the local residents, [[reggae]] has been embraced by a number of Bermudians since the 1970s with the influx of [[Jamaicans|Jamaican]] immigrants.
[[File:Gombey dancers from Bermuda2001.jpg|thumb|left|Gombey dancers from Bermuda at the 2001 [[Smithsonian Folklife Festival]] in Washington, D.C.]]
Noted Bermudian musicians include [[tenor|operatic tenor]] Gary Burgess; jazz pianist [[Lance Hayward]]; singer-songwriter and poet, [[Heather Nova]], and her brother [[Mishka (musician)|Mishka]], reggae musician; classical musician and conductor [[Kenneth Amis]]; and more recently, [[dancehall]] artist [[Collie Buddz]].

The dances of the [[Gombey]] dancers, seen at multiple events, are strongly influenced by African, Caribbean and British cultural traditions.

Alfred Birdsey was one of the more famous and talented watercolourists, known for his impressionistic landscapes of [[Hamilton, Bermuda|Hamilton]], [[St. George's, Bermuda|St George's]], and the surrounding sailboats, homes, and bays of Bermuda. Hand-carved cedar sculptures are another speciality. In 2010, his sculpture ''We Arrive'' was unveiled in Barr's Bay Park, overlooking [[Hamilton Harbour, Bermuda|Hamilton Harbour]], to commemorate the freeing of slaves in 1835 from the American brig ''[[Enterprise (slave ship)|Enterprise]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dale |first=Amanda |date=19 February 2010 |title=If there is a story that has the potential to bring all of us together, then this is the one |url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20100219/NEWS/302199930 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823174123/http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20100219/NEWS/302199930 |archive-date=23 August 2018 |access-date=22 August 2018 |website=[[The Royal Gazette (Bermuda)|The Royal Gazette]]}}</ref>

Local resident Tom Butterfield founded the [[Masterworks Museum of Bermuda Art]] in 1986, initially featuring works about Bermuda by artists from other countries. He began with pieces by American artists, such as [[Winslow Homer]], [[Charles Demuth]], and [[Georgia O'Keeffe]], who had lived and worked on Bermuda. In 2008, the museum opened its new building, constructed within the [[Bermuda Botanical Gardens|Botanical Gardens]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Masterworks Museum of Bermuda Art – official website |url=https://www.bermudamasterworks.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525073329/http://www.bermudamasterworks.com/ |archive-date=25 May 2013 |access-date=5 April 2013 |website=Bermudamasterworks.org}}</ref>

Bermuda hosts an annual international film festival, which shows multiple independent films. One of the founders is film producer and director [[Arthur Rankin Jr.]], co-founder of the [[Rankin/Bass]] production company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bermuda International Film Festival – official website |url=https://www.biff.bm/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823141847/https://www.biff.bm/ |archive-date=23 August 2018 |access-date=23 August 2018 |website=Biff.bm}}</ref>

===Sport===
{{main|Sports and recreation in Bermuda}}

[[File:95_Coy_RGA_team_and_Governor%27s_Cup_in_Bermuda_1917.jpg|thumb|The football team of 95 Company, [[Royal Garrison Artillery]], victors in the 1917 Governor's Cup football match, pose with the cup. The cup was contested annually by teams from the various Royal Navy, British Army [[Bermuda Garrison]], and Royal Air Force units stationed in Bermuda.]]

Many sports popular today were formalised by British [[Public school (United Kingdom)|public schools]] and universities in the 19th century. These schools produced the civil servants and military and naval officers required to build and maintain the [[British Empire]], and team sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team. Former public schoolboys continued to pursue these activities, and founded organisations such as [[the Football Association]] (FA).

Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere ensured that the naval and military officers quickly introduced the newly formalised sports to Bermuda, including [[cricket]], [[Association football|football]], [[rugby football]], and even [[Lawn tennis|tennis]] and [[Rowing (sport)|rowing]].

[[Bermuda national cricket team|Bermuda's national cricket team]] participated in the [[Cricket World Cup 2007]] in the West Indies but were knocked out of the World Cup. The [[Bermuda national football team]] managed to qualify to the [[2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup]], the country's first ever major football competition. In 2007, Bermuda hosted the 25th [[PGA Grand Slam of Golf]]. This 36-hole event was held on 16–17 October 2007, at the [[Mid Ocean Club]] in Tucker's Town. This season-ending tournament is limited to four golfers: the winners of the [[Masters Tournament|Masters]], [[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]], [[The Open Championship]] and [[PGA Championship]]. The event returned to Bermuda in 2008 and 2009. One-armed Bermudian golfer [[Quinn Talbot]] was both the United States National Amputee Golf Champion for five successive years and the British World One-Arm Golf Champion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Staff |url=https://www.oceanviewgolfclub.com/staff/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116201119/https://www.oceanviewgolfclub.com/staff/ |archive-date=16 January 2021 |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Oceanviewgolfclub.com}}</ref>

[[File:International One Design - Hamilton Harbour - Bermuda.jpg|thumb|left|upright|An [[International One Design|IOD]] racer on a mooring in [[Hamilton Harbour, Bermuda|Hamilton Harbour]]]]
The Government announced in 2006 that it would provide substantial financial support to Bermuda's cricket and [[Bermuda national football team|football]] teams. Football did not become popular with Bermudians until after the [[Second World War]]. Bermuda's most prominent footballers are [[Clyde Best]], [[Shaun Goater]], [[Kyle Lightbourne]], [[Reggie Lambe]], [[Sam Nusum]] and [[Nahki Wells]]. In 2006, the [[Bermuda Hogges]] were formed as the nation's first professional football team to raise the standard of play for the Bermuda national football team. The team played in the [[United Soccer Leagues Second Division]] but folded in 2013.<ref>[http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20130528/SPORT01/705269993 Hogges withdraw from league], ''Royal Gazette Online''. 28 May 2013</ref>

Sailing, fishing and [[Equestrianism|equestrian]] sports are popular with both residents and visitors alike. The prestigious [[Bermuda Race|Newport–Bermuda Yacht Race]] is a more than 100-year-old tradition, with boats racing between [[Newport, Rhode Island]], and Bermuda. In 2007, the 16th biennial [[Marion, Massachusetts|Marion]]-Bermuda yacht race occurred. A sport unique to Bermuda is racing the [[Bermuda Fitted Dinghy]]. [[International One Design]] racing also originated in Bermuda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bermuda International One Design Fleet |url=http://www.iodfleet.bm/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902080630/http://www.iodfleet.bm/ |archive-date=2 September 2009 |access-date=20 June 2010 |publisher=Iodfleet.bm}}</ref>

At the [[Bermuda at the 2004 Summer Olympics|2004 Summer Olympics]], Bermuda competed in sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events. In those Olympics, Bermuda's Katura Horton-Perinchief made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games. Bermuda has had two Olympic medallists, [[Clarence Hill (boxer)|Clarence Hill]] – who won a bronze medal in boxing – and [[Flora Duffy]], who won a gold medal in triathlon. It is tradition for Bermuda to march in the Opening Ceremony in [[Bermuda shorts]], regardless of the summer or winter Olympic celebration. Bermuda also competes in the biennial [[Island Games]], which it hosted in 2013.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/front_page/7387220.stm Bermuda set for 2013 Island Games]</ref>

In 1998, Bermuda established its own Basketball Association.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA National Federations – Bermuda |website=Fiba.com |url=http://fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/nfProf.asp?nationalFederationNumber=4697 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085850/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/nfProf.asp?nationalFederationNumber=4697 |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>