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=== Music === {{Unreferenced section|date=May 2023}} {{Main|Berber music|music of Algeria|music of Morocco}}[[File:Bendir.jpg|thumb|Bendir|left]] [[Berber music]] has a wide variety of regional styles. The best known are [[music of Morocco|Moroccan music]], the popular [[Gasba music|Gasba]], Kabyle and [[Chawi]] music of Algeria, and the widespread Tuareg music of Burkina Faso, Niger, and Mali. Instruments used include the [[bendir]] (large drums) and the [[guembri]] (a [[lute]]). There are three varieties of Berber folk music: village music, ritual music, and the music performed by professional musicians. Village music is performed collectively for dancing, including [[ahidus]] and [[ahouach]] dances, which each begin with a chanted prayer. Ritual music is performed at regular ceremonies to celebrate marriages and other important life events, and is also used as protection against evil spirits. Professional musicians ({{lang|ber-Latn|imdyazn}}) travel in groups of four, led by a poet ({{lang|ber-Latn|amydaz}}). The amydaz recites improvised poems, often accompanied by drums and a [[Rebab|rabab]] (a one-stringed [[fiddle]]), along with a {{lang|ber-Latn|bou oughanim}} who plays a [[double clarinet]] and acts as a [[clown]] for the group. The [[Chleuh]] Berbers have professional musicians called {{lang|ber-Latn|rwai}}s who play in ensembles consisting of [[lute]]s, rababs, and [[cymbal]]s, with any number of vocalists. The leader, or {{lang|ber-Latn|rayes}}, leads the group in its music and [[choreography]]. These performances begin with an instrumental {{lang|ber-Latn|astara}} on rabab, which also gives the notes of the melody which follows. The next phase is the {{lang|ber-Latn|amarg}}, or sung poetry, and then {{lang|ber-Latn|ammussu}}, a danced overture, {{lang|ber-Latn|tammust}}, an energetic song, {{lang|ber-Latn|aberdag}}, a dance, and finally the rhythmically swift {{lang|ber-Latn|tabbayt}}. There is some variation in the order of the presentation, but the {{lang|ber-Latn|astara}} is always at the beginning, and the {{lang|ber-Latn|tabbayt}} always at the end. [[File:Detaille - Fantasia de spahis.jpg|upright=0.8|thumb|The [[Fantasia (culture)|fantasia]] festival, 19th-century illustration]] Traditional Berber festivals include [[Fantasia (culture)|Fantasia]], [[Imilchil]] marriage festival and [[Goulmima#Udayn n Acur|Udayn n Acur]].
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