Editing Arnold Schwarzenegger (section)

==== Health problems ====
Schwarzenegger was born with a [[bicuspid aortic valve]], an aortic valve with only two leaflets, where a normal aortic valve has three.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 18, 1997 |title=Surgery Leaves Star Undimmed |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/NEWS+LITE+:+SURGERY+LEAVES+STAR+UNDIMMED-a083864140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024054528/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/NEWS+LITE+:+SURGERY+LEAVES+STAR+UNDIMMED-a083864140 |archive-date=October 24, 2012 |access-date=July 29, 2008 |work=The Free Library |publisher=Farlex}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Starnes |first=Dr. Vaughn A. |date=March 8, 2001 |title=Renowned Cardiac Surgeon Proclaims Medical "Facts" In Article "Represent No Facts At All" |url=http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/news/uptotheminute/news_uptotheminute_eng_legacy_18.asp?sec=news&subsec=uptotheminute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523203941/http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/news/uptotheminute/news_uptotheminute_eng_legacy_18.asp%3Fsec%3Dnews%26subsec%3Duptotheminute |archive-date=May 23, 2008 |access-date=March 3, 2009}}</ref> He opted in 1997 for a replacement heart valve made from his own [[pulmonary valve]], which itself was replaced with a cadaveric pulmonic valve, in a [[Ross procedure]]; medical experts predicted he would require pulmonic heart valve replacement surgery within the next two to eight years because his valve would progressively degrade. Schwarzenegger apparently opted against a mechanical valve, the only permanent solution available at the time of his surgery, because it would have sharply limited his physical activity and capacity to exercise.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 18, 1997 |title=Schwarzenegger Has Elective Heart Surgery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/18/us/schwarzenegger-has-elective-heart-surgery.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530084553/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E6D9113FF93BA25757C0A961958260 |archive-date=May 30, 2008 |access-date=December 29, 2021 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>

On March 29, 2018, Schwarzenegger underwent emergency open-heart surgery for replacement of his replacement pulmonic valve.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 30, 2018 |title='I'm back': Arnold Schwarzenegger in stable condition after heart surgery |url=https://news.sky.com/story/arnold-schwarzenegger-undergoes-emergency-open-heart-surgery-11310002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330161050/https://news.sky.com/story/arnold-schwarzenegger-undergoes-emergency-open-heart-surgery-11310002 |archive-date=March 30, 2018 |access-date=March 30, 2018 |publisher=[[Sky News]]}}</ref> He said about his recovery: "I underwent open-heart surgery this spring, I had to use a walker. I had to do breathing exercises five times a day to retrain my lungs. I was frustrated and angry, and in my worst moments, I couldn't see the way back to my old self."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwarzenegger |first=Arnold |date=December 12, 2018 |title=Schwarzenegger: How I fought my way back to fitness |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/11/opinions/arnold-schwarzenegger-fitness-takes-work-dont-give-up/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212161636/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/11/opinions/arnold-schwarzenegger-fitness-takes-work-dont-give-up/index.html |archive-date=December 12, 2018 |publisher=CNN}}</ref>

In 2020, 23 years after his first surgery, Schwarzenegger underwent a surgery for a new aortic valve.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Lee |first1=Janet W. |last2=McNary |first2=Dave |date=October 24, 2020 |title=Arnold Schwarzenegger in 'Fantastic' Condition Following Heart Surgery |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/arnold-schwarzenegger-heart-surgery-2-1234814637/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118201500/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/arnold-schwarzenegger-heart-surgery-2-1234814637/ |archive-date=November 18, 2021 |access-date=November 18, 2021 |magazine=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>