Editing Andrew Carnegie (section)

===World peace===
[[File:Stamp-andrew-carnegie.jpg|thumb|Carnegie commemorated as an industrialist, philanthropist, and founder of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1960<ref>"[http://arago.si.edu/flash/?tid=2027477|s1=1 Andrew Carnegie Issue] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422214535/http://www.arago.si.edu/flash/?tid=2027477%7Cs1%3D1 |date=April 22, 2009 }}", Arago: people, postage & the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 27, 2014</ref>]] 
Influenced by his "favorite living hero in public life", [[John Bright]], Carnegie started his efforts in pursuit of world peace at a young age,<ref>''[[#Biography|Autobiography]]'', Ch. 21, pp. 282–83</ref> and he supported causes that opposed [[military intervention]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2017/04/06/examining-american-peace-movement-prior-world-war-i |title=Examining the American peace movement prior to World War I |date=April 6, 2017 |access-date=August 7, 2018 |archive-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218195550/https://www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2017/04/06/examining-american-peace-movement-prior-world-war-i |url-status=live }}</ref> His motto, "All is well since all grows better", served not only as a good rationalization of his successful business career but also his view of international relations.

Despite his efforts towards international peace, Carnegie faced many dilemmas on his quest. These dilemmas are often regarded as conflicts between his view on international relations and his other loyalties. Throughout the 1880s and 1890s, for example, Carnegie allowed his steel works to fill large orders of armor plate for the building of an enlarged and modernized United States Navy, but he opposed American overseas expansion.<ref>Carnegie, ''An American Four-in-Hand in Britain'' (New York, 1883), pp. 14–15.</ref>

Despite that, Carnegie served as a major donor for the newly established [[International Court of Arbitration]]'s [[Peace Palace]]—brainchild of Russian tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]].<ref name="MoscowTimes">{{cite web |last1=Gay |first1=Mark H |title=The Hague Peace Palace Keeps Tsar's Vision Alive |url=http://old.themoscowtimes.com/guides/eng/russia--holland-2013/488749/the-hague-peace-palace-keeps-tsars-vision-alive/508994.html |website=The Moscow Times |access-date=August 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808232924/http://old.themoscowtimes.com/guides/eng/russia--holland-2013/488749/the-hague-peace-palace-keeps-tsars-vision-alive/508994.html |archive-date=August 8, 2016 |date=November 10, 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace_-_Dupont_Circle.JPG|thumb|left|upright=0.9|The Washington, D.C. headquarters of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]
His largest and, in the long run, most influential peace organization was the [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]], formed in 1910 with a $10 million endowment.<ref>David S. Patterson,"Andrew Carnegie's quest for world peace." ''Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society'' 114.5 (1970): 371–383. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/985802 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007145424/https://www.jstor.org/stable/985802 |date=October 7, 2018 }}</ref> In 1913, at the dedication of the Peace Palace in The Hague, Carnegie predicted that the end of the war was ''as certain to come, and come soon, as day follows night.''<ref>Cited in Bruno Tertrais "The Demise of Ares: The End of War as We Know It?" ''The Washington Quarterly'', 35/3, (2012): p. 17.
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In 1914, on the eve of the First World War, Carnegie founded the Church Peace Union (CPU), a group of leaders in religion, academia, and politics. Through the CPU, Carnegie hoped to mobilize the world's churches, religious organizations, and other spiritual and moral resources to join in promoting moral leadership to put an end to war forever. For its inaugural international event, the CPU sponsored a conference to be held on August 1, 1914, on the shores of Lake Constance in southern Germany. As the delegates made their way to the conference by train, Germany was invading Belgium.

Despite its inauspicious beginning, the CPU thrived. Today its focus is on ethics, and it is known as the [[Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs]], an independent, nonpartisan, nonprofit organization, whose mission is to be the voice for ethics in international affairs.

The outbreak of the First World War was clearly a shock to Carnegie and his optimistic view on world peace. Although his promotion of [[anti-imperialism]] and world peace had all failed, and the Carnegie Endowment had not fulfilled his expectations, his beliefs and ideas on international relations had helped build the foundation of the [[League of Nations]] after his death, which took world peace to another level.