Editing Agent Orange (section)

==Cleanup programs==
In February 2012, Monsanto agreed to settle a case covering dioxin contamination around a plant in [[Nitro, West Virginia]], that had manufactured Agent Orange. Monsanto agreed to pay up to $9 million for cleanup of affected homes, $84 million for medical monitoring of people affected, and the community's legal fees.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-02-24/monsanto-says-it-settled-west-virginia-lawsuits-over-nitro-plant |title=Monsanto Settles West Virginia Lawsuits Over Nitro Plant |last=Kaskey |first=Jack |date=February 24, 2012 |publisher=Bloomburg |access-date=26 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302023817/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-02-24/monsanto-says-it-settled-west-virginia-lawsuits-over-nitro-plant |archive-date=2 March 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wvgazettemail.com/News/201311220094|title=Supreme Court affirms Monsanto pollution settlement in Nitro|date=November 22, 2013|work=Charleston Gazette-Mail|last1=Ward|first1=Ken Jr. |access-date=30 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205022132/http://www.wvgazettemail.com/News/201311220094|archive-date=5 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 9 August 2012, the United States and Vietnam began a cooperative cleaning up of the toxic chemical on part of [[Da Nang International Airport]], marking the first time the U.S. government has been involved in cleaning up Agent Orange in Vietnam. Danang was the primary storage site of the chemical. Two other cleanup sites the United States and Vietnam are looking at is [[Biên Hòa]], in the southern province of [[Đồng Nai Province|Đồng Nai]] is a hotspot for dioxin and so is [[Phù Cát]] airport in the central province of [[Bình Định]], says U.S. Ambassador to Vietnam [[David Shear]]. According to the Vietnamese newspaper ''[[Nhân Dân]]'', the U.S. government provided $41 million to the project. As of 2017, some {{convert|110,000|m3|abbr=on}} of soil have been cleaned.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://phys.org/news/2016-10-vietnam-danang-dioxin-clean-up.html|title=Vietnam, US launch Danang dioxin clean-up|date=October 18, 2016|work=Phys.org|access-date=2017-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301160741/https://phys.org/news/2016-10-vietnam-danang-dioxin-clean-up.html|archive-date=2017-03-01|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vietnam-usa-agentorange-idUSBRE87803K20120809|title=U.S. starts its first Agent Orange cleanup in Vietnam|last=Ho|first=Binh Minh|date=August 9, 2012|access-date=March 30, 2017|work=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016051735/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/09/us-vietnam-usa-agentorange-idUSBRE87803K20120809|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Naval Construction Battalion Center (Gulfport, Mississippi)|Naval Construction Battalion Center]] at Gulfport, Mississippi was the largest storage site in the United States for Agent Orange.<ref name="WLOX"/> It was about {{convert|30|acre|abbr=on}} in size and was still being cleaned up in 2013.<ref name="WLOX">{{cite news |title=Agent Orange clean at Navy Seabee base is the focus at public meeting |first=Natalie |last=Campen |work=WLOX |location=Gulfport, Mississippi |date=July 9, 2013 |url=http://www.wlox.com/story/22793893/agent-orange-clean-at-navy-seabee-base-is-the-focus-at-public-meeting/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228191918/http://www.wlox.com/story/22793893/agent-orange-clean-at-navy-seabee-base-is-the-focus-at-public-meeting/ |archive-date=2019-02-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |title=Public Health Assessment, Naval Construction Battalion Center Gulfport, Mississippi, Facility No. MS2170022626 |date=April 2005 |author=((Federal Facilities Assessment Branch, Division of Health Assessment and Consultation, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)) |url=https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/pha/navalconstructionbattalioncentergulfport/ncbcgulfportfinalrelease041205.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504173628/https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/pha/NavalConstructionBattalionCenterGulfport/NCBCGulfportFinalRelease041205.pdf |archive-date=2017-05-04}}</ref>

In 2016, the EPA laid out its plan for cleaning up an {{convert|8|mi|abbr=on}} stretch of the Passaic River in New Jersey, with an estimated cost of $1.4 billion. The contaminants reached to Newark Bay and other waterways, according to the EPA, which has designated the area a [[Superfund]] site.<ref name="wsj.com"/> Since destruction of the dioxin requires high temperatures over {{convert|1,000|C|abbr=on}}, the destruction process is energy intensive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs225/en/|title=Dioxins and their effects on human health|website=World Health Organization|date=October 4, 2016|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409235849/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs225/en/|archive-date=2017-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref>