Editing Wichita, Kansas (section)

==Infrastructure==
===Flood control===
Wichita suffered severe floods of the Arkansas river in 1877, 1904, 1916, 1923, 1944, 1951 and 1955. In 1944 the city flooded 3 times in 11 days.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tanner|first1=Beccy|title=Ad Astra: Idea for Big Ditch grew after Wichita had sustained series of major floods|url=http://www.kansas.com/news/article1120671.html|website=kansas.com|publisher=The Wichita Eagle|access-date=March 24, 2015|date=August 11, 2013}}</ref>
As a result of the 1944 flood, the idea for the [[Wichita-Valley Center Floodway]] (locally known as the "Big Ditch") was conceived. The project was completed in 1958. The Big Ditch diverts part of the Arkansas River's flow around west-central Wichita, running roughly parallel to the [[Interstate 235 (Kansas)|Interstate 235]] bypass.<ref name=CityMap/><ref>{{cite web | title = Storm Water Management | publisher = City of Wichita | url = http://www.wichita.gov/CityOffices/PublicWorks/StormWater/ | access-date = January 1, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110219020914/http://www.wichita.gov/CityOffices/PublicWorks/StormWater/ | archive-date = February 19, 2011 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> A second flood control canal lies between the lanes of [[Interstate 135]], running south through the central part of the city. Chisholm Creek is diverted into this canal for most of its length.<ref name=CityMap/><ref name=USACE>{{cite web | title = Wichita and Valley Center Local Protection Project | publisher = [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] | url = http://www.swt.usace.army.mil/PROJECTS/civil/civil_projects.cfm?number=48 | access-date = January 1, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927131224/http://www.swt.usace.army.mil/PROJECTS/civil/civil_projects.cfm?number=48 | archive-date = September 27, 2011 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref>  The city's flood defenses were tested in the [[Great Flood of 1993]]. Flooding that year kept the Big Ditch full for more than a month and caused $6 million of damage to the flood control infrastructure. The damage was not fully repaired until 2007.<ref>{{cite web|agency=Associated Press|title=Flood-control ditch needs $6M in repairs|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2007/jun/20/floodcontrol_ditch_needs_6m_repairs/|website=Lawrence Journal World|access-date=March 24, 2015}}</ref> In 2019, the Floodway was renamed the [[MS Mitch Mitchell Floodway]] in honor of the man credited for its creation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.kwch.com/content/news/Big-Ditch-renamed-in-honor-of-man-credited-for-saving-Wichita-512187362.html|title=Big Ditch Renamed In Honor Of Man Credited For Saving Wichita|date=July 3, 2019|work=KWCH TV}}</ref>

===Utilities===
[[Evergy]] provides electricity.<ref>{{cite web | title = History | publisher = Evergy | url = https://www.evergy.com/about-evergy/history | access-date = October 24, 2021}}</ref> [[Kansas Gas Service]] provides [[natural gas]].<ref>{{cite web | title = About Us | publisher = Kansas Gas Service | url = https://www.kansasgasservice.com/about-us/about-us | access-date = August 13, 2018 | archive-date = August 14, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180814035922/https://www.kansasgasservice.com/about-us/about-us | url-status = dead }}</ref> The City of Wichita provide water and sewer.<ref>{{cite web | title = Public Works & Utilities | publisher = City of Wichita, Kansas | url = http://www.wichita.gov/PWU/Pages/default.aspx | access-date = August 13, 2018}}</ref> Multiple privately owned trash haulers, licensed by the county government, offer trash removal and recycling service.<ref>{{cite web | title = Trash in Sedgwick County | publisher = Sedgwick County, Kansas | url = https://www.sedgwickcounty.org/environment/trash/ | access-date = August 13, 2018}}</ref>  [[Cox Communications]] and [[Spectrum (cable service)|Spectrum]] offer cable television, and [[AT&T U-Verse]] offers [[IPTV]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Summary of Cable TV Providers in Wichita, KS | publisher = CableTV.com | url = https://www.cabletv.com/ks/wichita | access-date = August 13, 2018}}</ref> All three also offer home telephone and broadband internet service.<ref>{{cite web | title = Summary of Wichita Internet Providers | publisher = HighSpeedInternet.com | url = https://www.highspeedinternet.com/ks/wichita | access-date = August 13, 2018}}</ref>  Satellite TV is offered by [[DIRECTV]] and [[Dish Network|DISH]]. Satellite internet is available from [[Viasat (American company)|Viasat]], [[Hughes Network Systems|Hughes]], and soon [[Starlink]].

===Health care===
Ascension Via Christi operates three general medical and surgical hospitals in Wichita—Via Christi Hospital St. Francis, Via Christi Hospital St. Joseph, and Via Christi Hospital St. Teresa—and other specialized medical facilities.<ref>{{cite web | title = Via Christi hospitals | publisher = Via Christi Health | url = https://www.viachristi.org/locations/hospitals | access-date = August 10, 2018}}</ref> The [[Hospital Corporation of America]] manages a fourth general hospital, [[Wesley Medical Center]], along with satellite locations around the city.<ref>{{cite web | title = Locations – KS | publisher = Hospital Corporation of America | url = https://hcahealthcare.com/locations/?state=KS | access-date = August 10, 2018}}</ref>  All four hospitals provide emergency services. In addition, the [[U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs]] runs the Robert J. Dole VA Medical Center, a primary and secondary care facility for U.S. military veterans.<ref name=VA/>

===Transportation===
====Highway====
[[File:Kta 042.jpg|thumb|Interstate 135 begins at this exit from the Kansas Turnpike (Interstate 35) in south-central Wichita.]]

The average commute time in Wichita was 18.2 minutes from 2013 to 2017.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/wichitacitykansas Quickfacts: Wichita City, Kansas] U.S. Census.</ref> Several federal and state highways pass through the city. [[Interstate 35]], as the [[Kansas Turnpike]], enters the city from the south and turns northeast, running along the city's southeastern edge and exiting through the eastern part of the city. [[Interstate 135]] runs generally north-south through the city, its southern terminus lying at its interchange with I-35 in south-central Wichita. [[Interstate 235 (Kansas)|Interstate 235]], a [[Bypass (road)|bypass]] route, passes through north-central, west, and south-central Wichita, traveling around the central parts of the city. Both its northern and southern termini are interchanges with I-135. [[U.S. Route 54 in Kansas|U.S. Routes 54]] and [[U.S. Route 400|400]] run concurrently through Wichita as Kellogg Avenue, the city's primary east-west artery, with interchanges, from west to east, with I-235, I-135, and I-35. [[U.S. Route 81 in Kansas|U.S. Route 81]], a north–south route, enters Wichita from the south as Broadway, turns east as 47th Street South for approximately half a mile, and then runs concurrently north with I-135 through the rest of the city. [[K-96 (Kansas highway)|K-96]], an east–west route, enters the city from the northwest, runs concurrently with I-235 through north-central Wichita, turns south for approximately a mile, running concurrently with I-135 before splitting off to the east and traveling around northeastern Wichita, ultimately terminating at an interchange with U.S. 54/U.S. 400 in the eastern part of the city. [[K-254 (Kansas highway)|K-254]] begins at I-235's interchange with I-135 in north-central Wichita and exits the city to the northeast. [[K-15 (Kansas highway)|K-15]], a north–south route, enters the city from the south and joins I-135 and U.S. 81 in south-central Wichita, running concurrently with them through the rest of the city. [[K-42 (Kansas highway)|K-42]] enters the city from the southwest and terminates at its interchange with U.S. 54/U.S. 400 in west-central Wichita.<ref name=CityMap/>

====Bus====
[[Wichita Transit]] operates 53 buses on 18 fixed bus routes within the city. The organization reports over 2 million trips per year (5,400 trips per day) on its fixed routes. Wichita Transit also operates a demand response [[paratransit]] service with 320,800 passenger trips annually.<ref>{{cite web | title = Wichita Transit | publisher = City of Wichita | url = http://www.wichita.gov/CityOffices/Transit/ | access-date = January 8, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114223518/http://wichita.gov/CityOffices/Transit/ | archive-date = January 14, 2011 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> A 2005 study ranked Wichita near the bottom of the fifty largest American cities in terms of percentage of commuters using public transit. Only 0.5% used it to get to or from work.<ref>{{cite web | last = Christie | first = Les | title = New Yorkers are top transit users | website = CNNmoney.com | url = https://money.cnn.com/2007/06/13/real_estate/public_transit_commutes/index.htm | access-date = June 29, 2007 | date=June 13, 2007}}</ref>

[[Greyhound Lines]] provides intercity bus service northeast to [[Topeka, Kansas|Topeka]] and south to [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]]. Bus service is provided daily north towards [[Salina, Kansas|Salina]] and west towards [[Pueblo, Colorado]] by BeeLine Express (subcontractor of [[Greyhound Lines]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beeline-express.com/|title=Beeline Express|website=beeline-express.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.greyhound.com/|title=Home|website=greyhound.com|access-date=January 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906232014/https://www.greyhound.com/|archive-date=September 6, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Greyhound bus station that was built in 1961 at 312 S Broadway closed in 2016, and services relocated 1 block northeast to the [[Wichita Transit]] station at 777 E Waterman.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article52756815.html|title=Greyhound relocating to city's downtown transit station|website=kansas.com}}</ref>

====Air====
The Wichita Airport Authority manages the city's two main public airports, [[Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport]] and [[Colonel James Jabara Airport]].<ref name=WAA>{{cite web | title = Mid-Continent Airport History | publisher = Wichita Airport Authority | url = http://www.flywichita.com/MCA-history.php | access-date = January 9, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101215054522/http://flywichita.com/MCA-history.php | archive-date = December 15, 2010 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Located in the western part of the city, Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport is the city's primary airport as well as the largest airport in Kansas.<ref name=CityMap/><ref name=WAA/> Seven commercial airlines (Alaska, Allegiant, American, Delta, Frontier, Southwest & United) serve Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport with non-stop flights to several U.S. [[airline hub]]s.<ref>{{cite web | title = Airline Information | publisher = Wichita Airport Authority | url = http://www.flywichita.com/airline-information.php | access-date = January 9, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101215053716/http://flywichita.com/airline-information.php | archive-date = December 15, 2010 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Jabara Airport is a [[general aviation]] facility on the city's northeast side.<ref>{{cite web | title = KAAO - Colonel James Jabara Airport | publisher = AirNav.com | url = http://www.airnav.com/airport/KAAO | access-date = January 9, 2011}}</ref> The city also has several privately owned airports. [[Cessna Aircraft Field]] and [[Beech Factory Airport]], operated by manufacturers Cessna and Beechcraft, respectively, lie in east Wichita.<ref>{{cite web | title = KCEA - Cessna Aircraft Field Airport | publisher = AirNav.com | url = http://www.airnav.com/airport/KCEA | access-date = January 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = KBEC - Beech Factory Airport | publisher = AirNav.com | url = http://www.airnav.com/airport/KBEC | access-date = January 9, 2011}}</ref> Two smaller airports, Riverside Airport and Westport Airport, are in west Wichita.<ref>{{cite web | title = K32 - Riverside Airport | publisher = AirNav.com | url = http://www.airnav.com/airport/K32 | access-date = January 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = 71K - Westport Airport | publisher = AirNav.com | url = http://www.airnav.com/airport/71K | access-date = January 9, 2011}}</ref>

====Rail====
[[File:Wichita Kansas Former Train Station (3616104314).jpg|thumb|[[Union Station (Wichita, Kansas)|Union Station]], Wichita's former passenger rail station (2009)]]

Two [[Class I railroad]]s, [[BNSF Railway]] and [[Union Pacific Railroad|Union Pacific Railroad (UP)]], operate freight rail lines through Wichita.<ref name=Metro>{{cite web | title = Getting Around the Metro Area | publisher = Wichita Metro Chamber of Commerce | url = http://www.wichitakansas.org/economic_development-wichita_metro_profile-transportation.php | access-date = January 9, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110119024104/http://www.wichitakansas.org/economic_development-wichita_metro_profile-transportation.php | archive-date = January 19, 2011 | url-status = dead }}</ref> UP's OKT Line runs generally north-south through the city; north of downtown, the line consists of trackage leased to BNSF.<ref name=CityMap/><ref>{{cite web | title = UPRR Common Line Names | publisher = [[Union Pacific Railroad]] | url = http://www.uprr.com/aboutup/maps/graphics/upcomnam2.gif | access-date = January 9, 2011}}</ref> An additional UP line enters the city from the northeast and terminates downtown.<ref name=CityMap/> BNSF's main line through the city enters from the north, passes through downtown, and exits to the southeast, paralleling highway K-15.<ref name=CityMap/><ref>{{cite web | title = Kansas Operating Division | publisher = [[BNSF Railway]] | date = April 1, 2009 | url = http://www.bnsf.com/customers/pdf/maps/div_ks.pdf | access-date = January 9, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110325001559/http://www.bnsf.com/customers/pdf/maps/div_ks.pdf | archive-date = March 25, 2011 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> The [[Wichita Terminal Association]], a joint operation between BNSF and UP, provides [[switching (railroad)|switching]] service on three miles (5&nbsp;km) of track downtown.<ref>{{cite web | title = Rail Plan 2005-2006 | publisher = [[Kansas Department of Transportation]] | pages = 66–67 | url = http://www.ksdot.org/burrail/rail/publications/ksrailpln06.pdf | access-date = January 9, 2011}}</ref> In addition, two lines of the [[Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad]] enter the city, one from the northwest and the other from the southwest, both terminating at their junction in west-central Wichita.<ref name=CityMap/>

Wichita has not had passenger rail service since 1979.<ref>{{cite news | last = Wistrom | first = Brent | title = Proposed Amtrak line would mean millions for Wichita | newspaper = [[USA Today]] | date = January 11, 2010 | url = https://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2010-01-11-amtrak-northern-flyer-wichita_N.htm | access-date = January 9, 2011 | archive-date = November 26, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111126033331/http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2010-01-11-amtrak-northern-flyer-wichita_N.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> The nearest [[Amtrak]] station is in [[Newton, Kansas|Newton]] {{convert|25|mi|km}} north, offering service on the ''[[Southwest Chief]]'' line between [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] and [[Chicago]].<ref name=Metro/> Amtrak offers bus service from downtown Wichita to its [[Newton station (Kansas)|station in Newton]] as well as to its [[Santa Fe Depot (Oklahoma City)|station]] in [[Oklahoma City]], the northern terminus of the ''[[Heartland Flyer]]'' line.<ref>{{cite web | title = Thruway Bus Connection ties two Amtrak routes together through Wichita | publisher = Amtrak | date = April 18, 2016 | url = http://media.amtrak.com/2016/04/wichita-returns-to-the-amtrak-map/ | access-date = March 7, 2017 | archive-date = March 8, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170308045301/http://media.amtrak.com/2016/04/wichita-returns-to-the-amtrak-map/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

====Walkability====
A 2014 study by [[Walk Score]] ranked Wichita 41st most walkable of fifty largest U.S. cities.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.walkscore.com/KS/Wichita | title=City and Neighborhood Rankings | publisher=Walk Score | year=2014 | access-date=February 16, 2015}}</ref>

====Cycling====
After numerous citizen surveys showed Wichitans want better bicycle infrastructure, The Wichita Bicycle Master Plan, a set of guidelines toward the development of a 149-mile Priority Bicycle Network, was endorsed by the Wichita City Council on February 5, 2013, as a guide to future infrastructure planning and development. As a result, Wichita's bikeways covered 115 miles of the city by 2018. One-third of the bikeways were added between 2011, when the plan was still in development, and 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wichita.gov:80/Planning/Pages/BicycleMasterPlan.aspx|title=Wichita-Sedgwick County Planning Wichita Bicycle Master Plan|website=www.wichita.gov|language=en-US|access-date=January 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kansas.com/news/business/forward/article203818959.html|title=Wichita builds on bike-friendly status|website=kansas|language=en|access-date=January 1, 2019}}</ref>