Editing Vowel harmony (section)

===Yokuts===

Vowel harmony is present in all [[Yokutsan languages]] and dialects. For instance, [[Yawelmani language|Yawelmani]] has 4 vowels (which additionally may be either [[Vowel length|long]] or short). These can be grouped as in the table below.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! || Unrounded || Rounded
|-
! High
| {{IPA|i}} || {{IPA|u}}
|-
! Low
| {{IPA|a}} || {{IPA|ɔ}}
|-
|}

Vowels in suffixes must harmonize with either {{IPA|/u/}} or its non-{{IPA|/u/}} counterparts or with {{IPA|/ɔ/}} or non-{{IPA|/ɔ/}} counterparts. For example, the vowel in the [[aorist]] suffix appears as {{IPA|/u/}} when it follows a {{IPA|/u/}} in the root, but when it follows all other vowels it appears as {{IPA|/i/}}. Similarly, the vowel in the nondirective gerundial suffix appears as {{IPA|/ɔ/}} when it follows an {{IPA|/ɔ/}} in the root; otherwise it appears as {{IPA|/a/}}.

{| class="wikitable"
! Word || IPA || Comment
|-
| ''-hun''/''-hin'' || &nbsp; || (aorist suffix)
|-
| ''muṭhun'' || {{IPA|[muʈhun]}} || 'swear (aorist)'
|-
| ''giy̓hin'' || {{IPA|[ɡijˀhin]}} || 'touch (aorist)'
|-
| ''gophin'' || {{IPA|[ɡɔphin]}} || 'take of infant (aorist)'
|-
| ''xathin'' || {{IPA|[xathin]}} || 'eat (aorist)'
|-
| ''-tow''/''-taw'' || &nbsp; || (nondirective gerundial suffix)
|-
| ''goptow'' || {{IPA|[ɡɔptɔw]}} || 'take care of infant (nondir. ger.)'
|-
| ''giy̓taw'' || {{IPA|[ɡijˀtaw]}} || 'touch (nondir. ger.)'
|-
| ''muṭtaw'' || {{IPA|[muʈtaw]}} || 'swear (nondir. ger.)'
|-
| ''xattaw'' || {{IPA|[xatːaw]}} || 'eat (nondir. ger.)'
|}

In addition to the harmony found in suffixes, there is a harmony restriction on word stems where in stems with more than one syllable all vowels are required to be of the same lip rounding and tongue height dimensions. For example, a stem must contain all high rounded vowels or all low rounded vowels, etc. This restriction is further complicated by (i) long high vowels being lowered and (ii) an [[epenthetic vowel]] {{IPA|[i]}} which does not harmonize with stem vowels.