Editing Tokyo (section)

=== Rail ===
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| image1            = JR東日本在来線.jpg
| caption1          = [[East Japan Railway Company|JR East]] operates the largest commuter train network in Tokyo as well as intercity services.
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| image2            = JR Series-N700S-J30 Nozomi-4.jpg
| caption2          = The [[Shinkansen]] connects major cities around the country to Tokyo.
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Rail is the primary mode of transportation in Tokyo,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chorus |first1=Paul |title=Transit Oriented Development: Making it Happen |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-00732-6 |pages=245–258 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8fmXCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT270 |language=en |chapter=Transit oriented development in Tokyo |access-date=March 3, 2022 |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724235119/https://books.google.com/books?id=8fmXCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT270#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> which has the most extensive urban railway network in the world and an equally extensive network of surface lines. [[East Japan Railway Company|JR East]] operates Tokyo's largest railway network, including the [[Yamanote Line]] loop that circles central Tokyo. It operates rail lines throughout the entire metropolitan area of Tokyo and the rest of northeastern Honshu. JR East is also responsible for the [[Shinkansen]] high-speed rail lines that link Tokyo and the Northeastern cities of Japan ([[Jōetsu Shinkansen|Joetsu Shinkansen]], [[Tōhoku Shinkansen|Tohoku/Hokkaido Shinkansen]], [[Yamagata Shinkansen]], [[Akita Shinkansen]], [[Hokuriku Shinkansen]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train & Routes {{!}} JR-EAST |url=https://www.jreast.co.jp/multi/en/traininformation/ |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=JR-EAST - East Japan Railway Company |language=en |archive-date=May 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519182505/https://www.jreast.co.jp/multi/en/traininformation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Tokaido Shinkansen]], which links Tokyo and [[Osaka]] via [[Nagoya]] and [[Kyoto]], as well as western cities beyond, is operated by [[Central Japan Railway Company|JR Central]]. The [[Chūō Shinkansen|Chuo Shinkansen]], the first-ever long-distance high-speed floating maglev line currently under construction, will also be operated by JR Central. Both JR companies were created from the privatization of [[Japanese National Railways|Japan National Railways]] in 1987. [[Japan Freight Railway Company|JR Freight]] does not own any part of the railway network but operates freight trains on the [[Japan Railways Group|JR network]].
Two different entities operate Tokyo's underground railway network: the privatized [[Tokyo Metro]], which operates Tokyo Metro lines, and the governmental [[Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation]], which operates Toei lines. Tokyo Metro is entirely owned by the [[Government of Japan|Japanese Government]] and the [[Tokyo Metropolitan Government]] since it was privatized in 2004 (it was previously a public entity called the ''Imperial Capital Rapid Transit Authority'' from 1941 to 2004), but it is scheduled to go public in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-27 |title=Tokyo Metro is scheduled to go public in 2024; the government is selling 50% of the shares it has |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO78016940W4A120C2MM8000/ |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=[[The Nikkei]] |language=ja |archive-date=May 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526092737/https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO78016940W4A120C2MM8000/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Other major railway operators in Tokyo include [[Odakyu Electric Railway|Odakyu]], [[Tokyu Corporation|Tokyu]], [[Keio Corporation|Keio]], [[Seibu Railway|Seibu]], [[Tobu Railway|Tobu]], and [[Keisei Electric Railway|Keisei]]. Although each operator directly owns its railway lines, services that travel across different lines owned by different operators are common.

Tokyo once had an extensive tram network, with a total distance of 213&nbsp;km (''[[Tokyo Toden]]''). However, similar to other major cities worldwide, the age of motorization since the 1950s made it considered unfit to share busy roads with cars. Today, only one line, the [[Toden Arakawa Line|Arakawa line]], remains.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-19 |title=Remembering "Toden" |url=https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/233836 |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=東洋経済オンライン |language=ja |archive-date=May 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526092743/https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/233836 |url-status=live }}</ref>