Editing South America (section)

===Ethnic demographics===
{{main|Ethnic groups in South America}}
[[File:Japanese Brazilian Miko Curitiba Paraná.jpg|thumb|upright|A Japanese-Brazilian [[Miko]] during a festival in [[Curitiba]]]]
[[File:Festuva.jpg|thumb|President of Brazil Lula and members of the [[Italian Brazilian]] community during the Grape Festival at [[Caxias do Sul]]]]
[[File:Quechuawomanandchild.jpg|thumb|[[Peruvian]] woman and her son]]

[[Genetic admixture]] occurs at high levels in South America. In Argentina, European influence accounts for 65–80% of the genetic background, [[Amerindian]] (indigenous people) 17–31% and sub-Saharan African 2–4%. In Colombia, the sub-Saharan African genetic background varied 1% to 89%, while the European genetic background varied from 20 to 79%, depending on the region. In Peru, European ancestries ranged from 1% to 31%, while the African contribution was only 1–3%.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Salzano |first1=F. M. |last2=Sans |first2=M. |year=2014 |title=Interethnic admixture and the evolution of Latin American populations |journal=Genet. Mol. Biol. |volume=37 |issue=1 Suppl |pages=151–170 |doi=10.1590/s1415-47572014000200003 |pmc=3983580 |pmid=24764751}}</ref> The Genographic Project determined the average Peruvian from Lima had about 25% European ancestry, 68% Native American, 3% Southwest Asian ancestry and 2% sub-Saharan African.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/reference-populations/|title=Your Regional Ancestry: Reference Populations|website=National Geographic|access-date=31 December 2016|archive-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227020449/https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/reference-populations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Descendants of [[Indigenous peoples of South America|indigenous peoples]], such as the [[Quechuas|Quechua]] and [[Aymara people|Aymara]], or the [[Urarina]]<ref>Dean, Bartholomew 2009. ''[http://www.upf.com/book.asp?id=DEANXS07 Urarina Society, Cosmology, and History in Peruvian Amazonia]'', Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida, {{ISBN|978-0-8130-3378-5}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717170729/http://www.upf.com/book.asp?id=DEANXS07|date=17 July 2011}}.</ref> of [[Amazonia]], make up the majority of the population in Bolivia (56%) and Peru (44%).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/peru/|title=Peru|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=18 April 2009|archive-date=19 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119135020/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/peru/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bolivia/|title=Bolivia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=18 April 2009|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927041747/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bolivia/|url-status=live}}</ref> In Ecuador, Amerindians comprise two-fifths of the population. The indigenous population is also a significant element in most other countries in South America.

People who identify as of primarily or totally [[light skin|European descent]], or identify their [[phenotype]] as corresponding to such group, are a majority in Uruguay,<ref name=blanca>{{cite web|url=http://www.geografia.fflch.usp.br/publicacoes/Geousp/Geousp13/Geousp13_Intercambio_Maurel.htm|title=Argentina y Uruguay, su población está formada casi exclusivamente por una población blanca e blanca mestiza procedente del sur de Europa, más del 90% E. García Zarza, 1992, 19|publisher=Geografia.fflch.usp.br|access-date=18 April 2009|archive-date=4 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604052317/http://www.geografia.fflch.usp.br/publicacoes/Geousp/Geousp13/Geousp13_Intercambio_Maurel.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Argentina<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/argentina/|title=Argentina|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=18 April 2009|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417040319/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/argentina/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Demographics of Chile|Chile]] (64.7%),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cruz-Coke |first1=R. |last2=Moreno |first2=R. S. |year=1994 |title=Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile |journal=Journal of Medical Genetics |volume=31 |issue=9 |pages=702–706 |doi=10.1136/jmg.31.9.702 |pmc=1050080 |pmid=7815439}}</ref> and are 43.5% of the population in Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/economia/censo/noticia/2023/12/22/censo-2022-cor-ou-raca.ghtml|title=Censo 2022: Pela 1ª vez, Brasil se declara mais pardo que branco; populações preta e indígena também crescem|date=22 December 2023|access-date=22 December 2023|archive-date=22 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222234415/https://g1.globo.com/google/amp/economia/censo/noticia/2023/12/22/censo-2022-cor-ou-raca.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://revistas.ucm.es/fll/02104547/articulos/ALHI8383110228A.PDF|title=Latinoamerica.|website=Revistas.ucm.es|access-date=24 October 2010|archive-date=18 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318213911/http://revistas.ucm.es/fll/02104547/articulos/ALHI8383110228A.PDF|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.studentsgoabroad.com/en/internships/internship-in-chile/general-information.html|title=The Chilean population is rather homogeneous with 95.4% of its population having European ancestors|publisher=Studentsgoabroad.com|date=11 September 1973|access-date=24 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107043856/http://www.studentsgoabroad.com/en/internships/internship-in-chile/general-information.html|archive-date=7 January 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Venezuela, according to the census, 42% of the population is of primarily Spanish, Italian or Portuguese descendence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gov.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/ResultadosBasicosCenso2011.pdf|title=Calendario de Publicaciones del Censo 2011|website=Ine.gov.ve|access-date=11 November 2017|archive-date=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115145751/http://www.ine.gov.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/ResultadosBasicosCenso2011.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In Colombia, people who identify as from European descendants are about 20%.<ref name="The Society and Its Environment"/><ref name="schwartzman">{{cite web|url=http://www.schwartzman.org.br/simon/coesion_etnia.pdf|title=Étnia, condiciones de vida y discriminación|first=Simon|last=Schwartzman|date=27 January 2008|language=es|access-date=3 April 2014|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911195451/http://www.schwartzman.org.br/simon/coesion_etnia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In Peru, European descendants are the third group in number (15%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fppmedia.com/pdfs/html/moperu.html|title=Peru – An Overview of the Market|publisher=Fppmedia.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711022032/http://www.fppmedia.com/pdfs/html/moperu.html|archive-date=11 July 2011}}</ref>

[[Mestizo]]s (mixed European and Amerindian) are the largest ethnic group in Bolivia, Paraguay, Venezuela, Colombia<ref name="The Society and Its Environment">Bushnell, David & Rex A. Hudson (2010) "[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Colombia.pdf The Society and Its Environment], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605232154/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Colombia.pdf|date=5 June 2011}}"; ''Colombia: a country study'': 87. Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.</ref> and Ecuador and the second group in Peru, Chile and Argentina.

South America is home to one of the largest populations of [[Africans]]. This group is significantly present in Brazil, Colombia, [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], French Guiana, Venezuela and Ecuador. Brazil, followed by Peru, has the largest Japanese, Korean and Chinese communities in South America. Lima has the largest ethnic Chinese community in Latin America.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20080115i1.html=search.japantimes.co.jp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204041835/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20080115i1.html%3Dsearch.japantimes.co.jp|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 December 2008|title=Japan, Brazil mark a century of settlement, family ties|work=The Japan Times|author=Nakamura, Akemi|date=15 January 2008}}</ref> Guyana and Suriname have the largest ethnic [[India|East Indian]] community.

====Indigenous people====
{{main|List of Indigenous peoples of South America|Indigenous peoples of South America}}
[[File:Kamaiurá village in Xingu Indigenous Park.jpg|thumb|right|[[Xingu peoples|Xingu]], an [[Indigenous territory (Brazil)|Indigenous territory of Brazil]]]]
In some places indigenous people still practice a traditional lifestyle, based on subsistence agriculture or as hunter-gatherers. There are still [[uncontacted tribes]] residing in the Amazon Rainforest.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150723060435/http://www.astromonos.org/public/3/indigenasenamerica.jsf Indigenous peoples of]}} [http://www.southamerica-tours.net/ South America] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618150011/http://www.southamerica-tours.net/ |date=18 June 2016 }}. Astromonos.org. Retrieved 20 October 2015.</ref>

{{Div col|colwidth=17em}}
* [[Aguarunas]]
* [[Alacalufe]]
* [[Arawaks]]
* [[Ashanincas]]
* [[Atacameños]]
* [[Awá-Guajá people|Awá]]
* [[Aymara people|Aymara]] – live in the [[Altiplano]] of [[Bolivia]], Chile and [[Peru]]. Their language is co-official in [[Bolivia]] and [[Peru]]. Traditional lifestyle includes llama herding.
* [[Banawá people|Banawa]]
* [[Cañari]]s
* [[Caiapos]]
* [[Chibcha]]
* [[Cocama language|Cocama]]
* [[Chayahuita]]
* [[Diaguita]]
* [[Enxet]]
* [[Ge (people)|Gê]],
* [[Guarani people|Guaraní]] – live in Paraguay, where the [[Guarani language]] is co-official with Spanish. They are also found in Bolivia.
* [[Juris]]
* [[Guna people|Guna]] live on the [[Colombia]]–[[Panama]] border.
* [[Mapuche]] – live mainly in southern Chile and southwestern Argentina (see [[Araucanian]]).
* [[Matsés]]
* [[Pehuenche]] – a branch of Mapuches that lived in the Andean valleys of southern (see [[Araucanian]]).
* [[Quechuas]] – make up a large part of the population of Peru and Bolivia. Are diverse as an ethnic group. The Incas spoke [[Southern Quechua]].
* [[Selkʼnam]]
* [[Shipibo]]
* [[Shuar]] (see [[Jivaroan peoples|Jívaro]]).
* [[Tupi people|Tupi]]
* [[Urarina]]
* [[Wai-Wai people|Wai-Wai]]
* [[Wayuu]]
* [[Xukuru people|Xucuru]]
* [[Yaghan people|Yaghan]]
* [[Yagua]]
* [[Yąnomamö]]
* [[Zaparos]]
{{Div col end}}