Editing Rector (academia) (section)

==Asia==

===India===
The heads of certain Indian [[boarding school]]s are called rectors. The head or principal of a Catholic school in India is also called a rector.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

===Indonesia===
Rector is the highest executive post in universities in Indonesia. At a public university, university senate members select a pool three candidates for the education minister to decide the rector from. Except for autonomous public university (PTN-BH), rector was elected by university board of trustees. The final decision is not necessarily the one with the majority of the university senate's votes.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/11/09/nearly-100-years-after-its-founding-itb-names-first-female-rector.html|title=Nearly 100 years after its founding, ITB names first female rector|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref>

===Japan===
[[File:YushimaSeido8678.jpg|thumb|right|90px|Colonnade at the reconstructed ''[[Yushima Seidō]]'' in Tokyo.  The hereditary rectors of this [[Edo period]] institution were selected from the [[Hayashi clan (Confucian scholars)|Hayashi clan]].]]
During the years of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] (1601–1868), the rector of Edo's Confucian Academy, the ''[[Shōhei-kō]]'' (afterwards known at the ''[[Yushima Seidō]]''), was known by the honorific title ''[[Daigaku-no kami]]'' which, in the context of the Tokugawa hierarchy, can effectively be translated as "Head of the State University".  The rector of the ''Yushima Seidō'' stood at the apex of the country-wide educational and training system which was created and maintained with the personal involvement of successive shōguns.  The position as rector of the ''Yushima Seidō'' became hereditary in the [[Hayashi clan (Confucian scholars)|Hayashi family]].<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A.B. (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794-1869.'' p. 418.</ref>  The rectors' scholarly reputation was burnished by the publication in 1657 of the seven volumes of  {{nihongo|''[[Survey of the Sovereigns of Japan]]''|日本王代一覧|''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''}}<ref>Brownlee, John S. (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=eatISvupicUC&dq=john+s+brownlee&pg=PA218  ''Japanese Historians and the National Myths, 1600-1945: The Age of the Gods and Emperor Jinmu,'' p. 218 n14]; N.b., Brownlee misidentifies ''Nihon Ōdai Ichiran'' publication date as 1663 rather than 1657.</ref>  and by the publication in 1670 of the 310 volumes of {{nihongo|''The Comprehensive History of Japan''|本朝通鑑|''Honchō-tsugan''}}.<ref>Brownlee, John. (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=YSN1AAAAMAAJ&q=Honcho+tsugan  ''Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712),'' p. 120.]</ref>

===Macau===
In the former Portuguese colony of [[Macau]], a [[Special administrative regions of China|Special Administrative Region]] of China since late 1999, the highest administrative officials of three universities, namely [[University of Macau]], University of Saint Joseph and City University of Macau,  are titled as 'Rector'. However, the equivalent position is 'President' at the Macau University of Science and Technology.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

===Malaysia===
In this [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] country, the term ''Rektor'' is used to refer to the highest administrative official in several universities and higher education institutions in Malaysia, such as the [[International Islamic University Malaysia]] in [[Gombak]]. For the [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]], the term ''Rektor'' is used for head of a branch campus and answers to the ''Naib Canselor''. A ''Rektor'' is comparable to the position of ''Naib Canselor'', or vice-chancellor, in other higher education institutions, as the ''Rektor'' answers to the ''[[Chancellor (education)|Canselor]]''.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

===Myanmar===
The term ''rector'' ([[Burmese language|Burmese]]:''ပါမောက္ခချုပ်'') is used to refer to the highest official of universities in [[Myanmar]]. Each university department is headed by a professor, who is responsible to the rector. Nowadays, given the large dimensions of some universities, the position of pro-rector has emerged, just below that of the rector. Pro-rectors are in charge of managing particular areas of the university, such as research or [[undergraduate education]]. For example: [[Rector of University of Magway]], a big role in Myanmar education. {{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

===Pakistan===
The heads of certain universities and colleges such as [[COMSATS University Islamabad]], [[National University of Modern Languages]], [[National University of Sciences & Technology]], [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology]], [[Forman Christian College]], [[Virtual University of Pakistan]] and PIEAS are all titled "Rector".{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

===Philippines===
[[File:Rector Herminio Dagohoy of Santo Tomas.jpg|thumb|right|[[Herminio Dagohoy]], the 96th Rector Magnificus of the [[University of Santo Tomas|Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas]], Manila]]
{{See also|Rector Magnificus of the University of Santo Tomas}}
The term ''rector'' or ''Rector Magnificus'' is used to refer to the highest official in prominent Catholic universities and colleges such as the [[University of Santo Tomas]], the [[Colegio de San Juan de Letran]], and the [[San Beda University]]. The rector typically sits as chair of the university board of trustees. He exercises policy-making, general academic, managerial, and religious functions over all university academic and non-academic staff.

During the Spanish colonial period, on 20 May 1865, a royal order from Queen Isabella II gave the [[Rector Magnificus of the University of Santo Tomas]] the power to direct and supervise all the educational institutions in the Philippines and thus, the Rector of the university became the ''ex officio'' head of the secondary and higher education in the Philippines. All diplomas issued by other schools were approved by the Rector of the university and examinations leading to the issuance of such diplomas were supervised by the professors of the University of Santo Tomas.<ref name=varsi>[http://www.varsitarian.net/supplement/rectors_supplement/history_of_the_rectorship http://www.varsitarian.net/supplement/rectors_supplement/history_of_the_rectorship] ''The Varsitarian website'' Accessed 4 August 2012</ref><ref name=ust>[http://www.ust.edu.ph/index.php/history.html History of the University of Santo Tomas] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222000856/http://www.ust.edu.ph/index.php/history.html |date=22 December 2009 }} ''The University of Santo Tomas website'' Accessed 4 August 2012</ref>

===Thailand===
The term ''rector'' is not widely used to refer to the highest executive position in Thai universities ([[Thai language|Thai]]:''อธิการบดี''; {{RTGS|Athikan Bodi}} ), compared to the term ''president''. [[Thammasat University]] adopts this term for this position to reflect its tradition associated with the French education system where [[Pridi Banomyong]], Thammasat's founding father was educated.

Except [[Assumption University (Thailand)|Assumption University]], the only International Catholic University in Thailand, the position of the head of the executives and administrators of the institute is "rector". A decade after the present rector assume his duty, the title of Rector Magnificus was bestowed on [[Rev. Bro.]] Bancha Saenghiran, f.s.g.{{what|date=February 2023}}, Ph.D. at a solemn Academic ceremony on 1 November 2011 at the Assumption University Suvarnabhumi campus in the ornate Chapel of St. Louis Marie de Montfort (founder of the [[Louis de Montfort|Montfortian Brothers of St. Gabriel]].)