Editing Pakistan Armed Forces (section)

== Defence industry ==
{{main|Defence industry of Pakistan|List of military equipment manufactured in Pakistan}}
At the time of the creation of Pakistan, the country had virtually no military industry or production capability. In 1949–50, the contribution of the industrial sector to the [[Gross national product|GNP]] was only 5.8%, of which 4.8% was attributed to small-scale industries.<ref name="Ministry of Defence Production Press release">{{cite web |last=Ministry of Defence Production Press release |title=Ministry of Defence Production:Background |url=http://www.modp.gov.pk/gop/index.php?q=aHR0cDovLzE5Mi4xNjguNzAuMTM2L21vZHAvLi9mcm1EZXRhaWxzLmFzcHg%2Fb3B0PWJhc2ljJmlkPTE%3D |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307012924/http://www.modp.gov.pk/gop/index.php?q=aHR0cDovLzE5Mi4xNjguNzAuMTM2L21vZHAvLi9mcm1EZXRhaWxzLmFzcHg%2Fb3B0PWJhc2ljJmlkPTE%3D |archive-date=7 March 2014 |access-date=20 August 2013 |work=The Govt. of Pakistan |publisher=Ministry of Defence Production Press release}}</ref> The new nation's only major heavy-industry operation was the [[Karachi Shipyard]] and Engineering Works (KSEW), which was focused on civil maritime construction. All military industrial materials and weapons systems were either inherited or purchased from the United Kingdom.<ref name="Ministry of Defence Production Press release" />
[[File:Manufacturing_by_Province.jpg|left|thumb|Industrial manufacturing in Pakistan from 1973 to 2000.]]
By 1951, Prime Minister [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] had established the [[Pakistan Ordnance Factory]] (POF) in [[Wah Cantonment|Wah Military District]], with a civilian chemist, Dr. [[Abdul Hafeez (chemist)|Abdul Hafeez]], serving as director and senior scientist.<ref name="Ministry of Defence Production Press release" /> The POF was oriented towards the production of small arms, ammunition, and chemical explosives.<ref name="Ministry of Defence Production Press release" /> During the period of reliance on United States supply, from 1955 to 1964, there was little attention given to domestic production. Almost all military weapons and equipment were provided by the United States, as part of Pakistan's membership in [[South East Asian Treaty Organization]] (SEATO) and [[Central Treaty Organization]] (CENTO).<ref name="Ministry of Defence Production Press release" /> By 1963, the [[Defence Science and Technology Organization]] (DESTO) was formed by POF Director Hafeez for the purposes of military [[research and development]].<ref name="Ministry of Defence Production Press release" /> After U.S. military assistance was cut off in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (followed by the disastrous 1971 War{{relevance inline|date=January 2017}}), Pakistan turned to China for help in expanding its military industrial and production capabilities, including the modernisation of the facilities at Wah.[[File:Bomb Shells produced at POF WAH.jpg|thumb|Chemical explosives and shells produced by [[Air Weapons Complex|AWC]], [[Defence Science and Technology Organization|DESTO]], and [[Pakistan Ordnance Factory|POF]] used by the Pakistani military.]]

During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the [[US Congress]] scrutinized its [[Foreign aid to Pakistan|military aid to Pakistan]] despite efforts by U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]].<ref>Burne, Lester H. Chronological History of U.S. Foreign Relations: 1932–1988. Routledge, 2003. {{ISBN|978-0-415-93916-4}}.</ref> After the war, programs on self-reliance and domestic production were launched with the establishment of the [[Ministry of Defence Production]] (MoDP) in 1972, aiming to promote and co-ordinate the patchwork of military production facilities which had developed since independence.<ref name="Ministry of Defence Production Press release"/> New military policy oversaw the establishment of [[Heavy Industries Taxila]] (HIT) in [[Taxila (modern)|Taxila]] and the [[Pakistan Aeronautical Complex]] (PAC) in [[Kamra, Pakistan|Kamra]], north of [[Islamabad]]. The militarisation of the [[Karachi Shipyard]] Engineering Works (KSEW) took place the same year. The PAC reverse-engineered several [[Shenyang F-6|F–6J]], [[Chengdu J-7|F–7P]], [[Dassault Mirage III|Mirage III]], and [[Dassault Mirage 5|Mirage 5]] fighter jets (of the Chinese and French), built the [[Mushshak]] trainer (based on the Swedish [[Saab Safari|SAAB Safari]]), and maintained radar and avionics equipment. After the success of the Mushshak, the Super Mushshak and the state-of-art [[Hongdu JL-8|Karakoram-8]] advanced training jet were produced. The MoDP includes several other specialised organizations devoted to research and development, production and administration.<ref name="Ministry of Defence Production Press release"/>

[[File:MP4 a and G3 produced at POF WAH under licensed.jpg|left|thumb|Rifles and firearms produced by POF displayed at an arms exhibition.]]
In 1987, the KSEW began developing submarine technology and rebuilding the [[Karachi Naval Dockyard|submarine base]] near [[Port Qasim]]. In the 1990s, concerns over Pakistan's secretive development of nuclear weapons led to the "[[Pressler amendment]]" (introduced by US Senator [[Larry Pressler]]) and an economic and military embargo. This caused a great panic in the Pakistan Armed Forces and each major service branch launched its own military-industrial programs.

By 1999, the KSEW had built its first long-range attack submarine, the [[Agosta-class submarine|''Agosta'' 90B]], which featured [[air-independent propulsion]] (AIP) technology purchased from France in 1995. By early 2000, a joint venture with China led to the introduction of the [[JF-17 Thunder|JF-17]] fighter jet (developed at PAC) and the [[Al-Khalid tank|Al-Khalid main battle tank]], built and assembled at HIT. Since 2001, Pakistan has taken major steps toward becoming self-sufficient in aircraft overhaul and modernisation and tank and helicopter sales.<ref name="Ministry of Defence Production Press release"/>

After the success of its major projects in the defence industry, the [[Defence Export Promotion Organization (Pakistan)|Defence Export Promotion Organization]] (DEPO) was created to promote Pakistani defence equipment to the world by hosting the [[International Defence Exhibition and Seminar]] (IDEAS), which is held biennially at the [[Karachi Expo Center|Karachi expo center]]. Pakistan's defence exports were reportedly worth over US $200million in 2006, and have continued to grow since.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006\11\22\story_22-11-2006_pg7_26 Leading News Resource of Pakistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221072455/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C11%5C22%5Cstory_22-11-2006_pg7_26 |date=21 February 2013 }}. Daily Times (22 November 2006). Retrieved 12 July 2013.</ref>