Editing North West England (section)

==Economy==
The North West is historically linked with the textiles industry, mainly before the mid 20th century. The Greater Manchester region produces [[List of ceremonial counties in England by gross value added|the most economic output according to GVA in 2014]] with £57,395m, followed by Merseyside £28,257m, Lancashire with £27,668m, Cheshire £25,803m and Cumbria with £10,747m.

According to research by [[Cushman & Wakefield]] in 2008, Manchester is the second best city to locate a business in the UK whilst Liverpool is the eleventh best city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cushwake.com/cwglobal/jsp/newsDetail.jsp?repId=c19200007p&LanId=EN&LocId=GLOBAL |title=London and Manchester lead UK business survey |access-date=24 September 2008 |date=24 September 2008 |publisher=[[Cushman & Wakefield]] |website=Cushman & Wakefield web pages |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127031929/http://www.cushwake.com/cwglobal/jsp/newsDetail.jsp?repId=c19200007p&LanId=EN&LocId=GLOBAL |archive-date=27 November 2008}}</ref> The ''[[Financial Times]]'' stated that the North West economy, led by the redevelopment of Manchester and Liverpool, is a genuine rival to "overheated London".<ref>{{cite news |title=Living in the North West |url=http://careers.astrazeneca.co.uk/working-here/our-locations/alderley-park/living-in-the-North-West/ |work=AstraZeneca |access-date=20 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026025623/http://careers.astrazeneca.co.uk/working-here/our-locations/alderley-park/living-in-the-North-West/ |archive-date=26 October 2011}}</ref>

The area's electricity, formerly looked after by [[MANWEB]] and [[NORWEB]], is now looked after by [[Scottish Power|ScottishPower Energy Networks]] and [[United Utilities]] respectively. The [[Rampside Gas Terminal|Morecambe Bay gas field]] provides 6% of the UK's natural gas.

{{Electricity generation in North West England}}

===Cheshire===
{{Main|Economy of Cheshire}}
{{See also|Cheshire#Economy and industry}}

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[[File:Stanlow from a distance - geograph.org.uk - 684459.jpg|thumb|right|[[Essar Energy]]'s [[Stanlow Refinery]], the 
UK's second largest refinery after [[Fawley Refinery|Fawley]], looking north-east from [[Wervin]] ]]

[[File:Vauxhall's, Ellesmere Port - geograph.org.uk - 218503.jpg|thumb|left|[[Vauxhall Ellesmere Port|Vauxhall's plant]] in Ellesmere Port exports 88% of its cars, although many of the components are imported, and has made over 5 million since 1962, also making the [[Opel Vectra|Vectra]] from 1995 to 2008; it makes 686 a day (two a minute, 100,000 a year) and the latest model was designed by [[Mark Adams (designer)|Mark Adams]] and Malcolm Ward. Three million Astras have been sold in the UK since 1979, and featured on the [[Top Gear test track]] until 2015; the production is split with the [[Opel Manufacturing Poland]] site at [[Gliwice]] in southern Poland; the [[Opel Corsa|Corsa]] is made at [[Opel Zaragoza]] in north-east Spain, with 3-door versions at [[Opel Eisenach]]; the [[Opel Insignia|Insignia]] is made at [[Opel Rüsselsheim]] ]]
Cheshire is linked with the [[Salt in Cheshire|salt industry]]. [[AstraZeneca]], the fifth largest pharmaceutical company in the world, has a manufacturing site in the north-east of Macclesfield on [[Hurdsfield]] Ind Est (former ICI Pharmaceuticals) off the A523, where it makes Zoladex ([[goserelin]]); it was formerly ICI until June 1993 when it became [[Zeneca]]. [[Vauxhall Motors|Vauxhall]], home of the [[Vauxhall Astra|Astra]], is on a [[RAF Hooton Park|former airfield]] next to the [[M53 motorway|M53]], and [[Stanlow Refinery|Essar Energy]] (former [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]], partly in [[Thornton-le-Moors]]) are in [[Ellesmere Port]]. Industrial inspection organisation [[SGS S.A.|SGS]] UK is based on junction 8 of the M53 at Rossmore Business Park. [[Innospec]] (former Octel) is west of the refinery near junction 9 of the M53 ([[A5032 road|A5032]]); Innospec also has a site at Widnes (former Aroma Fine Chemicals) which makes [[Lilestralis]]. [[Vidrala|Encirc Glass]] (former [[Aventas group]]) make glass bottles to the east of the refinery at [[Elton, Cheshire|Elton]]; the [[Shell Technology Centre]] on the southern side of the [[Ellesmere Port to Warrington Line|railway]], off the A5117 and the M56 [[Hapsford]] Interchange on the east side of the refinery, closed in 2014; to the east is the large site of [[Kemira GrowHow|CF Fertilisers]] UK (former Shellstar) who make the Nitram brand of fertiliser.

[[Lex Autolease]], the UK's largest vehicle leasing company, is in the east of Chester, towards [[Hoole]]. [[Ball Corporation|Ball Packaging Europe]] is based on the [[A483 road|A483]] at Chester Business Park, near the A55 junction in [[Eccleston, Cheshire|Eccleston]], which has a main office of [[Marks & Spencer]]; east of M&S, south of the A55 bypass is [[Sira (notified body)|Sira]], which issues [[ATEX directive|ATEX]] product approvals. To the north at [[Dunkirk, Cheshire|Dunkirk]] at the end of the M56 on the [[A5117 road|A5117]], is [[Max Spielmann]] (including the former Klick) in [[Lea-by-Backford]]; further north at [[Capenhurst]], next to the [[Wirral Line|railway]], [[Urenco Group]] have a [[Enriched uranium|uranium enrichment]] plant, partly in [[Ledsham, Cheshire|Ledsham]]. [[Sandbach]] used to be home of [[ERF (lorry manufacturer)|ERF]] and [[Edwin Foden, Sons & Co.|Fodens]] trucks. [[Tata Chemicals Europe]] (former Brunner Mond) next to the [[A530 road|A530]], next to the [[Mid-Cheshire Line|railway]], is partly in [[Lostock Gralam]] just west of [[Northwich]]; there is another main site at [[Winnington]] on the [[A533 road|A533]] north-west of Northwich. [[British Salt]] is in [[Middlewich]]; [[Bisto]] used to be made there by Centura Foods (RHM), but production moved to [[Worksop]] (Nottinghamshire) in 2008. [[Henkel|Henkel UK]] (the consumer adhesive division, maker of [[Pritt]] and [[Sellotape]]) is on the Winsford Ind Estate in the east of [[Winsford]], home of the UK's [[Salt in Cheshire|largest]] [[salt mine]] at [[Meadowbank, Cheshire|Meadowbank]] run by [[Salt Union]], who are owned by [[Compass Minerals]].

[[Mornflake]] is in Crewe on the B5071, [[Focus (DIY)|Focus]] closed in July 2011, and [[Orion Optics]] make telescopes. [[Bentley|Bentley Motors]] (owned by [[Volkswagen]] since 1998) have their [[Bentley Crewe|main plant]] in the west of the town between the [[A530 road|A530]] and A532, next to the railway to Chester. [[Crewe Works]] built the [[InterCity 125|HST]] ([[British Rail Class 43 (HST)|Class 43]]) power cars, and now carries out maintenance for [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]]. [[Unipart]] Rail is on the B5071 next to Crewe railway station. [[Bargain Booze]] is at the A532/A5020 roundabout in the east of the town, and further along the A532 [[Whitby Morrison]] are the world's leading manufacturer of [[ice cream van]]s. Air Products have a main HQ off the [[A534 road|A534]] in central Crewe near the Virgin Trains training academy. [[UK Fuels]] ([[fuel card]]s) are off the A532, north of Crewe railway station.

[[BAE Systems Land & Armaments|BAE Systems Global Combat Systems]] at [[ROF Radway Green|Radway Green]], [[Barthomley]] north of M6 junction 16, south of [[Alsager]] makes small arms ammunition, and [[Freshpack]] make pies next to the A5011 towards the east of the town; [[Twyford Bathrooms]] (owned since 2001 by the Finnish [[Sanitec]]) are off the B5077, but their enormous factory next to the [[Crewe to Derby Line|railway]] closed in early 2011, with production moving overseas. Amec is south of Knutsford at [[Booths Hall]] off the [[A537 road|A537]], now the HQ of [[Amec Foster Wheeler]]; also in the town is [[Edmundson Electrical]]. Between Knutsford and Wilmslow in [[Mobberley]] off the B5085, close to the southern approach of Manchester Airport, is a large site of Harman Technology (known worldwide as [[Ilford Photo]]). [[Four Seasons Health Care]] is in central Wilmslow; north of the town on the [[A538 road|A538]] is a large £60m mass spectrometry research site of the [[Waters Corporation]], built in 2014 on a former research site of [[Ciba-Geigy]] Pharmaceuticals (who formed Novartis in 1996), next to the [[River Bollin]]. [[Pets at Home]] is next to the [[Crewe to Manchester Line|railway]] at [[Handforth]] near [[Wilmslow]] and the Stockport boundary near [[Handforth Dean]] (A34). [[Boalloy Industries]] are on Radnor Park Ind Est in [[West Heath, Cheshire|West Heath]] in west Congleton north of the A534/A34 junction, make [[Semi-trailer|trailer]]s, and pioneered the [[Tautliner]] curtain-sided trailer design in the 1970s. [[Reginox]] UK (kitchen sinks) are in the north of Congleton; Siemens Industry Automation & Drive Technologies UK make [[Adjustable-speed drive|variable-speed drive]]s, exporting 98% of production, on Eaton Bank Trading Est near the [[River Dane]]. [[OK Diner]] is in Macclesfield (previously in Middlewich); [[Tullis Russell]] at [[Bollington]] makes the paper for all [[Great Britain commemorative stamps 2010–19|Royal Mail stamps]], and has done for many years.

[[File:View from Helsby Hill - geograph.org.uk - 250843.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Ineos ChlorVinyls at Runcorn in 2006; the [[Chemical industry in the United Kingdom|UK chemicals industry]] is worth £57bn, with 180,000 people in around 3,000 companies]]
[[Ineos]] Fluor (the site was previously owned by [[Imperial Chemical Industries|ICI Chemicals]]) is at Runcorn which produces chlorine and caustic soda from Cheshire salt, piped from [[Lostock Gralam]], south of Northwich; most of the chlorine in the UK comes from this plant; it also makes [[Organofluorine chemistry|hydrofluoroalkane]]s (HFAs) for [[metered-dose inhaler]]s and the anaesthetic [[halothane]]. There is Ineos Chlor and Ineos Vinyls. [[BNFL]] and its subsidiary [[Sellafield Ltd]] (former British Nuclear Group), and [[ABB]] are based in [[Daresbury]] near Runcorn, although most of BNG's operations take place at [[Sellafield]] in Cumbria. Daresbury is also home of the [[EMMA (accelerator)|EMMA]] and [[ALICE (accelerator)|ALICE]] [[FFAG accelerator]]s. [[Diageo]] bottles [[Guinness]] at [[Preston Brook]], between the A56 and [[A533 road|A533]], and nearby [[Saint-Gobain]] UK make Isover insulation. [[Kawneer]] UK (part of [[Alcoa]]) make architectural aluminium systems ([[curtain wall (architecture)|curtain wall]]s) off the [[A533 road|A533]] at [[Astmoor]] in north Runcorn. [[APPH]] (aircraft [[Landing gear|undercarriage]]) is based on the A558 on [[Manor Park (Runcorn)|Manor Park]] in [[Sandymoor]] near [[TALL Security Print]], the UK's leading provider of business cheques; further to the west is [[Yokogawa Electric]] UK. [[Schachihata]] UK ([[Xstamper]] and [[Artline (marker)|Artline]]) are based at Ashville Ind Est on the [[A557 road|A557]] at junction 12 of the M56 next to the Weaver Navigation and the 3,200&nbsp;ft [[Weaver Viaduct]] south of Runcorn towards [[Sutton Weaver]]. [[Croda International|Croda]] Enterprise Technology Group does its important R&D in [[Halebank]], Widnes, south of [[Ditton, Cheshire|Ditton]]. The [[Thermphos International|Thermphos]] factory on the A557 south of Widnes closed in 2013.

[[United Utilities]] is based in the west of Warrington at Lingley Mere Business Park in [[Great Sankey]], next to the St Helens boundary; in Lingley Green to the south on the A57 was the former HQ of [[North West Water]]; to the north, Amazon have a fulfilment centre. Unilever makes ''[[Persil]]'' and ''[[Surf (detergent)|Surf]]'' [[Laundry detergent|washing powders]] next to the [[Warrington Bank Quay railway station|Bank Quay]] railway station; next door between the [[A5061 road|A5061]] and River Mersey is [[PQ Corporation|PQ Silicas]] (former [[Joseph Crosfield]]). [[Cogent Skills]] (the UK's [[Sector Skills Councils|SSC]] for science) is in the south of Warrington off the A5060, on the other side of the [[Ellesmere Port to Warrington Line|railway]] from Bank Quay. [[New Balance]] UK is at Centre Park, off the A5060 in south-west Warrington, with a factory at [[Flimby]], on the Cumbria coast. [[Konftel|Konftel UK]] is at [[Thelwall]]. [[ASICS]] UK (sportswear) is on the Gemini Business Park, off the A574 in [[Burtonwood and Westbrook]] north of Warrington, next to the M62 and a large IKEA and M&S on Gemini Retail Park; next door is [[KYB]] UK, part of the world's largest (Japanese) manufacturer of [[shock absorber]]s; nearby is [[Krauss-Maffei]] UK ([[Injection molding machine|injection moulding machines]]); AlphaBiolabs provide the [[DNA paternity testing]] for ''[[The Jeremy Kyle Show]]'' on Carina Park in [[Westbrook, Cheshire|Westbrook]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2019 |title=Who does Jeremy Kyle DNA testing? |url=https://www.alphabiolabs.co.uk/blog/who-does-jeremy-kyle-dna-testing/ |access-date=19 January 2021 |website=AlphaBiolabs}}</ref>

[[Burtonwood Brewery]] (the HQ of [[Thomas Hardy Burtonwood]], who developed Britain's [[alcopop]] drinks in the 1990s) is on the B5204 in the west of Burtonwood, towards St Helens borough. Birchwood Park has to be the main technical business park in the North West. The Bank of England [[Monetary Policy Committee (United Kingdom)|MPC]]'s Agency for the North West is on [[Birchwood Park]] near the HQ of [[GB Oils]], the UK's leading fuel oil supplier (owned by [[DCC Plc|DCC]]), and the operator of [[Gulf Oil UK|Gulf Oil]] petrol stations in the UK. [[Electricity North West]] (the North West's [[distribution network operator]]) is near by, with [[ESR Technology]], who did work for the [[Philae (spacecraft)|Philae]] space probe and owns the [[National Centre of Tribology]] at Whittle House in Risley, with [[TalkTalk Business]] to the west, near [[International Nuclear Services]] and [[Sellafield Ltd]] at [[Christopher Hinton, Baron Hinton of Bankside|Hinton House]]. [[Terberg Group|Terberg]] Matec UK (Dutch) supply lifts for bin wagons next to M62 junction 11. Also west of the park is [[Nuvia]] UK (part of [[Soletanche Freyssinet]]). [[Betfred]] (having the largest turnover in the region—£13.3bn) is at the western end of Birchwood itself, next to the M6 and [[Birchwood railway station]]. Birchwood was built on the former [[ROF Risley]].

===Lancashire===
{{Overly detailed|details=move to [[Lancashire#Economy]]|date=May 2023}}{{Main|Lancashire#Economy}}
[[File:Canberra, Samlesbury - geograph.org.uk - 101508.jpg|thumb|left|[[English Electric Canberra]] [[Gate guardian|gate guard]] at [[BAE Systems Military Air & Information|BAE's]] [[Samlesbury Aerodrome|Samlesbury]] site]]
The [[Office for National Statistics|ONS]] 2010 Annual Business Survey states that 30.3% of jobs in the British aerospace industry are based in Lancashire.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/office_of_the_chief_executive/lancashireprofile/main/aerospace.asp |title=The aerospace industry |publisher=Lancashire County Council – Office of the chief executive |access-date=10 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901174044/http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/office_of_the_chief_executive/lancashireprofile/main/aerospace.asp |archive-date=1 September 2011}}</ref> The main private employer in the county is [[BAE Systems Military Air & Information]] who have two sites east and west of [[Preston, Lancashire|Preston]] for the manufacture of military aircraft. [[Samlesbury Aerodrome|Samlesbury]] (4000 employees) makes air-frames; the front fuselage, canards and tailfin of the Eurofighter. [[Warton Aerodrome|Warton]], BAE Systems' main site (former [[English Electric]], then [[British Aircraft Corporation|BAC]]), is in [[Bryning-with-Warton]] (6500 employees).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17054577 |title=BAE Systems' annual sales fall by 14% |date=16 February 2012 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=10 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511013950/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17054577 |archive-date=11 May 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> BAE builds a Eurofighter every two weeks ([[takt time]]). [[Rolls-Royce plc|Rolls-Royce]] make [[turbofan]] blades in [[Barnoldswick]] (950 employees).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rolls-royce.com/careers/where_in_the_world/uk/barnoldswick.jsp |title=Where in the world? Barnoldswick |publisher=Rolls-Royce |access-date=10 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111231194001/http://www.rolls-royce.com/careers/where_in_the_world/uk/barnoldswick.jsp |archive-date=31 December 2011}}</ref> Nearby Weston EU manufacture components in [[Foulridge]] (250)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/pendle/foulridge/9393282.Pendle_aero_firm_Weston_EU_sold_for___54m/ |title=Pendle aero firm Weston EU sold for £54m |date=30 November 2011 |newspaper=Lancashire Telegraph |access-date=10 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327012351/http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/pendle/foulridge/9393282.Pendle_aero_firm_Weston_EU_sold_for___54m/ |archive-date=27 March 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> and engine maintenance contractor [[Euravia]] are in [[Kelbrook]] (100).<ref name=LTRecr>{{cite news |url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/rossendale/8779739.East_Lancashire_s_biggest_firms_plan_to_recruit_staff_in_2011/ |title=East Lancashire's biggest firms plan to recruit staff in 2011 |date=9 January 2011 |newspaper=Lancashire Telegraph |access-date=10 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114450/http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/rossendale/8779739.East_Lancashire_s_biggest_firms_plan_to_recruit_staff_in_2011/ |archive-date=26 August 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Safran]] Aircelle make engine [[nacelle]]s and [[Thrust reversal|thrust reverser]]s in [[Burnley]] (800), and mostly make thrust reversers for the [[Rolls-Royce Trent 700|Trent 700]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aircelle.com/spip.php?article288 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116041503/http://www.aircelle.com/spip.php?article288 |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 November 2008 |title=Aircelle Ltd. wins the "Business of the Year" recognition in Lancashire, England |date=18 November 2008 |publisher=Aircelle |access-date=10 June 2012}}</ref> [[GE]] subsidiary Unison Engine Components (320),<ref name=LTRecr/> are the largest of several others in the area.

[[Westinghouse Electric Company|Westinghouse]] (BNFL) make [[nuclear fuel]] at the [[Springfields]] site at [[Salwick]], off the [[A583 road|A583]] in [[Newton-with-Clifton]]. The boiler firm [[BAXI]] have a factory in the south of Preston, and next door, [[Assystem]] UK (engineering consultancy) are off the B5258 in [[Bamber Bridge]]. [[Anheuser-Busch InBev|AB InBev]] have a brewery on the B6230 in nearby in [[Samlesbury]] (former [[Whitbread]], and brews [[Stella Artois]]); further east the BAE Systems factory is between the A677 and A59, mainly in [[Balderstone, Lancashire|Balderstone]]. To the north-east of Preston, Bodycare Group make toiletries at the Red Scar Business Park on the B6243, near junction 31a of the M6, where [[Goss International]] UK make [[printing press]]es. [[Webb Ivory]] (charity fundraising, owned by [[Findel plc]]) is off the A6 in [[Avenham]], in the south of Preston. [[Alstom]] Transport (former [[GEC Traction]]) is at TLS Preston; company's main Trafford Park site closed in the early 1990s. [[Bosal (company)|Bosal]] was the UK's leading manufacturer of car exhausts on Walton Summit, between the M6 and M61 until they closed operations. The Pilkington European Technical Centre is at [[Lathom]].

[[Voith]] Paper has a site in [[Stubbins]], at the northern end of the M66, off the [[A676 road|A676]]. [[Silentnight]] (600)<ref name=LTRecr/> is in [[Barnoldswick]], where [[Hope Technology]] make mountain bike components; nearby [[Johnson Matthey]] makes automotive catalysts. At [[Whitworth, Lancashire|Whitworth]] on the A671, BCH engineer equipment for the food processing industry ([[Nestlé]] and [[Mars (company)|Mars]]).

Brands originating in Lancashire include [[TVR]], [[Reebok]], [[Jaguar Cars]] and [[Warburtons]]. [[Leyland Trucks]] manufactures several truck ranges from [[Leyland, Lancashire|Leyland]], home of [[Enterprise plc]], and where [[Albion Motors|Albion Automotive]] (part of [[American Axle]]) make [[crankshaft]]s at [[Farington]]. [[CCA Occasions]] makes greeting cards on the B5253 on the [[Moss Side, South Ribble|Moss Side]] Ind Estate and nearby [[Dr Oetker]] makes Chicago Town and Pizza Ristorante pizzas (330);<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leylandguardian.co.uk/news/local/40-new-jobs-are-just-what-the-dr-ordered-1-2011714 |title=40 new jobs are just what the Dr ordered |date=25 February 2009 |publisher=Leyland Guardian |access-date=14 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602101912/http://www.leylandguardian.co.uk/news/local/40-new-jobs-are-just-what-the-dr-ordered-1-2011714 |archive-date=2 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 40% of the UK's frozen pizzas are made here, and the Pizza Ristorante brand, solely made in Lancashire, is Italy's best-selling frozen pizza with 20% of the Italian market.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jun/21/how-good-dr-oetkers-pizza |title=How good is Dr Oetker's pizza? |date=21 June 2011 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=14 June 2012 |first=Jon |last=Henley |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827011847/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jun/21/how-good-dr-oetkers-pizza |archive-date=27 August 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nearby, [[Nitecrest]] is the UK's leading manufacturer of [[Gift card|gift]], [[Payment card|payment]], [[Loyalty program|loyalty]] and [[Telephone card|phone card]]s, and exports most of its products.

[[Walkers (snack foods)|Walker's]] make [[Monster Munch]] at junction 5 of the M58 on the Pimbo Ind Est in [[Up Holland]]; nearby [[Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget|SCA Hygiene]] has their Skelmersdale Mill which makes [[Paper towel|kitchen towel]], with [[Uretek]] UK (polyurethane). To the east is [[Frederick's Dairies]] in East Pimbo, who make Cadbury's ice creams, near [[TAAG Steelwork]], who built the [[Olympic Energy Centre]]. To the west, [[Turtle Wax]] Europe are next to M58 junction 4 on Gillibrands Ind Est. [[The Co-operative Bank]] are administered from Delf House in the centre of Skelmersdale.

[[Victrex]] make [[PEEK]] (a [[thermoplastic]]) just north of Blackpool at [[Cleveleys]]. Next door, AGC Chemicals Europe,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Salvidge |first1=Rachel |title=Firm releases almost 800&nbsp;kg of 'forever chemical' a year into Lancashire river |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/apr/29/pfas-forever-chemical-river-wyre-lancashire-environment-agency |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=29 April 2023}}</ref> owned by [[Asahi Glass Co.]], makes [[ETFE]] (fluon) for [[Electrical wiring|electrical wire insulation]], and [[silica gel]] off the B5268 at [[Thornton-Cleveleys]]. HTI Group in Fleetwood makes toys and owns [[Barbie]].

[[Ennis Prismo]] make traffic white line products at Chorley; Walmsleys is a paper manufacturer off the A675 in [[Withnell]]. [[DXC Technology]] (former CSC) have sites in Chorley and Preston. Along the M65, Fort Vale based in [[Simonstone, Lancashire|Simonstone]] (near [[Burnley]]) (300) are a world leader in valves and fittings for [[Tank truck|road tanker]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/business/9363225.Lancashire_Telegraph_Business_Awards__Export_winner_Fort_Vale_Engineering/ |title=Lancashire Telegraph Business Awards: Export winner Fort Vale Engineering |date=14 November 2011 |newspaper=Lancashire Telegraph |access-date=16 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402234708/http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/business/9363225.Lancashire_Telegraph_Business_Awards__Export_winner_Fort_Vale_Engineering/ |archive-date=2 April 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Close by, office furniture manufacturer Senator International (800)<ref name=LTRecr/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/hyndburn/altham/1059647.Senator_scoops_business_of_year_award/ |title=Senator scoops business of year award |date=6 December 2006 |newspaper=Lancashire Telegraph |access-date=16 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120156/http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/hyndburn/altham/1059647.Senator_scoops_business_of_year_award/ |archive-date=26 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> are the largest in the UK in their field. Off the A646 in [[Habergham Eaves]], east of Burnley, is [[AMS Neve]], a renowned manufacturer of [[Mixing console|audio mixing desk]]s. Telecoms provider [[Daisy Group]] (former Pipex, 400),<ref name=LTRecr/> based in [[Nelson, Lancashire|Nelson]] is one of the UK's fastest growing companies, on Lomeshaye Ind Est north of M65 junction 12 in [[Brierfield, Lancashire|Brierfield]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commsbusiness.co.uk/News_Article_JS1.cfm?NewsID=14670 |title=Group Celebrates a Daisy Decade |date=5 October 2011 |publisher=Comms Business |access-date=7 June 2012 |archive-date=14 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214041417/https://www.commsbusiness.co.uk/news/group-celebrates-a-daisy-decade/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cott|Cott Beverages]] (former [[Macaw Soft Drinks]] before 2006) is off junction 12 of the M65 in [[Brierfield, Lancashire|Brierfield]], west of Nelson, next to [[Pendle Water]]. [[Jura Elektroapparate|Jura]] UK (Swiss coffee machines) is off the A6068 in Colne. At [[Horrocksford]] near Clitheroe, [[Hanson Cement]] have their large [[Ribblesdale Cement]] works, next to the [[River Ribble]], which supplied construction of the [[Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral]]. [[Bensons for Beds]] (previously in [[Burtonwood and Westbrook|Burtonwood]] near Warrington) and [[Sleepmasters]] (both owned by [[Steinhoff International]]) are in the north of Accrington, off junction 8 (A56) of the M65, near [[Huncoat railway station]]. [[Kleeneze]] (owned by [[Findel plc]]) is based with [[Express Gifts]] off the [[A678 road|A678]] in [[Clayton-le-Moors]] off the M65 Hyndburn Interchange between Blackburn and Burnley, north of Accrington with a main distribution centre off the A679 in [[Church, Lancashire|Church]] on the other side of the M65 in the west of Accrington, with both sites next to the Leeds-Liverpool Canal. Off the [[A678 road|A678]] near the River Calder in [[Altham, Lancashire|Altham]] (north east of Clayton le Moors) is [[Senator (furniture)|Senator]] who claim to be the UK's largest manufacturer of office furniture; Simon Jersey designed and made the [[Team GB]] clothing for the [[Great Britain at the 2016 Summer Olympics|2016 Olympics]] opening and closing ceremonies.

In Blackpool is the [[Federation of Small Businesses]] (FSB), [[Amber Taverns]], [[Premium Bond]]s and [[National Savings and Investments]]. [[Dennis Eagle]] makes bin wagons in Marton; [[Tangerine Confectionery]] are based at Little Marton, with another factory to the east, just south of the main government building site. The [[Service Personnel and Veterans Agency]] (MoD's pensions, former [[Veterans Agency]]) is off the [[A585 road|A585]] in east Blackpool at the B268 roundabout at Norcross in the south of [[Anchorsholme]]. The NS & I office of Blackpool is on the [[A583 road|A583]], off the M55 Marton Circle, in [[Marton, Blackpool|Little Marton]] on the eastern edge of the town. [[Disability Living Allowance]], replaced by [[Personal Independence Payment]], is administered by the DWP, with the [[Disablement Services Authority]] at [[Warbreck House]] west of the [[A587 road|A587]], accessed from the B5265 and next to [[Bispham High School Arts College|Bispham High School]]. At the end of the M55 (junction 4) off the A5230 in [[Westby-with-Plumptons]] is DWP's large [[Peel Park Control Centre]], on the Blackpool boundary. Amber Taverns is near [[Blackpool North railway station]]. To the north of Peel Park, next to the Clifton Retail Park in [[Mereside]] is [[Glasdon]] ([[Street furniture|roadside furniture]]), off the A583.
[[Burton's Biscuit Company]] (owned since November 2013 by the [[Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan]]) have many head office functions in [[Layton, Blackpool]] and a factory off the B5124, in the south of Warbreck, next to the [[Blackpool Branch Lines|railway line]], which makes [[Maryland Cookies]], [[Cadbury Fingers]] and [[Wagon Wheels]] (with another main factory in [[Torfaen]], south Wales); it is the UK's second largest biscuit maker and was founded in Blackpool.

[[Crown Paints]] is in [[Darwen]] (500).<ref name=LTRecr/> [[DS Smith]] have the Hollins paper mill just south of junction 4 of the M65, off the A666 in Darwen, which is set to close. Across the M65 to the north [[Apeks]] make [[diving equipment]] at [[Blackamoor, Lancashire|Blackamoor]]. [[Graham & Brown]] at Blackburn make fancy wallpaper, next to the Leeds & Liverpool Canal, and off the A6077 is [[CWV (company)|CWV]] ([[Coloroll]] and [[Crown Wallpaper]]); [[Capita Group]] runs [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|TV Licensing]] in the middle of the town; [[Lucite International]] has its main plant on the A666 in the north of the town centre, where it makes [[Lucite]]; this site, under ICI Acrylics, manufactured the [[perspex]] for wartime aircraft canopies from 1940, becoming Ineos Acrylics from 1999 until 2002 and the company is the world's largest manufacturer of [[methyl methacrylate]] (MMA); [[ICI Acrylics]] invented the process to make perspex in 1936; the granular form of Perspex was known by ICI as Leukon. [[Tensar|Tensar International]], invented and manufacture [[geogrid]]s for construction, off the A6077 near junction 5 of the M65 in Blackburn near the B6231 roundabout; nearby is [[A. M. Castle & Co.|Castle Metals]] UK; also on the Shadsworth Business Park is [[Evertaut]], who make [[auditorium]] seating.

===Greater Manchester===
{{Main|Greater Manchester#Economy}}
{{See also|Economy of Manchester|List of companies based in Greater Manchester|Liverpool–Manchester rivalry}}
[[Tyco International|Tyco]] UK is based on the A62 in [[Newton Heath]]. [[Joseph Holt's Brewery]] is off the A665 next to [[Manchester (HM Prison)|Strangeways prison]]; [[Boddingtons]]' [[Strangeways Brewery]] closed in 2006. [[Avecia]] (biotechnology) is off the A664 in the Hexagon Tower in [[Blackley]] near the [[North Manchester General Hospital]]. North of the hospital at [[Crumpsall]] was [[B3 Cable Solutions]], the UK's only former manufacturer of [[telecommunications cable]]s, based next to the [[River Irk]]. Heineken (former [[Scottish & Newcastle]]) have their large Royal Brewery in Moss Side next to the A5103, north of the B5219 junction. [[Admiral Sportswear]] are in [[Northenden]]. [[British Textile Technology Group]] is in Didsbury. [[Timpson (retailer)|Timpson]] is in [[Wythenshawe]]; [[Sharwood's]] used to make their sauces there until Premier Foods moved production to [[Bury St Edmunds]] in 2008. [[Duerr's]] make honey and jam at the Roundthorn Ind Estate in Wythenshawe, off the [[A560 road|A560]].

[[Shell UK]] (retail) was at [[Rowlandsway House]] in Wythenshawe until 2011 and has moved to Brabazon House nearby on the Concord Business Park; [[Royal Dutch Shell]], [[List of largest companies by revenue|by revenue]] ($458bn) in 2010, was the world's largest company, with [[ExxonMobil]] second. Electrium make their Wylex [[Distribution board|fuse boxes]] on the B5168 and B5166 in Wythenshawe, north of the [[Sharston]] Interchange of the M56; to the west is a plant of the [[Heimbach Group]]. [[PZ Cussons]] (formerly in [[Cheadle Heath]]) is off the Airport Interchange of the M56, with a manufacturing site on the former [[Agecroft Colliery]] next to the [[Ribble Valley Line|railway]] in Pendlebury, Salford, off the A6044. Nearby in [[Moss Nook]] is [[Franke (company)|Franke UK]], the world's largest manufacturer of domestic [[sink]]s and [[Simon Carves]] ([[process engineering]]), and [[Renold|Renold plc]] is an international chain company based on the B5166, off the Manchester Airport spur of the M56. [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] have a [[Fulfillment house|fulfilment centre]] off the A538 west of the airport, south of the Hale Four Seasons Roundabout of the M56.

[[N Brown Group]] (JD Williams) is one of Britain's main clothing manufacturers and retailers, and based in
central Manchester near the A62/A665 junction and Sir [[Owen Williams (engineer)|Owen William]]'s [[Daily Express Building, Manchester|Daily Express Building]], and owns well-known brands. [[Gazprom|Gazprom Energy]] is on [[Quay Street]] (A34) towards the River Irwell.

[[File:Heinz - geograph.org.uk - 1224705.jpg|thumb|right|[[H. J. Heinz Company|Heinz]], although based in [[Hayes, Hillingdon|Hayes]] in [[Middlesex]], has the [[H. J. Heinz, Wigan|largest food processing complex]] in Europe at a {{cvt|55|acre|ha|adj=on}} site at [[Kitt Green]] in Wigan, which produces 1.4&nbsp;billion cans of food each year; it is accessed to the east of the [[Orrell, Greater Manchester|Orrell]] Interchange of the M6 ([[A577 road|A577]]); the 38-acre Heinz NDC is next door]]
[[JJB Sports]] is at [[Marsh Green, Wigan|Marsh Green]] near the [[River Douglas, Lancashire|River Douglas]], set up by former footballer [[Dave Whelan]] who owns [[Wigan Athletic F.C.]]; also in Wigan are [[The Tote]], [[Shearings Holidays]] and [[Girobank]], and [[R&R Ice Cream]] (former [[Richmond Foods]]) make [[De Roma]] ice cream. [[Contitech]] UK (part of Continental AG) makes industrial [[Belt (mechanical)|belt]]s off the [[A587 road|A587]] in [[Bickershaw]], between Wigan and Leigh. Bulldog Tools make [[spade]]s on the A577 in the east of Wigan. [[Electrium]] ([[Volex]]) make [[Electrical wiring in the United Kingdom|electrical wiring]] off the A578, north of [[Westleigh, Greater Manchester|Westleigh]]. Ainscough Crane Hire is the UK's largest lifting services company on Bradley Hall Est in [[Standish, Greater Manchester|Standish]], next to the WCML. Off the A580 at the [[A573 road|A573]] roundabout at [[Golborne]], at Stone Cross Park south of the borough, is [[Alpla]] UK (plastic bottles) and [[Sofology]] (furniture).

[[Makro]] is in [[Eccles, Greater Manchester|Eccles]]. [[Akcros Chemicals]] are off the A576. [[Cooper & Stollbrand]] make premium garments next to the River Irwell on Cambridge Ind Est in [[Broughton, Greater Manchester|Lower Broughton]]. On the Bolton boundary in north of the borough in [[Little Hulton]], [[Eaton Corporation|Eaton Transmissions]] closed in 2006, with production moving to [[Tczew]] in Poland. Colgate closed its toothpaste factory in October 2008, on the [[A5066 road|A5066]], and is now called [[Soapworks]], near the former [[Manchester Docks|Pomona Docks]] in [[Ordsall, Greater Manchester|Ordsall]]. [[Pentair]] Safety Systems have a main site in [[Linnyshaw]], west of the M61 [[Worsley Braided Interchange]].
[[File:Back o' th' Bank House, Hereford St, Bolton - geograph.org.uk - 158440.jpg|thumb|right|Head office of Warburtons in Bolton in April 2006]]

[[Sock Shop]] is in Bolton, and [[MBDA]] ([[Matra]] [[BAe Dynamics]] [[Alenia Marconi Systems|Alenia]], owned 37.5% by BAE Systems) makes missiles in [[Lostock, Bolton|Lostock]] near the Horwich Link Interchange of the M61; it is the historic main manufacturing site of Britain's aircraft-launched missiles; MBDA Lostock is MBDA's largest production site (of the whole company) and makes the air-to-air [[ASRAAM]] (found on the Eurofighter) and the air-to-surface [[active radar homing]] [[Brimstone (missile)]] designed by GEC-Marconi in the 1990s, and previously made the [[Rapier (missile)|Rapier]] [[surface-to-air missile]], and the [[De Havilland Firestreak]], Britain's first ([[infrared homing]]) [[air-to-air missile]]. [[Cash Generator]] is south of the borough off the [[A575 road|A575]] in [[Farnworth]], north of the Salford boundary; [[Cosatto]] (nursery equipment) is on the A575 [[Moses Gate]], in East Farnworth. [[dabs.com]], an e-commerce site owned by BT, is in [[Wingates]] ([[Westhoughton]]), west of Bolton off the A6 and the [[Horwich]] Link Interchange of the M61, next to [[Krones]] UK (German) on the Wingates Ind Est, which produces machinery for bottling manufacture; nearby is a hologram factory of [[De La Rue]]. [[Benteler International|Benteler]] UK ([[carbon steel]] tubes) is next to the [[River Croal]] off the A58 at [[Tonge Moor]] next to [[Astley Bridge]] in north Bolton and to the south [[PMT Italia|PMT Industries]] makes paper drying machines. [[Severfield]], opposite MBDA in Lostock) built steel structures for [[Olympic Stadium (London)|Olympic Stadium]], the [[Lee Valley VeloPark|Velodrome]], the [[Basketball Arena (London)|Basketball Arena]], the [[ArcelorMittal Orbit]], and the [[Copper Box|Handball Centre]], as well as numerous well-known [[Structural steel|steel structures]] around the UK, such as [[Aspire (sculpture)|Aspire]], and the [[Clyde Arc]].

[[BAE Systems]] built aircraft in [[Chadderton]] and Woodford in Stockport (former [[Avro]]) off the A5102 (the eastern half of the airfield is in [[Cheshire East]]); the [[British Aerospace 146|BAe 146]] (Avro RJ) was manufactured at Woodford until 2001. [[Senior plc|Senior Aerospace BWT]] at [[Adlington, Cheshire]] off the A523 at the eastern end of Woodford Aerodrome, make air-conditioning systems for [[business jet]]s. [[Det Norske Veritas|DNV]] UK (engineering standards), [[National Tyres and Autocare|National Tyre Service]] (at the A5145/A6 junction) and Britain's first [[internet bank]] [[Smile (bank)|Smile]] (founded by the Co-op in 1999) are nearby in Stockport. [[Wienerberger]] UK, the Austrian brick company who own Baggeridge, are based at the [[Cheadle Royal Business Park]] at the B5358/A34 junction, as is [[Umbro]], and [[Agilent Technologies]] UK (biomedical equipment), and [[Chiesi]] UK ([[Pulmonology|respiratory medicine]]). [[DBS Civilian HR]] (the former Pay and Personnel Agency) is off A555 at [[Cheadle Hulme]]. [[Adidas|Adidas UK]] is in [[Bramhall Moor]], [[Hazel Grove]] off the A5143, and further south is [[NXP Semiconductors]] UK which make [[MOSFET]]s; on the opposite side of the railway is [[MAN Diesel & Turbo]], which is next to [[Stepping Hill Hospital]]. [[BASF|BASF UK]] is in [[Handforth]] next to the A34/[[A555 road|A555]] junction on the Cheshire boundary. [[Thales Underwater Systems]] (former [[Thomson Marconi Sonar|Ferranti Thomson Sonar Systems]]) is in [[Cheadle Heath]]. [[McVitie's]] make their [[Jaffa Cakes]], [[Penguin (biscuit)|Penguins]] and [[Digestive biscuit|chocolate digestives]] at a factory in South Manchester on the A6.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unitedbiscuits.com/about-us.php |title=About |publisher=United Biscuits |access-date=17 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527220829/http://www.unitedbiscuits.com/about-us.php |archive-date=27 May 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Jysk (store)|JYSK]] UK (mattresses) are off the A523 near the A6 junction. [[Pilkington's Tiles]] are based on Bredbury Park Ind Est, near a main factory of Renold Chain on the A6017 off the M60 Bredbury Interchange; also in [[Bredbury]] off the [[A6017 road|A6017]] is [[Janome]] UK ([[sewing machine]]s).

[[Russell Hobbs]] is in the south of the borough at [[Failsworth]] on the [[A62 road|A62]], west of the M60 Hollinwood Interchange; nearby to the [[Hollinwood railway station]] in Oldham, [[Trinity Mirror]] (former Mirror Colour Print before 2006) prints the ''Mirror'' and ''Independent'' for the north of England, as well as the ''Manchester Evening News'' and ''Liverpool Echo''. [[Diodes Incorporated|Diodes Semiconductors]] (former Zetex) based off the A669 in [[Alder Root]], Chadderton, is a leader in [[LED lamp|LED lighting]]. [[Money Controls]], in Royton in the north of the borough, make [[currency detector]]s, being owned by [[Crane Merchandising Systems|Crane Payment Solutions]], and [[Pulse Home Products]] (makes [[Breville]], owned by [[Jarden]] in Florida) is on the B6195. [[BAE Chadderton]] was next to the M60 and B6393, and a [[Caldervale Line|railway]], and closed in March 2012; later a repair facility, it built the [[Avro Lancaster|Lancaster]] and [[Avro Vulcan|Vulcan]]. [[Mölnlycke Health Care]] UK on the B6194 in central Oldham make [[Scrubs (clothing)|surgical clothing]] and [[Surgical mask|mask]]s. Shop Direct have their [[Shaw National Distribution Centre]].

Revolution Bars Group (former Inventive Leisure before December 2014), who own the [[Revolution (vodka bars)|Revolution]] pub chain, are in [[Ashton-under-Lyne]]. [[Kerry Group|Kerry Foods]] at [[Godley, Greater Manchester|Godley Hill]] (Hyde) on the A57 make Richmond and [[Wall's (meat)|Wall's]] sausages. [[Robertson's]] (now owned by [[Premier Foods]] since it was bought from [[Rank Hovis McDougall]]) moved their marmalade (Golden Shred) and jam processing from [[Droylsden]] to [[Histon]] (Cambridgeshire) in October 2008. [[Brother Industries|Brother]] Europe (typewriters and sewing machines) are at [[Hooley Hill]] on the A6017 next to [[Guide Bridge railway station]], east of the Snipe Interchange of the M60. [[Outdoor Sports Company]] owner of [[Mountain Equipment (company)|Mountain Equipment]], [[Ronhill]] (running clothing), and Sprayway, are based off the B6468 in Hyde.

[[Cotton Traders]] are in Altrincham, and [[Dulux|Dulux Decorator Centres]] is in [[Timperley|West Timperley]]. [[Britannia Hotels]] is on the [[A538 road|A538]] in Hale near the A5144 junction. [[LyondellBasell]] UK (former [[Basell Polyolefins]]), makes [[polypropylene]] resin at [[Carrington Works]], off the [[A6144(M) motorway|A6144]] (former motorway) in [[Carrington, Greater Manchester|Carrington]], off the Carrington Interchange of the M60, which was set up to exploit the British-invented [[Catarole process]], later bought by Shell in 1955. [[Ethel Austin]] is in Altrincham (formerly Knowsley until 2010). [[Virtalis]] ([[virtual reality]]) is off the B5397 near [[Dane Road Metrolink station]] in Sale. [[S2Blue]], a radio jingles company run by [[Steve England]], is off the A6144 near the B5165 junction, in [[Ashton upon Mersey]] in the former studios of [[Alfasound]] (having moved from [[Leek, Staffordshire|Leek]] in 2013). [[HomeForm Group]], owner of [[Moben Kitchens|Möben Kitchens]], [[Sharps Bedrooms]] and Dolphin Bathrooms until 2011, was on the [[A56 road|A56]] in [[Old Trafford (district)|Old Trafford]]. [[Itron]] UK (flow metering) have a plant at the A56/A5014 junction at [[Gorse Hill]]in Stretford; further along the A5014 there is Kelloggs UK HQ next to the Old Trafford cricket ground. [[Regatta (clothing)|Regatta]] and [[Craghoppers]] are on Barton Dock Road (B5211), near the [[Trafford Centre]] (the base of [[The Peel Group]]), on the other side of the A5081. [[Holt Lloyd]], known as Holts, the largest car care company in the world in the 1980s, now owned by Honeywell Consumer Products Group, is based on Barton Dock Road (B5211), at Merlin Park on the south of Trafford Park, off the M60 Lostock Circle. On Trafford Park near the A576 [[Centenary Bridge (Manchester)|Centenary Bridge]] [[Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget|SCA]] makes household tissue products (owned by [[Procter & Gamble|P&G]] before 2007), and next door is P&G's Manchester Plant which makes its ''[[Pampers]]'' nappies. [[The Fragrance Shop]] is based near [[Trafford Ecology Park]], on Trafford Park. [[Soreen]] is made south of Trafford Park, next to the Bridgewater Canal off the A5081 Parkway Circle roundabout; next door UK Data Capture (Lockheed Martin) processed all the [[2011 United Kingdom census|2011]] census data.

[[File:The Best to You Each Morning^ - geograph.org.uk - 47831.jpg|thumb|left|Kelloggs in Manchester, looking north along the A5181 next to [[Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service|GMFRS]]'s Stretford Area Command HQ; the site is the largest producer of cereals in Europe]]
[[Kelloggs]] is in [[Trafford Park]] (Manchester); to the north Adidas have their European distribution centre, and nearby [[TDG Limited|TDG]] was on the industrial estate, until bought by [[Norbert Dentressangle]] in 2011. [[DHL Freight]] UK is at [[Manchester International Freight Terminal]], west of the Old Trafford football ground. [[Chemtura]] (chemicals, former site of [[Ciba-Geigy]]) is between the A576 and B5214 towards the north end of the industrial park. [[Lucchini RS|Lucchini]] UK (railway [[Wheelset (rail transport)|wheelset]]s and axles) are on Trafford Park off the B5214, and are a main supplier for UK trains. [[Ocean Finance]] is on Trafford Park (previously in [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]]). [[Hot Animation]], who made ''[[Bob the Builder]]'', are on Hanover Business Park in the east of Altrincham, in [[Broadheath, Greater Manchester|Broadheath]]; to the south towards the Bridgewater Canal, across a [[Warrington and Altrincham Junction Railway|former railway]], on the Altrincham Ind Est, [[Girlguiding]] UK run their trading service.

[[File:JD Sports, Belfast, March 2011.JPG|thumb|right|150px|JD Sports (in Belfast), the largest company in Bury]]
[[JD Sports]] is west of the [[Pilsworth]] Interchange of the M66 in [[Unsworth]] south of [[Bury, Greater Manchester|Bury]]; [[Birthdays (retailer)|Birthdays]] is west of the Heap Bridge Interchange; Tetrosyl Group Ltd, UK maker of car care products are at [[Walmersley]], off the A56 and also at junction 2 (A58) of the M66. At A6053/A56 junction in [[Redvales]], to the south of Bury is [[Swintex|Melba Swintex]], a main supplier of [[street furniture]]—[[traffic cone]]s and [[Traffic barrier|barrier]]s, claiming to be a world leader. [[Milliken & Company|Milliken]] make airbags on the A58, south-west of Bury.

PTG (Holroyd Machine Tools) are based off the M62 [[Milnrow]] Interchange; nearby off the A6193 are [[Takeuchi Manufacturing]] UK (construction equipment). [[Premier Foods]] make [[Sarson's]] on the A669 near [[Mills Hill railway station]] in [[Middleton, Greater Manchester|Middleton]]; on the opposite side of the railway [[Vita Group]] make [[List of polyurethane applications|polyurethane foam]] (Vitafoam, the largest supplier in the UK). Voith Paper have a servicing centre on the [[A576 road|A576]], west of Middleton town centre. The [[Co-op UK|Co-op]] is based in Manchester and [[Rochdale]]. [[Minky Homecare]] ([[Housekeeping|household cleaning]]) and [[Freudenberg Group|Freudenberg Household Products]] UK is in the centre of Rochdale off the [[A671 road|A671]]. Zen Internet is at Sandbrook House on [[Sandbrook Park]] at end of the [[A627(M) motorway|A627(M)]] off the A664 in Stoneyfield in the south of Rochdale, and next door is the HQ of [[The Co-operative Pharmacy]]. [[We Buy Any Car]] is at [[Castleton, Greater Manchester|Castleton]] near the A664, in the south-west of Rochdale, the same site of [[Carcraft]]. [[C.H. Guenther|Guenther Bakeries]] (owned by Golden West, part of RHM, until 2005) in the south of Heywood, east of the large Heywood Distribution Park, makes the bread buns for [[McDonald's]] (with another site in Banbury).

===Merseyside===
{{Main|Merseyside#Economy}}
{{See also|Economy of Liverpool}}
[[File:Littlewoods Building.jpg|thumb|left|The 1938 [[Littlewoods Pools building|Littlewood's Building]] next to [[Wavertree Technology Park]], on [[Edge Lane]], looking east from [[Liverpool Cathedral]] ]]

[[Pilkington]] is in [[St Helens, Merseyside|St. Helens]]; [[Knauf Insulation]] UK, is south-west of the town centre. [[Alumasc]] Exterior Building Products is on B5204 near [[St Helens Junction railway station]] in [[Sutton, St Helens|Sutton]]. [[Kalzip]], a division of [[Tata Steel Europe]], make aluminium roofs in [[Haydock]]; GCE Group UK, who make [[Medical gas supply|medical gas controllers]] and [[diving regulator]]s, are on the [[A599 road|A599]] near the M6 Haydock Island; to the north-west is a large Sainsbury's RDC; further up the A49 before Ashton-in-Makerfield and [[Byrchall High School]] is [[Speedy Hire]], the biggest hire firm in the UK. [[Vimto]] is owned by [[Nichols plc]] of [[Newton-le-Willows]], although actually made by [[Cott|Cott Beverages]] in north [[Leicestershire]].

[[Littlewoods]] are in [[Garston, Merseyside|Garston]], who are owned by the [[Shop Direct Group]] in [[Speke]]. [[Princes (company)|Princes]], [[Johnsons Cleaners UK]], [[A. P. Moller-Maersk Group|Maersk Line UK]], the [[Beetham Organization]], [[John West Foods]], [[Bibby Line]], [[Home Bargains]], the [[Royal Liver Friendly Society|Royal Liver Assurance]] and [[T J Hughes]] have their headquarters in Liverpool. Towards [[Aintree]], [[Jacob's]] and their crackers are historically based, and also make [[Twiglets]] at their site at [[Hartley's]] Village in [[Fazakerley]], and nearby is [[Sportech PLC]], owner of the [[football pool]]s; Trigon Snacks make [[Big D (peanuts)]] in Aintree, and have done since the 1970s on the Greylaw Ind Est off the B5187, near the [[Archbishop Beck Catholic Sports College]]. HMRC's (former Inland Revenue) [[National Insolvency Unit]] is at [[Regian House]] (previously at [[Queen's Dock, Port of Liverpool|Queen's Dock]]) opposite [[Liverpool James Street railway station]] and next to Liverpool's [[Armed Forces Careers Office]]. The Criminal Records Bureau is on [[Prince's Dock, Liverpool|Prince's Dock]], since 2013 part of the new [[Disclosure and Barring Service]] (with the former [[Independent Safeguarding Authority|ISA]] in Darlington). The [[Defence Bills Agency]] was at Mersey House next to St James railway station, now part of [[Defence Business Services|DBS Finance]].

[[Tangerine Confectionery]] makes its Princess [[marshmallow]]s off [[Edge Lane]] (A5047) in east Liverpool, west of Wavertree Technology Park. [[Home Bargains]] are off the [[A580 road|A580]] west of junction 4 of the M57, on the Knowsley boundary at [[Stonebridge Park, Liverpool|Stonebridge Park]]. [[JF Renshaw]] (Renshaw Napier), who have a Royal warrant, make [[Icing (food)|cake icing]] on the [[A562 road|A562]] next to the [[Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust|Liverpool Women's Hospital]] in Edge Hill; 90% of the UK's [[marzipan]] comes from this factory. At Speke on the A561, west of the [[Jaguar Land Rover|JLR]] plant, partly in Knowsley, [[Novartis]] make vaccines such as [[Influenza vaccine|Fluvirin]], and directly to the south [[MedImmune]] (owned by [[AstraZeneca]]) makes components of influenza vaccine ([[Live attenuated influenza vaccine|FluMist]]); [[Briggs Automotive Company]] is on Speke Hall Ind Est, with HP Chemie Pelzer UK (automobile [[Absorption (acoustics)|acoustics]]). At [[Hunts Cross]] on the northern side of the railway line, the large [[Eli Lilly and Company|Eli Lilly]] Speke Operations manufacturing plant produces antibiotics such as [[Capreomycin]], and in 1981 produced the world's first [[Biosynthesis|biosynthetic]] product, by manufacturing [[biologic medical product|biologic]] insulin, and has also produced biosynthetic human [[growth hormone]] since 1985; the plant was owned by [[The Distillers Company]] after the war until 1962, where it made penicillin and later made [[thalidomide]]. Near the A561/A562 junction, the [[Northwest Regional Development Agency|NWDA]]-funded [[National Biomanufacturing Centre]] was built in 2006. On the south side of the A561 in Speke is Estuary Commerce Park. Further to south is [[Prinovis]] UK and [[B & M]] (previously in Blackpool) on the Liverpool International Business Park; on the former Speke Aerodrome is [[Shop Direct]] near the National Biomanufacturing Centre.
[[File:Entrance to Cereal Partners UK factory, Bromborough.jpg|thumb|left|[[Cereal Partners Worldwide|Cereal Partners]] UK ([[Nestlé]]) make [[Cheerios]] and [[Golden Nuggets]] on the A41 opposite Port Sunlight at [[Bromborough]], also the base of [[CSM N.V.|CSM]] UK, the baking ingredients company based at a former Unilever [[Stork (margarine)|Stork]] margarine site.]]

[[Jaguar Land Rover]] has 166 acres of its main [[Halewood Body & Assembly|production site]] (formerly owned by [[Ford of Europe|Ford]]) in [[Halewood]], making the [[Land Rover Freelander|Freelander]] and [[Range Rover Evoque]]. [[Getrag|Getrag Ford Transmissions]], make 400,000 [[Automatic transmission|automatic]] and [[manual transmission]]s next door to the east of JLR's Halewood plant, for Ford, Volvo and Mazda vehicles. [[Magna International|Magna Decoma]], west of JLR Halewood and east of Novartis, make car interiors and exteriors. [[Dairy Crest]] makes [[Vitalite]] and [[Utterly Butterly]] on the A5207 in [[Kirkby]], off the M57 Randles Farm Interchange, opposite a former site of [[Ethel Austin]]; to the east of Dairy Crest is [[Yorkshire Copper Tube]], Britain's main manufacturer of [[copper tubing]], owned by Italian [[KME Group]]; Counterline make [[foodservice]] counters on Knowsley Business Park; [[Clarke Energy]] is on the [[A5208 road|A5208]]. Further north on the estate next to the A5208 is [[QVC (UK)|QVC UK]]'s distribution centre, with all three in Kirkby. Further north, next to the Lancashire boundary is Goodrich Actuation Systems on the Huyton Ind Est (in former Huyton Quarry) on the north-west side of the M62 [[Tarbock Island]] (off the A5080) in [[Tarbock]]. Next door [[Halewood International]], who make [[Lambrini]], Red Square, [[Lamb's]] Navy Rum and some [[alcopop]]s, are in [[Whitefield Lane End]], in the south of [[Huyton]] at the M62/M57 junction. Belling Ltd (owned by [[Glen Dimplex]]) is in [[Whiston, Merseyside|Whiston]], next to the large [[Whiston Hospital]]; Glen Dimplex Whiston is the UK's only manufacturer of cookers, around 350,000 a year (Stoves plc before 2001), and also owns [[LEC Refrigeration|LEC]] fridges. Manesty manufactures medicine tablets off the B5194 on the Knowsley Business Park. Nationwide fashion retailer [[Matalan]] has its head office and main distribution centre in the north of the Knowsley Ind Est (at Skelmersdale until 2014); the Knowsley Ind Estate is all on the former [[ROF Kirkby]]. [[Camelot Group]] have their Liverpool Prize Payout Centre on the Kings Business Park on the A57, west of the M57 Forest House Interchange.

[[File:Unilever Research Laboratory - geograph.org.uk - 524705.jpg|thumb|right|[[Unilever Research & Development Port Sunlight Laboratory|Unilever Research Laboratory]] at Port Sunlight ([[Bebington]]) looking west, next to the [[Wirral Line]] ]]
[[Typhoo]] tea is made in [[Moreton, Merseyside|Moreton]] off the A551 next to [[Moreton (Merseyside) railway station|Moreton railway station]], and on the same site there is Manor Bakeries ([[Premier Foods]], former [[J. Lyons and Co.|Lyons Cakes]], before April 1995) who make [[List of Cadbury products|mini rolls]], and a factory of [[Burton's Biscuit Company]] closed in December 2011 which made Cadbury's biscuits ([[Cadbury Fingers]]) and [[Wagon Wheels]], where they still have a chocolate refinery. [[Bristol-Myers Squibb]] UK have their main research laboratories east of the Moreton bakery, near [[Leasowe railway station]]. [[CML Group]] (part of [[Teledyne Technologies|Teledyne]]) makes composites and aircraft components off the A41 at Bromborough near [[Eastham, Merseyside|Eastham Country Park]]; to the south is [[Einhell]] UK (power tools). [[Stiebel Eltron]] UK (heat pumps) nearby, are near [[Meyer Corporation|Meyer]] [[Prestige (cookware)|Prestige]] who make [[Cookware and bakeware|cookware]] (who also own Circulon and [[Anolon]]) and [[Givaudan]] UK have a fragrances factory. [[Lithium Corporation of America|FMC Lithium]], east of the A41 at Wirral International Business Park, makes [[butyllithium]] and other [[Organometallic chemistry|organometallic]] compounds. At [[Port Sunlight]], [[Unilever]] make and research detergents and shampoo, such as ''[[Timotei]]'' and ''[[Sunsilk]]'', as well as ''[[Comfort (fabric softener)|Comfort]]'' and ''Persil Liquid''. [[Cammell Laird]] at Birkenhead build ships, including two [[UGM-27 Polaris|Polaris]] [[Resolution-class submarine]]s in the 1960s; on [[Twelve Quays]] off the [[A554 road|A554]] is [[Faiveley Transport]] UK (railway electrical components). [[Survitec Group|RFD Beaufort]] (known as Beaufort Air-Sea Equipment in the 1980s) make [[G-suit]]s for [[fighter aircraft]] and [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|liferaft]]s. [[Eastham Oil Terminal|Eastham Refinery]] off junction 6 of the M53, at [[Eastham, Merseyside|Eastham]] in Wirral, just north of Hooton Park (in Cheshire), is owned by [[Nynas]].

[[File:National Girobank (Alliance and Leicester) HQ - geograph.org.uk - 105597 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Former head office of the [[Girobank]] in Bootle; it closed in 2003; it was taken over by [[Alliance & Leicester]] in 1990; it was established in Bootle in the late 1960s with help from Hugh Baird; it was the first financial institution in Europe to be fully computerised from the start]]
[[Pontins]] is in [[Ainsdale]], Sefton. HMRC at [[St John's House, Bootle|St John's House]] on the A5057 in Bootle, is the national office for dealing with tax for [[individual savings account]]s (ISAs) and other savings schemes, charities ([[Gift Aid]]), [[non-resident trust]]s, and [[Domicile (law)|domicile]] status; opposite is [[Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council|Sefton Council]]'s Magdalen House. Nearby to the west on the A5057, the [[Health and Safety Executive|HSE]] and [[Office for Nuclear Regulation]] have their head office at [[Redgrave Court]], near the main site of [[Hugh Baird College]]. The [[Inland Revenue]] had its main office at [[The Triad, Bootle|The Triad]] in Bootle, next to the [[New Strand Shopping Centre|Strand Shopping Centre]], and the site is still run by HMRC. [[Unipart Dorman]] make LED traffic lights near [[Meols Cop railway station]] in [[Blowick]], east of Southport; to the north at [[Crossens]], [[Railex]] make [[filing cabinet]]s.

===Cumbria===
{{Main|Cumbria#Economy}}

[[Royal Navy]] submarines and ships are made by [[BAE Systems Submarine Solutions]] in [[Barrow-in-Furness]]. The coast of [[Cumbria]] is known as Britain's Energy Coast due to the large amounts of energy being produced along the coast of the county; [[Sellafield]] is a power station which is located in West Cumbria and is a major contributor to the "Energy Coast" also, [[Barrow-in-Furness]] is major town in contributing to the "Energy Coast" with a power station ([[Roosecote Power Station]]), Gas Terminals ([[Rampside Gas Terminal]]) and an offshore wind farm ([[Walney Wind Farm]]) which is approximately 14&nbsp;km (8.6 miles) west of the town's coastline with some of the largest wind turbines on Earth. On the [[Westlakes Science & Technology Park]] off the A595 south of Whitehaven, is the [[Nuclear Decommissioning Authority]] (in Herdus House).

The [[British Cattle Movement Service]] is at Workington next to [[Tata Steel Europe|Tata Steel Projects]], near a site of the [[National Nuclear Laboratory]] on Derwent Howe Ind Est. [[Iggesund Paperboard]] is south of Workington, off the [[A596 road|A596]]; next door is [[Eastman Chemical Company|Eastman Chemical]]. [[Amcor|Amcor Flexibles Cumbria]] (former Alcan before 2009) in the south of Workington prints [[Potato chip|crisp packets]] and confectionery wrappers, for distribution around the UK's factories.

The [[Lake District]] is popular with holiday makers. The [[Nuclear Decommissioning Authority]] is near Whitehaven. [[Lakeland (company)|Lakeland]], who make kitchenware, are in Windermere. [[Stobart Group]] is in [[Carlisle, Cumbria|Carlisle]]. [[M-Sport]], the [[Rallying|rally team]] at [[Dovenby Hall]], and [[Jennings Brewery]] are in [[Cockermouth]]. [[James Cropper (company)|James Cropper]], Europe's leading manufacturer of coloured paper, is in [[Burneside]], north of Kendal, on the [[River Kent]] near the [[A591 road|A591]]. Pirelli have their main UK tyre plant (for prestige cars) on the B5299 in south Carlisle; to the south in [[Cummersdale]] next to the [[River Caldew]], [[Stead McAlpin]] have a large textile site, formerly owned by [[John Lewis Partnership|John Lewis]]. [[BSW Timber]], the UK's largest [[sawmill]]ing company, has a large site north of Carlisle at [[Cargo, Cumbria|Cargo]] in [[Kingmoor]], next to [[Carlisle Kingmoor TMD]] on the WCML. [[BillerudKorsnäs]] had a paper mill at [[Beetham]] on the A6 next to the [[River Bela]] in the south of the county. [[Sealy Corporation|Sealy]] UK make beds and mattresses on the B5031 next to [[Aspatria railway station]] in north Cumbria, west of Carlisle; next door [[First Milk (company)|First Milk]] make [[Lake District Cheddar]]. Further east along the A596, [[Innovia Films]] (former British Rayophane) have a large site at [[Wigton]]. GSK Ulverston, built in 1949 as Glaxo to produce penicillin with a new plant to be built, makes [[cephalosporin]] antibiotics including [[cefuroxime]] and [[ceftazidime]].