Editing New Haven, Connecticut (section)

== Structures ==

=== Architecture ===
[[File:Yalenewhavenstructure1.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Collegiate Gothic architecture]] is popular in New Haven.]]

New Haven has many architectural landmarks dating from every important time period and architectural style in American history. The city has been home to a number of architects and architectural firms that have left their mark on the city including [[Ithiel Town]] and [[Henry Austin (architect)|Henry Austin]] in the 19th century and [[Cesar Pelli]], [[Warren Platner]], [[Kevin Roche]], [[Herbert Newman]] and [[Barry Svigals]] in the 20th. The [[Yale School of Architecture]] has fostered this important component of the city's economy. [[Cass Gilbert]], of the [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] school, designed New Haven's [[Union Station (New Haven)|Union Station]] and the New Haven Free Public Library and was also commissioned for a [[City Beautiful]] plan in 1919. [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], [[Marcel Breuer]], [[Alexander Jackson Davis]], [[Philip Johnson|Philip C. Johnson]], [[Gordon Bunshaft]], [[Louis Kahn]], [[James Gamble Rogers]], [[Frank Gehry]], [[Charles Willard Moore]], [[Behnisch Architekten|Stefan Behnisch]], [[James Polshek]], [[Paul Rudolph (architect)|Paul Rudolph]], [[Eero Saarinen]] and [[Robert Venturi]] all have designed buildings in New Haven. Yale's 1950s-era [[Ingalls Rink]], designed by Eero Saarinen, was included on the ''[[America's Favorite Architecture]]'' list created in 2007.<ref>[http://favoritearchitecture.org/afa150.php The American Institute of Architects] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510113118/http://favoritearchitecture.org/afa150.php |date=May 10, 2011 }}. Favoritearchitecture.org. Retrieved on July 15, 2013.</ref>

Several residential homes in New Haven were designed by Alice Washburn, a noted female architect whose Colonial Revival style set a standard for homes in the region.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/01/garden/still-mysterious-architect-gets-her-due.html |title=Still Mysterious, Architect Gets Her Due |first=Eve M. |last=Kahn |date=March 1, 1990 |access-date=April 7, 2021 |website=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=November 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106165044/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/01/garden/still-mysterious-architect-gets-her-due.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Many of the city's neighborhoods are well-preserved as walkable "museums" of 19th- and 20th-century American architecture, particularly by the [[New Haven Green]], [[Hillhouse Avenue]] and other residential sections close to [[Downtown New Haven]]. Overall, a large proportion of the city's land area is National (NRHP) historic districts. One of the best sources on local architecture is ''New Haven: Architecture and Urban Design'', by Elizabeth Mills Brown.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://downtownnewhaven.blogspot.com/2009/01/tribute-to-elizabeth-mills-brown-athena.html |title=Tribute to Elizabeth Mills Brown, 'Athena' of New Haven Preservation, January 2009 |publisher=Downtownnewhaven.blogspot.com |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814162807/http://downtownnewhaven.blogspot.com/2009/01/tribute-to-elizabeth-mills-brown-athena.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{see also|List of tallest buildings in New Haven}}

The five tallest buildings in New Haven are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/?id=102251 |title=Buildings of New Haven |publisher=Emporis.com |access-date=July 23, 2014 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224223556/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/?id=102251 |archive-date=December 24, 2010 }}</ref>

# [[Connecticut Financial Center]] 383&nbsp;ft (117m) 26 floors
# [[360 State Street]] 338&nbsp;ft (103m) 32 floors
# [[Knights of Columbus Building (New Haven, Connecticut)|Knights of Columbus Building]] 321&nbsp;ft (98m) 23 floors
# [[Kline Biology Tower]] 250&nbsp;ft (76m) 16 floors
# [[Crown Towers (New Haven, Connecticut)|Crown Towers]] 233&nbsp;ft (71m) 22 floors

=== Historic points of interest ===
[[File:NewHavenHillhouse5.JPG|thumb|The Graves-Dwight on Hillhouse Avenue]]

{{see also|National Register of Historic Places listings in New Haven, Connecticut}}
Many historical sites exist throughout the city, including [[National Register of Historic Places listings in New Haven, Connecticut|59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places]]. Of these, nine are among the [[List of National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut|60 U.S. National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut]]. The [[New Haven Green]], one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century churches. Below the First Church of Christ in New Haven (referred to as the Center Church on the Green) lies a 17th-century crypt, which is open to visitors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tales from the crypt: stones and stories from the basement of Center Church |url=http://ctcryptkeeper.wordpress.com |publisher=Center Church |access-date=May 31, 2021 |archive-date=May 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528033512/http://ctcryptkeeper.wordpress.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Some of the more famous burials include the first wife of [[Benedict Arnold]] and the aunt and grandmother of President [[Rutherford B. Hayes]]; Hayes visited the crypt while President in 1880.<ref>[http://www.newhavencenterchurch.org/crypt.html Center Church on-the-Green – The Crypt] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131223133606/http://www.newhavencenterchurch.org/crypt.html |date=December 23, 2013 }}. Newhavencenterchurch.org. Retrieved on August 2, 2013.</ref> The [[Old Campus]] of [[Yale University]] is located next to the Green, and includes [[Connecticut Hall]], Yale's oldest building and a National Historic Landmark. The [[Hillhouse Avenue]] area, which is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] and is also a part of Yale's campus, has been called a walkable museum, due to its 19th-century mansions and street scape; [[Charles Dickens]] is said to have called Hillhouse Avenue "the most beautiful street in America" when visiting the city in 1868.<ref>[http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/library/Tour/tour16.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901193810/http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/library/Tour/tour16.html|date=September 1, 2012 }}</ref>
[[File:Blackrockfort.jpg|thumb|right|The restored [[Fort Nathan Hale|Black Rock Fort]]]]

In 1660, [[Edward Whalley]] (a cousin and friend of [[Oliver Cromwell]]) and [[William Goffe]], two [[English Civil War]] generals who signed the death warrant of [[King Charles I of England|King Charles I]], hid in a rock formation in New Haven after having fled England upon the [[Restoration (England)|restoration]] of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] to the English throne.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Edward Whalley, the Regicide |author1=Robert Patterson Robins |author2=Edward Wale |author3=Sam. Hopkins |author4=G. T. Bratton |journal=The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=1877 |pages=55–66 |publisher=The Historical Society of Pennsylvania |jstor=20084256 }}</ref> They were later joined by a third [[regicide]], [[John Dixwell]]. The rock formation, which is now a part of [[West Rock Park]], is known as [[Judges' Cave]], and the path leading to the cave is called the [[Regicides Trail]].

After the [[American Revolutionary War]] broke out in 1776, the [[Connecticut Colony|Connecticut colonial government]] ordered the construction of [[Fort Nathan Hale|Black Rock Fort]] (to be built on top of an older 17th-century fort) to protect the port of New Haven. In 1779, during the [[Tryon's raid|Battle of New Haven]], British soldiers captured Black Rock Fort and burned the barracks to the ground. The fort was reconstructed in 1807 by the federal government (on orders from the [[Thomas Jefferson]] administration), and rechristened [[Fort Nathan Hale]], after the [[Nathan Hale|Revolutionary War hero]] who had lived in New Haven. The cannons of Fort Nathan Hale were successful in defying British war ships during the [[War of 1812]]. In 1863, during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], a [[Fort Nathan Hale|second Fort Hale]] was built next to the original, complete with bomb-resistant bunkers and a moat, to defend the city should a [[Confederate States of America|Southern raid]] against New Haven be launched. The [[United States Congress]] deeded the site to the state in 1921, and all three versions of the fort have been restored. The site is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and receives thousands of visitors each year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fort-nathan-hale.org/history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211200051/http://www.fort-nathan-hale.org/history.html |url-status=dead |title=Fort Nathan Hale History |archive-date=February 11, 2012 |website=Fort-nathan-hale.org }}</ref><ref>[http://www.northamericanforts.com/East/ct.html#blackrock Connecticut Forts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925224307/http://northamericanforts.com/East/ct.html#blackrock |date=September 25, 2010 }}. Northamericanforts.com (April 1, 2013). Retrieved on August 2, 2013.</ref>

[[Grove Street Cemetery]], a National Historic Landmark which lies adjacent to Yale's campus, contains the graves of [[Roger Sherman]], [[Eli Whitney]], [[Noah Webster]], [[Josiah Willard Gibbs]], [[Charles Goodyear]] and [[Walter Camp]], among other notable burials.<ref>[http://www.grovestreetcemetery.org/ Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven, Connecticut, USA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701102445/http://www.grovestreetcemetery.org/ |date=July 1, 2010 }}. Grovestreetcemetery.org. Retrieved on August 2, 2013.</ref> The cemetery is noted for its [[Egyptian Revival]] gateway, and is the oldest planned burial ground in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/nyregion/the-nations-first-planned-burial-ground.html |title=The Nation's First Planned Burial Ground |last=Risen |first=Clay |date=June 26, 2015 |work=The New York Times |access-date=February 11, 2018 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212084238/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/nyregion/the-nations-first-planned-burial-ground.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Union League|Union League Club]] of New Haven building, located on Chapel Street, is notable for not only being a historic [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] building, but also is built on the site where Roger Sherman's home once stood; [[George Washington]] is known to have stayed at the Sherman residence while President in 1789 (one of three times Washington visited New Haven throughout his lifetime).<ref>[http://historicbuildingsct.com/?p=2424 Historic Buildings of Connecticut » Blog Archive » Union League Club of New Haven (1902)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124135539/http://historicbuildingsct.com/?p=2424 |date=November 24, 2010 }}. Historicbuildingsct.com (January 26, 2010). Retrieved on August 2, 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.newhavenmuseum.org/files/news/summer07version2.pdf]{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic }}</ref>

Two sites pay homage to the time President and [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] [[William Howard Taft]] lived in the city, as both a student and later Professor at Yale: a plaque on Prospect Street marks the site where Taft's home formerly stood,<ref>Stannard, Ed. (February 8, 2009) [http://www.newhavenregister.com/articles/2009/02/08/news/new_haven/ctoldnewhaven.txt Photography exhibit reveals 'lost New Haven'- The New Haven Register – Serving New Haven, Connecticut] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306222022/http://www.newhavenregister.com/articles/2009/02/08/news/new_haven/ctoldnewhaven.txt |date=March 6, 2012 }}. The New Haven Register. Retrieved on August 2, 2013.</ref> and downtown's Taft Apartment Building (formerly the Taft Hotel) bears the name of the former president who resided in the building for eight years before becoming Chief Justice of the United States.<ref name="morganreed.com" />

Lighthouse Point Park, a public beach run by the city, was a popular tourist destination during the [[Roaring Twenties]], attracting luminaries of the period such as [[Babe Ruth]] and [[Ty Cobb]].<ref>[http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/Parks/ParksInformation/lighthousepoint.asp#pride Welcome to Department of Parks, Recreation and Trees] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306115038/http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/parks/parksinformation/lighthousepoint.asp#pride |date=March 6, 2010 }}. Cityofnewhaven.com. Retrieved on August 2, 2013.</ref> The park remains popular among New Haveners, and is home to the [[Five Mile Point Light]]house, constructed in 1847, and the Lighthouse Point [[Carousel]], constructed in 1916.<ref>[http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/Parks/ParksInformation/lighthousepoint.asp#The%20Present%20Lighthouse Welcome to Department of Parks, Recreation and Trees] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306115038/http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/parks/parksinformation/lighthousepoint.asp#The%20Present%20Lighthouse |date=March 6, 2010 }}. Cityofnewhaven.com. Retrieved on August 2, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/Parks/ParksInformation/carousel.asp#history |title=Welcome to Department of Parks, Recreation and Trees |publisher=Cityofnewhaven.com |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044233/http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/Parks/ParksInformation/carousel.asp#history |url-status=live }}</ref> Five Mile Point Light was decommissioned in 1877 following the construction of [[Southwest Ledge Light]] at the entrance of the harbor, which remains in service to this day. Both of the lighthouses and the carousel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Other historic sites in the city include the [[Soldiers and Sailors Monument (New Haven)|Soldiers and Sailors Monument]], which stands at the summit of [[East Rock]], the [[Marsh Botanical Garden]], [[Wooster Square]], [[Dwight Street Historic District|Dwight Street]], [[Louis' Lunch]], and the [[Farmington Canal]], all of which date back to the 19th century. Other historic parks besides the Green include [[Edgerton (Hamden and New Haven, Connecticut)|Edgerton Park]], [[Edgewood Park, New Haven|Edgewood Park]], and [[East Rock Park]], each of which is included on the National Register of Historic Places.