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==== Soviet Union ==== The USSR was relatively ineffective in its use of naval mines in WWII in comparison with its record in previous wars.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mine Warfare at Sea |last=Levie |first=Howard S. |year=1992 |publisher=Springer |isbn=0-7923-1526-X |page=92 }}</ref> Small mines were developed for use in rivers and lakes, and special mines for shallow water. A very large chemical mine was designed to sink through ice with the aid of a melting compound. Special aerial mine designs finally arrived in 1943β1944, the AMD-500 and AMD-1000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rusnavy.com/history/io7.htm |title=Rusnavy.com. ''The Soviet Navy at the Outbreak and During the Great Patriotic War: Introduction'' |publisher=Rusnavy.com |access-date=2013-07-07 |archive-date=16 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616113210/http://rusnavy.com/history/io7.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Various [[Soviet Naval Aviation]] torpedo bombers were pressed into the role of aerial mining in the [[Baltic Sea]] and the [[Black Sea]], including [[Ilyushin DB-3]]s, [[Ilyushin Il-4|Il-4]]s and [[Lend-Lease]] [[A-20 Havoc|Douglas Boston III]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.j-aircraft.com/research/George_Mellinger/soviet_order_of_battle.htm |title=George Mellinger. ''Sovet Air Forces "Autumn Storm" Air Order of Battle'' (2001) |publisher=J-aircraft.com |access-date=2013-07-07 |archive-date=13 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213075039/http://www.j-aircraft.com/research/George_Mellinger/soviet_order_of_battle.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
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