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==References== ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} {{reflist|group=Intel}} === Works cited === * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NNU7AQAAMAAJ&q=annual%20register%201803 |title=The Annual Register, Or, A View of the History, Politics, and Literature for the Year ... |date=1805 |publisher=J. Dodsley |editor-last=Adams |editor-first=John}} * {{Cite book |last=Andrew |first=Christopher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxttDwAAQBAJ |title=Secret World: A History of Intelligence |date=2018 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-24052-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Arnold |first=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=63xTTaYTbrwC |title=Napoleon Conquers Austria: The 1809 Campaign for Vienna |date=1995 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-94694-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Bell |first=David Avrom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pw5jup_LyHAC |title=The First Total War: Napoleon's Europe and the Birth of Warfare as We Know it |date=2007 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn=978-0-618-34965-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Black |first=Jeremy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3crAQAAIAAJ |title=The War of 1812 in the Age of Napoleon |date=2009 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=978-0-8061-4078-0}} * {{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=Asa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pEhUMgEACAAJ |title=The Making of Modern England, 1783–1867: The Age of Improvement |date=1959 |publisher=Harper & Row}} * {{Cite book |last=Bryant |first=Arthur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BzGgAAAAMAAJ&q=Years%20of%20victory:%201802%E2%80%931812 |title=Years of Victory, 1802–1812 |date=1944 |publisher=Collins}} * {{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Edmund |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J9g7AQAAMAAJ |title=The Annual Register, Or, A View of the History, Politics, and Literature for the Year ... |date=1808 |publisher=J. Dodsley}} * {{Citation |last=Canales |first=Esteban |title=1808–1814: demografía y guerra en España |url=http://www.uclm.es/ab/humanidades/profesores/descarga/manuel_ortiz/crisisregimen.pdf |year=2004 |publisher=[[Autonomous University of Barcelona]] |language=es |access-date=3 May 2017}} * {{Cite book |last=Chandler |first=David G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=guFnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Campaigns of Napoleon |date=1966 |publisher=Scribner |isbn=978-0-02-523660-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Clodfelter |first=Micheal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNzCDgAAQBAJ |title=Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015, 4th ed. |date=2017 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-2585-0}} * {{Cite book |last1=Desan |first1=Suzanne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jAyeDgAAQBAJ |title=The French Revolution in Global Perspective |last2=Hunt |first2=Lynn |last3=Nelson |first3=William Max |date=2013 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-8014-6747-9}} * {{cite book | last=Dwyer | first=Philip | year=2013 | title=Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power}} * {{Cite book |last=Esdaile |first=Charles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOR1NQEACAAJ |title=Napoleon's Wars: An International History, 1803–1815 |date=2009 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-311628-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PS4CVCq-70sC |title=The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World: 10th Anniversary Edition |date=2008 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-4406-5402-2}} * {{Cite book |last=Fremont-Barnes |first=Gregory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NpeHCwAAQBAJ |title=The Napoleonic Wars (3): The Peninsular War 1807–1814 |date=2014 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4728-0975-9}} * {{Cite book |last=Gates |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VN9nAAAAMAAJ |title=The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War |date=1986 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |isbn=978-0-04-940079-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Glover |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R68zQEACAAJ |title=Wellington's Peninsular Victories: Busaco, Salamanca, Vitoria, Nivelle |date=1963 |publisher=Macmillan}} * {{Cite journal |last=Götz |first=Norbert |date=2014-06-06 |title=The Good Plumpuddings' Belief: British Voluntary Aid to Sweden During the Napoleonic Wars |journal=The International History Review |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=519–539 |doi=10.1080/07075332.2014.918559 |issn=0707-5332 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite book |last=Grab |first=Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d48dBQAAQBAJ |title=Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe |date=2003 |publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education |isbn=978-1-4039-3757-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Grainger |first=John D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIKDcuLoGoC |title=The Amiens Truce: Britain and Bonaparte, 1801–1803 |date=2004 |publisher=Boydell Press |isbn=978-1-84383-041-2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gray |first=Colin S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ulRtsANRIK8C |title=War, Peace and International Relations: An Introduction to Strategic History |date=2007 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-16951-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Halévy |first=Elie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCs8AAAAIAAJ |title=A History of the English People ...: England in 1815 |date=1924 |publisher=Harcourt, Brace}} * {{cite book |title=Borodino 1812: Napoleon's great gamble |first=Philip |last=Haythornthwaite |collaboration=Illustrations and graphics by Peter Dennis |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |isbn=9781849086974 |date=20 September 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UaW6CwAAQBAJ |via=[[Google Books]] |editor1-first=Marcus |editor1-last=Cowper |series=Campaign |volume=246 |publication-place=[[London]], [[England]], United Kingdom of Great Britain |access-date=26 September 2021 }} * {{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Colin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EVNGNIojGgMC |title=The Cambridge Illustrated History of France |date=1994 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-66992-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Maldwyn Allen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2jUy7SJo04C |title=American Immigration |date=1992 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-40633-6 |editor-last=Boorstin |editor-first=Daniel J.}} * {{Cite book |last=Kagan |first=Frederick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZdjTr7DCcgC |title=The End of the Old Order: Napoleon and Europe, 1801–1805 |date=2007 |publisher=Hachette Books |isbn=978-0-306-81645-1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Keeling |first=Drew |year=1999 |title=The Transportation Revolution and Transatlantic Migration |journal=Research in Economic History |volume=19}} * {{Cite journal |last=Keeling |first=Drew |date=1 January 2007 |title=Transport Capacity Management and Transatlantic Migration, 1900–1914 |journal=Research in Economic History |publisher=Emerald Group Publishing Limited |volume=25 |pages=225–283 |doi=10.1016/s0363-3268(07)25005-0 |isbn=978-0-7623-1370-9}} * {{Cite book |author1-link=Benjamin Keen |last1=Keen |first1=Benjamin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yZIJAAAAQBAJ |title=A History of Latin America |last2=Haynes |first2=Keith |date=2012 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-133-70932-9}} * {{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Paul M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4ZMl8iS8lAC |title=The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 |date=1989 |publisher=Vintage Books |isbn=978-0-679-72019-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Knight |first=Roger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LdZtKP2qLxgC |title=Britain Against Napoleon: The Organization of Victory, 1793–1815 |date=2013 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-0-14-197702-7}} * {{Cite book |last=Leggiere |first=Michael V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=twXBAgAAQBAJ |title=Blücher: Scourge of Napoleon |date=2014 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=978-0-8061-4567-9}} * {{Cite book |last=Malia |first=Martin Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7rDBKN3kvM4C |title=History's Locomotives: Revolutions and the Making of the Modern World |date=2006 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-12690-7}} * {{Cite journal |last=McConachy |first=Bruce |year=2001 |title=The Roots of Artillery Doctrine: Napoleonic Artillery Tactics Reconsidered |journal=[[Journal of Military History]] |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=617–640 |doi=10.2307/2677528 |jstor=2677528 |s2cid=159945703}} * {{Cite book |last1=McEvedy |first1=Colin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p98UAQAAIAAJ |title=Atlas of World Population History |last2=Jones |first2=Richard |date=1978 |publisher=Facts on File |isbn=978-0-87196-402-1}} * {{Cite book |last=McLynn |first=Frank |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FRj1MNP-3xwC |title=Napoleon: A Biography |date=1998 |publisher=Pimlico |isbn=978-0-7126-6247-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Munch-Petersen |first=Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lP70HAAACAAJ |title=Defying Napoleon: How Britain Bombarded Copenhagen and Seized the Danish Fleet in 1807 |date=2007 |publisher=Sutton |isbn=978-0-7509-4280-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Palmer |first=Robert Roswell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXfRAAAAMAAJ |title=Twelve who Ruled: The Committee of Public Safety, During the Terror |date=1941 |publisher=Princeton University Press}} * {{Cite book |last=Palmer |first=Alan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3FpAAAAMAAJ&q=Alexander%20I:%20Tsar%20of%20War%20and%20Peace. |title=Alexander I: Tsar of War and Peace |date=1974 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |isbn=978-0-297-76700-8}} * {{Cite book |last1=Palmer |first1=R. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vmt6CgAAQBAJ |title=A History of the Modern World: 11th Edition |last2=Colton |first2=Joel |last3=Kramer |first3=Lloyd |date=2013 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Higher Education |isbn=978-0-07-759962-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Payne |first=Stanley G. |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofspainpo00payn |title=A History of Spain and Portugal: Eighteenth Century to Franco |date=1973 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]] |isbn=978-0299062705 |volume=2 |location=Madison |access-date=2 May 2021}} * {{Citation |last=Philo |first=Tom |title=Military and Civilian War Related Deaths Through the Ages |url=http://www.taphilo.com/history/war-deaths.shtml/ |year=2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420103253/http://www.taphilo.com/history/war-deaths.shtml |archive-date=20 April 2010}}{{Unreliable source? |failed=y |date=February 2013}}{{better source needed |date=February 2013}} * {{Cite book |last=Rapport |first=Mike |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPK7XxVwF6YC |title=The Napoleonic Wars: A Very Short Introduction |date=2013 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-164251-7}} * {{Cite book |last=Riehn |first=Richard K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdZnAAAAMAAJ |title=1812: Napoleon's Russian Campaign |date=1990 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-052731-7}} * {{Citation |last=Riehn |first=Richard K. |title=1812: Napoleon's Russian Campaign |year=1991 |edition=Paperback |place=New York |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-471-54302-2}} * {{Cite book |last=Riley |first=J. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beq3AAAAQBAJ |title=Napoleon and the World War of 1813: Lessons in Coalition Warfighting |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-32135-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Roberts |first=Andrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rjVBAwAAQBAJ |title=Napoleon: A Life |date=2014 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-698-17628-7}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ryan |first=A. N. |date=1953 |title=The Causes of the British Attack upon Copenhagen in 1807 |journal=The English Historical Review |volume=68 |issue=266 |pages=37–55 |doi=10.1093/ehr/lxviii.cclxvi.37 |issn=0013-8266}} * {{Cite book |last=Schäfer |first=Anton |title=Zeittafel der Rechtsgeschichte. Von den Anfängen über Rom bis 1919. Mit Schwerpunkt Österreich und zeitgenössischen Bezügen |publisher=Edition Europa Verlag |year=2002 |isbn=3-9500616-8-1 |edition=3rd |language=de}} * {{Cite book |last=Schroeder |first=Paul W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BS2z3iGPCigC |title=The Transformation of European Politics, 1763–1848 |date=1994 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-820654-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Sherwig |first=John M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OInxvgEACAAJ |title=Guineas and Gunpowder: British Foreign Aid in the Wars with France, 1793–1815 |date=1969 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-36775-3}} * {{Cite book |last=Shlapentokh |first=Dmitry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eVKOSX0E2bUC |title=The French Revolution and the Russian Anti-Democratic Tradition: A Case of False Consciousness |date=1997 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-1-4128-2397-5}} * {{Cite book |last1=Stoker |first1=Donald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iks6rVhTHrwC&pg=PA38 |title=Conscription in the Napoleonic Era: A Revolution in Military Affairs? |last2=Schneid |first2=Frederick C. |last3=Blanton |first3=Harold D. |date=2008 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-203-67404-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Sutherland |first=Donald M. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuwHSN9QTroC |title=The French Revolution and Empire: The Quest for a Civic Order |date=2008 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-75826-7}} * {{Cite journal |last=Tone |first=John Lawrence |year=1996 |title=Napoleon's uncongenial sea: Guerrilla warfare in Navarre during the Peninsular War, 1808–14. |journal=European History Quarterly |volume=26 |pages=355–382 |doi=10.1177/026569149602600302 |number=3 |s2cid=144885121}} * {{Cite book |last=Tone |first=John Lawrence |title=War in an Age of Revolution, 1775–1815 |publisher=Cambridge UP |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-521-89996-3 |editor-last=Chickering |editor-first=Roger |page=243 |chapter=Partisan Warfare in Spain and Total War |editor-last2=Förster |editor-first2=Stig |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2WtMq4LF90C&pg=PA243}} * {{Cite book |last=Tulard |first=Jean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUDiAAAACAAJ |title=Napoleon: The Myth of the Saviour |date=1984 |publisher=Methuen |isbn=978-0-416-39510-5}} * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IeQ5AAAACAAJ |title=The Wordsworth Pocket Encyclopedia |date=1993 |publisher=Wordsworth Editions |isbn=978-1-85326-301-9 |editor-last=Upshall |editor-first=Michael}} * {{Citation |last=White |first=Matthew |title=Statistics of Wars, Oppressions and Atrocities of the Nineteenth Century |url=http://necrometrics.com/wars19c.htm#Napoleonic |year=2014 |access-date=3 May 2017}}. This source references: ** {{Citation |last=Bodart |first=Gaston |title=Losses of Life in Modern Wars |year=1916}} ** {{Citation |last=Dumas |first=Samuel |title=Losses of Life Caused By War |year=1923}} ** {{Citation |last=Urlanis |first=Boris |title=Wars and Population |year=1971}} ** {{Citation |last=Payne |first=Stanley G. |title=A History of Spain and Portugal |volume=2}} ** {{Citation |last=Danzer |title=Arme-Zeitun |language=de}} ** {{Citation |last=Clodfelter |first=Micheal |title=Warfare and Armed Conflict: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1618–1991}} * {{Cite book |last1=Young |first1=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tOOoCgAAQBAJ |title=Wellington's Masterpiece: The Battle and Campaign of Salamanca |last2=Lawford |first2=J. P. |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-39728-1}}
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