Editing Napoleon (section)

=== Administration ===
Napoleon introduced a series of centralizing administrative reforms soon after taking power. In 1800, he established prefects appointed to run France's regional departments, sub-prefects to run districts and mayors to run towns. Local representative bodies were retained, but their powers were reduced and indirect elections with a high property qualification replaced direct elections.{{sfnp|Conner|2004|pp=75-76}} Real power in the regions was now in the hands of the prefects who were judged by how they met the main priorities of Napoleon's government: efficient administration, law and order, stimulating the local economy, gathering votes for plebiscites, conscripting soldiers and provisioning the army.{{sfnp|Cobban|1963|pp=24-25}}{{sfnp|Conner|2004|p=76}}

An enduring reform was the foundation, in December 1799, of the [[Conseil d'État (France)|Council of State]], an advisory body of experts which could also draft laws for submission to the legislative body. Napoleon drew many of his ministers and ambassadors from the council. It was the council which undertook the codification of French law.{{sfnp|Cobban|1963|pp=21-23}}

After several attempts by revolutionary governments, Napoleon officially introduced the [[metric system]] in France in 1801, and it was spread through western Europe by his armies.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Palmer |first=Alan |title=An Encyclopaedia of Napoleon's Europe |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |year=1984 |isbn=0-297-78394-7 |location=London |page=191}}</ref>{{sfnp|O'Connor|Robertson|2003}} The system was unpopular in some circles, so in 1812 he introduced a compromise system in the retail trade called the ''[[mesures usuelles]]'' (traditional units of measurement).<ref name="H&H2">{{cite web |last1=Hallock |first1=William |last2=Wade |first2=Herbert T |year=1906 |title=Outlines of the evolution of weights and measures and the metric system |url=https://archive.org/stream/outlinesofevolut00halluoft/outlinesofevolut00halluoft_djvu.txt |publisher=The Macmillan Company |pages=66–69 |location=London}}</ref> In December 1805, Napoleon abolished the revolutionary calendar, with its ten-day week, which had been introduced in 1793.{{sfnp|Palmer|1984|p=234}}