Editing Markham, Ontario (section)

==Transportation==
{{Main|Transportation in Markham, Ontario}}

===Roads===
{{Main|List of regional roads in York Region, Ontario}}

==== Road network ====
Markham's road network is based on the concession system. In 1801, Markham was divided into 10 [[Concession road|concessions]], with a north–south road separating each one. The concessions were further divided by a number of east–west sideroads. This formed a [[grid plan]] road network, with an intersection occurring approximately every two kilometers. Even though some of these roads have been realigned, Markham's present road network for the most part still follows the original grid plan.

Markham's concession (north–south) arterial roads are listed below, ordered from west to east (former numbers in parentheses):

* {{jcon|York|1|notext=y}} [[Yonge Street]]
** Boundary with the City of Vaughan
* {{jcon|York|34|notext=y}} [[Bayview Avenue]]
* {{jcon|York|12|notext=y}} Leslie Street
* {{jcon|York|8|notext=y}} [[Woodbine Avenue]]
* {{jcon|York|65|notext=y}} Warden Avenue (5th Concession Road)
* {{jcon|York|3|notext=y}} Kennedy Road (6th Concession Road)
* {{jcon|York|67|notext=y}} McCowan Road (7th Concession Road)
* {{jcon|York|68|notext=y}} Markham Road (8th Concession Road)
** Continues as {{jcon|hwy|48|shield=y|notext=y}} [[Ontario Highway 48|Highway 48]] north of Major Mackenzie Drive
* {{jcon|York|69|notext=y}} Ninth Line (9th Concession Road)
* {{jcon|York|48|notext=y}} [[Donald Cousens Parkway|Donald Cousens Parkway / Markham By-pass]]
** Signed as a regular road south of Box Grove By-pass
* Reesor Road (10th Concession Road)
* Eleventh Line (11th Concession Road)
* {{jcon|York|30|notext=y}} York-Durham Line
** Boundary with the [[Pickering, Ontario|City of Pickering]]

Reesor Road and Eleventh Line are the only north–south roads that are not fully regional roads. These two roads are rural routes with very few homes and minimal traffic. Eleventh Line ends just south of Highway 407 with the road rerouted (old section fenced off with partial gravel bed) to intersect with York-Durham Line. Areas east of Donald Cousens Boulevard either serve new residential developments or are largely rural and/or agricultural.

Markham's sideroad (east–west) arterials are listed below, ordered from south to north (former numbers in parentheses):

* [[Steeles Avenue]]
** Original Scarborough Townline, boundary with the [[Toronto|City of Toronto]]
* {{jcon|York|71|notext=y}} 14th Avenue
** Continues west of {{jcon|York|65|notext=y}} Warden Avenue as Alden Road
*** Continues west of Rodick Road as Esna Park Drive
**** Continues west of {{jcon|York|8|notext=y}} Woodbine Avenue as John Street
* {{jcon|York|7|notext=y}} Regional Road 7 (formerly 15th Avenue)
** Continues as {{jcon|hwy|7|shield=y|notext=y}} [[Ontario Highway 7|Highway 7]] east of Reesor Road
* {{jcon|York|73|notext=y}} 16th Avenue
* {{jcon|York|25|notext=y}} Major Mackenzie Drive East (17th Avenue)
* {{jcon|York|49|notext=y}} Elgin Mills Road East (18th Avenue)
** Signed as a standard road east of Victoria Square Boulevard
* 19th Avenue
** Boundary with the [[Whitchurch-Stouffville|Town of Whitchurch-Stouffville]]

==== Important thoroughfares ====
Major highways that pass through Markham include [[Ontario Highway 404|King's Highway 404]] (from Toronto to just south of Lake Simcoe), which marks Markham's boundary with the [[Richmond Hill, Ontario|City of Richmond Hill]], and the [[407 ETR]] (more commonly known as Highway 407), a privately owned [[Toll road|toll highway]] that passes north of Toronto and connects Markham with [[Burlington, Ontario|Burlington]] and [[Oshawa]]. Highway 404 is one of the most important routes used for travel to and from the City of Toronto. Highway 407 primarily serves Markham from [[Yonge Street]] to [[York-Durham Line]]. The highway connects Markham with [[Clarington]] to the east, and [[Burlington, Ontario|Burlington]] to the west.

One of the most heavily travelled arterial roads in Markham is Regional Road 7, a major east–west artery. This road is more commonly referred to as [[Ontario Highway 7|Highway 7]], a name which comes from the time when it used to be a [[Ontario Provincial Highway Network|provincial highway]]. The road is still officially Highway 7 east of Reesor Road. Other major east–west routes include [[York Regional Road 73|16th Avenue]], [[York Regional Road 25|Major MacKenzie Drive]], the combination of John Street/Esna Park Drive/14th Avenue, and [[Steeles Avenue]] which forms Markham's southern boundary with Toronto.

===Rail===
{{main|GO Transit}}
[[File:Former Canadian National Railway Station-214 Main Street North-Markham-Ontario-HPC6762-20201017 (2).jpg|thumb|[[Markham GO Station]]]]
The [[GO Transit]] [[Stouffville line]], a [[commuter rail]] line stretching from [[Old Elm GO Station|Lincolnville]] to downtown Toronto, provides passenger rail service in Markham. It operates only at rush hour and uses tracks owned by [[Metrolinx]], the provincial transit agency. Five stations on the [[Stouffville line]] serve Markham, of which 4 are within the municipal borders. In 2015, Metrolinx announced that the Stouffville Line would get an expansion in service, bringing all day both directional trains from [[Union Station (Toronto)|Union Station]] to [[Unionville GO Station]].<ref>{{Cite news|title = The new train service is expected to be in the off-peak hours.|url = https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2015/08/07/go-to-boost-train-service-on-kitchener-stouffville-lines.html|newspaper = The Toronto Star|date = 2015-08-07|access-date = 2015-11-20|issn = 0319-0781|first = Tess|last = Kalinowski|archive-date = 2015-11-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151120161430/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2015/08/07/go-to-boost-train-service-on-kitchener-stouffville-lines.html|url-status = live}}</ref> Markham's section of this GO line also came under the spotlight in 2015 as [[Toronto|City of Toronto]] [[John Tory|Mayor John Tory's]] announced [[SmartTrack|SMART Track]] plan for rapid transit expansion in Toronto includes the rail spur between Union Station and the Unionville GO.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Kitchener and Stouffville GO lines are on track for electrification needed to boost service frequencies.|url = https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2015/04/16/premier-moves-torys-smarttrack-a-little-further-down-the-line.html|newspaper = The Toronto Star|date = 2015-04-16|access-date = 2015-11-20|issn = 0319-0781|first = Tess|last = Kalinowski|archive-date = 2015-11-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151120160131/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2015/04/16/premier-moves-torys-smarttrack-a-little-further-down-the-line.html|url-status = live}}</ref>

On April 8, 2019, GO Transit added ten midday train trips to [[Mount Joy GO Station]], replacing the need for passengers to change to buses at Unionville GO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gotransit.com/en/travelling-with-us/promotions-and-events/april-service-changes|title=New GO Train Service {{!}} GO Transit|website=www.gotransit.com|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-date=2019-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601220419/https://www.gotransit.com/en/travelling-with-us/promotions-and-events/april-service-changes|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Public transit===
[[File:WardenVIVA6-RAW.jpg|thumb|[[Viva (bus rapid transit)|VIVA]] Warden station in Markham]]
[[York Region Transit]] (YRT) connects Markham with surrounding municipalities in York Region, and was created in 2001 from the merger of [[Markham Transit]], [[Richmond Hill Transit]], [[Newmarket Transit]] and [[Vaughan Transit]]. YRT to connects to the [[Toronto Transit Commission]] (TTC) subway system by way of [[Viva (bus rapid transit)|Viva]] [[bus rapid transit]] from Finch station along Yonge Street, and Don Mills station through Unionville and on to Markville Mall.

YRT has two major terminals in Markham: [[Unionville GO Station|Unionville GO Terminal]] and the new [[Cornell Terminal]], replacing [[Markham Stouffville Hospital|Markham Stouffville Hospital Bus Terminal]].

The [[Toronto Transit Commission|TTC]] also provides service in Markham on several north–south routes, such as [[Warden Avenue]], [[Birchmount Road]], [[McCowan Road]] and [[Markham Road]]. These routes charge riders a double fare if they are travelling across the Steeles border.

[[GO Transit]] provides train service on the old trackbed of the [[Toronto and Nipissing Railway]], which connects Markham with downtown Toronto on the [[Stouffville line|Stouffville]] commuter rail service. The line has stops at several stations in Markham, namely [[Unionville GO Station]], [[Centennial GO Station]], [[Markham GO Station]], and [[Mount Joy GO Station]]. The [[Richmond Hill line|Richmond Hill]] commuter rail line provides service to the [[Langstaff GO Station]], which straddles Markham and Richmond Hill but is used primarily by residents of west-central Markham and southern Richmond Hill.

===Air===
There is presently a private [[general aviation]] airport; [[Markham Airport]] or Toronto/Markham Airport, (TC LID: CNU8),{{convert|2.6|nmi|km mi|abbr=off}} just north of Markham, north of Elgin Mills Road. The airport is owned and operated by Markham Airport Inc. and owned by a numbered Ontario company owned by the Thomson family of Toronto, rather than the [[Greater Toronto Airports Authority]] (GTAA). The airport has a {{convert|2,013|ft|m|abbr=on}} runway for small and private aircraft only (with night flying capabilities). The Royal Canadian Air Cadets Gliding Program formerly used the airport for glider operations in the spring and fall.

[[Buttonville Municipal Airport]] was a larger general aviation airport located near Highway 404 and 16th Avenue in the [[Buttonville, Markham|Buttonville]] neighbourhood that was operated by the GTAA. It closed in November 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last=Larkin |first=F.K. (Ted) |date=2023-11-25 |title=Toronto Buttonville YKZ Municipal Airport in Markham now Closed |url=https://canadianaviationnews.ca/toronto-buttonville-ykz-municipal-airport-in-markham-now-closed/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=Canadian Aviation News}}</ref>