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===Congenital disorders=== [[Congenital disorder]]s include [[cystic fibrosis]], [[pulmonary hypoplasia]] (an incomplete development of the lungs)<ref name=Cadichon>{{citation |last=Cadichon |first=Sandra B. |contribution=Chapter 22: Pulmonary hypoplasia |title=Congenital malformations: evidence-based evaluation and management |editor1-last= Kumar |editor1-first=Praveen |editor2-last=Burton |editor2-first=Barbara K. |year=2007 |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n2M9tfQQN9cC&pg=PA143}}</ref>[[congenital diaphragmatic hernia]], and [[infant respiratory distress syndrome]] caused by a deficiency in lung surfactant. An [[azygos lobe]] is a congenital [[anatomical variation]] which though usually without effect can cause problems in [[thoracoscopy|thoracoscopic]] procedures.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sieunarine|first1=K.|last2=May|first2=J.|last3=White|first3=G.H.|last4=Harris|first4=J.P.|title=Anomalous azygos vein: a potential danger during endoscopic thoracic sypathectomy|journal=ANZ Journal of Surgery|date=August 1997|volume=67|issue=8|pages=578β579|doi=10.1111/j.1445-2197.1997.tb02046.x|pmid=9287933}}</ref>
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