Editing Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (section)

== Second presidency (2023–present) ==
{{Main article|Second presidency of Lula da Silva}}

=== 2022 election ===
{{Main|2022 Brazilian general election|Lula da Silva 2022 presidential campaign}}
[[File:Alberto Fernández y Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva en São Paulo 2022 (2).jpg|thumb|right|Lula with [[President of Argentina]] [[Alberto Fernández]], 2022]]
In May 2021, Lula said that he would run for a third term in the October 2022 general election, against the incumbent President [[Jair Bolsonaro]].<ref name=Valor2021-05-20a>{{cite web|url=https://valorinveste.globo.com/mercados/brasil-e-politica/noticia/2021/05/20/lula-reitera-candidatura-presidencial-contra-bolsonaro-em-2022.ghtml|author=Cristiane Agostine|title=Lula reitera candidatura presidencial contra Bolsonaro em 2022|website=Valor|date=20 May 2021|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805163619/https://valorinveste.globo.com/mercados/brasil-e-politica/noticia/2021/05/20/lula-reitera-candidatura-presidencial-contra-bolsonaro-em-2022.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=AmQuarterly2021-07-07a>{{cite web|url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/lula-is-back-but-which-lula|title=Lula Is Back. But Which Lula?|website=Americas Quarterly|date=7 July 2021|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805163623/https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/lula-is-back-but-which-lula/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Guardian2021-07-30a>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/30/lula-2022-brazil-poised-for-sensational-political-comeback|title=Lula 2022? Brazil poised for sensational political comeback|website=The Guardian|date=30 July 2021|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805163617/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/30/lula-2022-brazil-poised-for-sensational-political-comeback|url-status=live|quote=With former president's political rights restored, polls suggest he would thrash Jair Bolsonaro if he stands for election}}</ref> He was 17% ahead of Bolsonaro in a poll in January 2022.<ref name=Nasdaq2022-01-14a>{{cite web|author=Anthony Boadle|agency=Reuters|title=Brazil poll shows Lula gaining over Bolsonaro, third candidate 'embryonic'|url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/brazil-poll-shows-lula-gaining-over-bolsonaro-third-candidate-embryonic|publisher=[[Nasdaq]]|access-date=19 January 2022|date=18 January 2022|quote=Brazil's former leftist President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva increased his lead to 17 percentage points over far-right President Jair Bolsonaro in a new survey of voter preferences ahead of an October election.|archive-date=13 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713085825/https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/brazil-poll-shows-lula-gaining-over-bolsonaro-third-candidate-embryonic|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2022, Lula announced that his running mate would be [[Geraldo Alckmin]], a three-term governor of São Paulo state who had run against Lula in the 2006 presidential elections.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brazil's Lula taps former rival as his pick for running mate|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/brazils-lula-taps-rival-pick-running-mate-83961712 |access-date=22 April 2022|website=ABC News|language=en |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422174838/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/brazils-lula-taps-rival-pick-running-mate-83961712 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 2 October, in the first round vote, Lula was in first place with 48% of the electorate, qualifying for the second round with Bolsonaro, who received 43% of the votes. Lula was elected in the second round on 30 October with 50.89% of the vote, the smallest margin in the history of Brazil's presidential elections,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2022-10-31/lula-defeats-bolsonaro-in-the-closest-election-in-brazils-history.html|title=Lula defeats Bolsonaro in the closest election in Brazil's history|first=Naiara Galarraga|last=Gortázar|date=31 October 2022|website=EL PAÍS English|access-date=27 February 2024|archive-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907112952/https://english.elpais.com/international/2022-10-31/lula-defeats-bolsonaro-in-the-closest-election-in-brazils-history.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spec.hamilton.edu/brazilian-democracy-is-in-danger-aca8036f9cc1|title=Brazilian democracy is in danger|date=3 November 2022|website=Medium|access-date=27 February 2024|archive-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907112954/https://spec.hamilton.edu/brazilian-democracy-is-in-danger-aca8036f9cc1?gi=2d9985d8b534|url-status=live}}</ref> three days after his 77th birthday. He became the first president of Brazil elected to three terms, the first since [[Getúlio Vargas]] to serve in non-consecutive terms, and the first to unseat an incumbent president. He was sworn in on 1 January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Análise das Eleições 2022: Veja Detalhes dos Resultados da Votação|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/eleicoes/2022/analise/presidente-1-turno/ |access-date=31 October 2022|website=noticias.uol.com.br|language=pt |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030225737/https://noticias.uol.com.br/eleicoes/2022/analise/presidente-1-turno/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Resultados – TSE|url=https://resultados.tse.jus.br/oficial/app/index.html#/eleicao/resultados |access-date=31 October 2022|website=resultados.tse.jus.br |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102121453/https://resultados.tse.jus.br/oficial/app/index.html#/eleicao/resultados |url-status=dead}}</ref>  At age 77, he was the oldest Brazilian president at the time of inauguration.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/jair-bolsonaro-politics-brazil-brasilia-inaugurations-c6d222207d7a5bcbb71e2b6950514a9a|title=Lula sworn in as president to lead polarized Brazil|first1=Mauricio|last1=Savavrese|first2=Carla|last2=Bridi|publisher=Associated Press|date=1 January 2022|access-date=1 January 2022|archive-date=1 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101190620/https://apnews.com/article/jair-bolsonaro-politics-brazil-brasilia-inaugurations-c6d222207d7a5bcbb71e2b6950514a9a|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Nicas|first=Jack|date=30 October 2022|title=Brazil Elects Lula, a Leftist Former Leader, in a Rebuke of Bolsonaro|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/30/world/brazil-presidential-election |access-date=1 November 2022|issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030225721/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/30/world/brazil-presidential-election |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Boadle">{{Cite news|last=Boadle|first=Anthony|date=31 October 2022|title=Brazil leftist Lula wins third presidential term to redeem tarnished legacy|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-leftist-lula-wins-third-presidential-term-redeem-tarnished-legacy-2022-10-31/ |access-date=1 November 2022 |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102070459/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-leftist-lula-wins-third-presidential-term-redeem-tarnished-legacy-2022-10-31/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Tenure ===

Lula said that his main commitments were: the reconstruction of the country in the face of the economic crisis; democracy, sovereignty and peace; economic development and stability; fighting poverty; education; implementation of a National System of Culture and the expansion of housing programmes.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 August 2022|title=Conheça o programa de governo dos 12 candidatos à Presidência|url=http://noticias.r7.com/eleicoes-2022/conheca-o-programa-de-governo-dos-12-candidatos-a-presidencia-24082022 |access-date=31 October 2022|website=R7.com|language=pt |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031002120/https://noticias.r7.com/eleicoes-2022/conheca-o-programa-de-governo-dos-12-candidatos-a-presidencia-24082022 |url-status=live}}</ref> He held the presidency of the [[G20]] from 2023 (succeeding [[India]]) until the [[2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit|2024 Brazilian G20 Summit]], where after this the presidency was handed over to [[South Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2023 |title=India hands over G20 presidency to Brazil |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-758361 |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907113032/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-758361 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carvalho |first=Laura |date=3 December 2024 |title=South Africa has taken over the G20 presidency from Brazil – what lessons can it learn? |url=https://theconversation.com/south-africa-has-taken-over-the-g20-presidency-from-brazil-what-lessons-can-it-learn-244190 |access-date=4 February 2025 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}}</ref>

Lula's popularity declined; in September 2023, 38% of those polled considered him to be good or excellent, while 30% considered him to be average, and 31% viewed him as bad or terrible.<ref name="auto6"/>

==== Foreign policy ====
===== China =====
[[File:14.04.2023 - Cerimônia de Assinatura de Atos - Grande Palácio do Povo - Pequim - China.jpg|thumb|Lula and Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]], April 2023]]
In March 2023, Lula met in China with Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]], and signed 15 memoranda of understanding and 20 agreements on a wide range of issues.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/great-balancing-act-lula-china-and-future-us-brazil-relations|title=The Great Balancing Act: Lula in China and the Future of U.S.-Brazil Relations|first1=Ryan C.|last1=Berg|first2=Carlos|last2=Baena|date=19 April 2023|journal=Csis|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=25 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225205850/https://www.csis.org/analysis/great-balancing-act-lula-china-and-future-us-brazil-relations|url-status=live}}</ref> Lula gave a speech in which he said that no one would keep Brazil from improving its relationship with China—which was taken as a reference to the United States.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/04/14/brazil-china-lula-xi-jinping/ "Lula tells Xi 'nobody can stop' Brazil-China relationship,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415095549/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/04/14/brazil-china-lula-xi-jinping/ |date=15 April 2023 }} ''The Washington Pos''t.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.estadao.com.br/politica/lula-fala-em-autonomia-e-diz-que-ninguem-vai-proibir-que-o-brasil-aprimore-suas-relacoes-com-china/|title=Lula fala em autonomia e diz que 'ninguém vai proibir que o Brasil aprimore suas relações' com China|website=Estadão|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=25 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225205851/https://www.estadao.com.br/politica/lula-fala-em-autonomia-e-diz-que-ninguem-vai-proibir-que-o-brasil-aprimore-suas-relacoes-com-china/|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2024, Lula reaffirmed to Chinese Foreign Minister [[Wang Yi (politician)|Wang Yi]] his recognition of China's policy of "one China", under which China claims Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.br/planalto/en/latest-news/2024/01/brazil2019s-lula-meets-with-chinese-chancellor-in-preparatory-meeting-prior-to-visit-by-the-president-of-china|title=Brazil's Lula meets with Chinese chancellor in preparatory meeting prior to visit by the president of China|website=Planalto|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=25 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225205850/https://www.gov.br/planalto/en/latest-news/2024/01/brazil2019s-lula-meets-with-chinese-chancellor-in-preparatory-meeting-prior-to-visit-by-the-president-of-china|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]], in the meantime, cautioned Lula against cozying up to China, while remaining silent about [[Human rights in China|China's human rights abuses]].<ref name="auto11"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/12/15/brazil-president-lula-should-pursue-rights-agenda|title=Brazil: President Lula Should Pursue a Rights Agenda|work=Human Rights Watch|date=15 December 2022|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=25 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225205849/https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/12/15/brazil-president-lula-should-pursue-rights-agenda|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto13">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/brazils-lula-meets-cuban-leader-slams-illegal-us-embargo/a-66834870|title=Brazil's Lula meets Cuban leader, slams 'illegal' US embargo|date=17 September 2023|website=DW|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=25 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225211709/https://www.dw.com/en/brazils-lula-meets-cuban-leader-slams-illegal-us-embargo/a-66834870|url-status=live}}</ref>

===== Cuba =====
In September 2023, Lula called Cuba a "victim" of an "illegal" [[United States embargo against Cuba]].<ref name="auto15">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazils-president-calls-us-economic-embargo-cuba-illegal-condemns-terrorist-list-2023-09-16/|title=Brazil's president calls U.S. economic embargo on Cuba 'illegal,' condemns terrorist list label|work=Reuters |access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=15 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015204119/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazils-president-calls-us-economic-embargo-cuba-illegal-condemns-terrorist-list-2023-09-16/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto13"/> He also denounced the inclusion of Cuba on the [[State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)|US list of state sponsors of terrorism]].<ref name="auto15"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.br/planalto/en/follow-the-government/speeches/speech-by-president-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva-at-the-g77-china-summit-in-cuba|title=Speech by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva at the G77 + China Summit in Cuba|website=Planalto|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=25 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225211709/https://www.gov.br/planalto/en/follow-the-government/speeches/speech-by-president-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva-at-the-g77-china-summit-in-cuba|url-status=live}}</ref>

=====Iran=====
In March 2023, Lula's administration allowed two [[Iranian Navy]] warships, [[Expeditionary Mobile Base|forward base ship]] [[IRIS Makran|IRIS ''Makran'']] and [[Moudge-class frigate|frigate]] [[IRIS Dena|IRIS ''Dena'']], to dock in Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://voz.us/ted-cruz-calls-for-sanctions-for-lula-da-silva-and-cristina-fernandez-de-kirchner/?lang=en|title=Ted Cruz calls for sanctions on Lula da Silva and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|date=8 September 2023|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907113034/https://voz.us/en/politics/230908/3612/ted-cruz-calls-for-sanctions-for-lula-da-silva-and-cristina-fernandez-de-kirchner.html?lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themedialine.org/top-stories/brazil-allows-iranian-warships-to-dock-in-rio-despite-us-opposition/|title=Brazil Allows Iranian Warships To Dock in Rio Despite US Opposition|first=Debbie|last=Mohnblatt|date=28 February 2023|website=The Media Line|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=14 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414042605/https://themedialine.org/top-stories/brazil-allows-iranian-warships-to-dock-in-rio-despite-us-opposition/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto14">{{Cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2023/02/28/iranian-warships-finally-dock-in-rio-de-janeiro-after-u-s-issues-sanction-threat|title=Iranian Warships Finally Dock in Rio de Janeiro After U.S. Issues Sanction Threat – USNI News|date=28 February 2023|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=21 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421073116/https://news.usni.org/2023/02/28/iranian-warships-finally-dock-in-rio-de-janeiro-after-u-s-issues-sanction-threat|url-status=live}}</ref> U.S. Ambassador to Brazil [[Elizabeth Bagley]] said that in the past the warships had facilitated terrorist activities, and US Senator [[Ted Cruz]] said that "the docking of Iranian warships in Brazil is a dangerous development and a direct threat to the safety and security of Americans."<ref name="auto14"/>

Lula endorsed admitting Iran into the [[BRICS]] organization, and in August 2023 met with Iranian president [[Ebrahim Raeisi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiohc.cu/en/noticias/internacionales/332446-lula-says-iran-is-an-important-partner-in-brics|title=Lula says Iran is an important partner in BRICS|website=radiohc.cu|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=25 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225215943/https://www.radiohc.cu/en/noticias/internacionales/332446-lula-says-iran-is-an-important-partner-in-brics|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2023/11/07/an-iranian-bear-in-brazils-backyard-how-iran-is-wooing-south-america.html|title=An Iranian bear in Brazil's backyard: How Iran is wooing South America|website=The Week|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=25 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225214440/https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2023/11/07/an-iranian-bear-in-brazils-backyard-how-iran-is-wooing-south-america.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Lula stopped short of condemning [[Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran's rights abuses]].<ref name="auto12"/>

=====Nicaragua=====
In June 2023, at an [[Organization of American States]] (OAS) summit, Lula tried to soften OAS criticism of Nicaragua's government, which was accused of repression and of violations of human rights and property rights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazils-lula-will-ask-nicaraguas-ortega-release-arrested-bishop-2023-06-22/|title=Brazil's Lula will ask Nicaragua's Ortega to release jailed bishop|work= Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-06-21/at-oas-summit-brazil-seeks-to-soften-criticism-of-nicaraguas-government.html|title=At OAS summit, Brazil seeks to soften criticism of Nicaragua's government|work=El País|first=Wilfredo|last=Miranda Aburto|date=21 June 2023|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-date=2 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302175813/https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-06-21/at-oas-summit-brazil-seeks-to-soften-criticism-of-nicaraguas-government.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/nicaragua-brazil-church-imprisoned-bishop-81b2c3b2f53aa2203d3dea75262661e3 | title=Brazil's president offers to try to win release of bishop imprisoned in Nicaragua | website=[[Associated Press News]] | date=22 June 2023 | access-date=28 February 2024 | archive-date=28 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228220458/https://apnews.com/article/nicaragua-brazil-church-imprisoned-bishop-81b2c3b2f53aa2203d3dea75262661e3 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto16">{{Cite web|url=https://confidencial.digital/english/lula-da-silvas-government-seeks-to-soften-oas-declaration-critical-of-nicaragua/|title=Lula da Silva's government seeks to soften OAS declaration critical of Nicaragua|work=Confidencial|date=21 June 2023|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-date=26 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226001406/https://confidencial.digital/english/lula-da-silvas-government-seeks-to-soften-oas-declaration-critical-of-nicaragua/|url-status=live}}</ref> Nicaragua's former ambassador to the OAS, [[Arturo McFields]], said that the proposed softening was "shameful," and that "President Lula is lying and telling another story that never existed in Nicaragua."<ref name="auto16"/>

===== Russia=====
[[File:07.05.2025 - Jantar oferecido pelo Presidente da Federação da Rússia, Vladimir Putin (54506081056).jpg|thumb|Lula with Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] during the [[2025 Moscow Victory Day Parade|Victory Day]] celebrations in Moscow on 7 May 2025]]
In May 2023, he declined an invitation to the [[Saint Petersburg International Economic Forum]], saying that he "can't visit Russia at the moment", while confirming that he had spoken to Putin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil's Lula says spoke to Putin on war, declined economic forum invitation |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/brazils-lula-said-spoke-putin-war-declined-invitation-economic-forum-2023-05-26/ |work=Reuters |date=26 May 2023 |access-date=4 June 2023 |archive-date=4 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604105700/https://www.reuters.com/world/brazils-lula-said-spoke-putin-war-declined-invitation-economic-forum-2023-05-26/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2023, Lula said he would invite Vladimir Putin to the [[BRICS]] and [[2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit|G20 summits]] in Brazil. Due to Brazil being a signatory of the [[Rome Statute]] of the [[International Criminal Court]], Putin could be [[International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures|placed under arrest]] by the Brazilian authorities if he sets foot on Brazil's territory. Lula said Putin could be arrested in Brazil, but that would be the decision of Brazil's [[Judiciary of Brazil|independent courts]], not his government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/brazil-russia-lula-da-silva-vladimir-putin-g20-brics-invitation/|title=Lula invites Putin to Brazil, sidesteps on war crimes arrest|date=4 December 2023|website=POLITICO|first=Hans|last=von der Burchard|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-date=21 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221090701/https://www.politico.eu/article/brazil-russia-lula-da-silva-vladimir-putin-g20-brics-invitation/|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2024, he was visited by Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergey Lavrov]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Russian foreign minister Lavrov discussed Ukraine with Brazil's Lula, Moscow says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/feb/23/russia-ukraine-war-us-sanctions-vladimir-putin-volodymyr-zelenskiy-alexei-navalny?page=with:block-65d886188f086f23f6db1dac#block-65d886188f086f23f6db1dac |access-date=23 February 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=24 February 2024 |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907113524/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/feb/23/russia-ukraine-war-us-sanctions-vladimir-putin-volodymyr-zelenskiy-alexei-navalny?page=with:block-65d886188f086f23f6db1dac#block-65d886188f086f23f6db1dac |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2025, he attended the [[2025 Moscow Victory Day Parade|Victory Day parade]] in Moscow.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil’s Lula Pitches ‘Strategic Partnership’ With Russia |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2025/05/09/brazils-lula-pitches-strategic-partnership-with-russia-a89034 |work=[[The Moscow Times]] |date=9 May 2025}}</ref>

===== Russian invasion of Ukraine =====
Lula has commented often on the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]. He condemned the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]],<ref name=reu19/> but Ukraine called some of his comments as "Russian attempts to distort the truth".<ref name="Reuters ukraine response">{{cite web |last1=Stargardter |first1=Gabriel |title=Lula's Ukraine comments are 'Russian attempts to distort truth,' Ukrainian official says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/lulas-ukraine-comments-are-russian-attempts-distort-truth-ukrainian-official-2022-05-05/ |website=Reuters |access-date=11 December 2023 |archive-date=11 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211175346/https://www.reuters.com/world/lulas-ukraine-comments-are-russian-attempts-distort-truth-ukrainian-official-2022-05-05/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://time.com/6258071/brazil-lula-ukraine-war/ |title=Brazil's Lula Intensifies Diplomatic Push for Peace in Ukraine |date=24 February 2023 |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408215034/https://time.com/6258071/brazil-lula-ukraine-war/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 2022, Lula blamed both Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] and Ukrainian president [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] for Russia's invasion of Ukraine, saying that Zelenskyy "is as responsible as Putin for the war".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://time.com/6173232/lula-da-silva-transcript/ |title=Lula Talks to TIME About Ukraine, Bolsonaro, and Brazil's Fragile Democracy |date=4 May 2022 |access-date=11 December 2023 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412133010/https://time.com/6173232/lula-da-silva-transcript/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Lula also repeatedly criticized [[NATO]] and the [[European Union]] for being partially responsible for the war. He accused NATO of "claiming for itself the right to install military bases in the vicinity of another country".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/02/10/biden-lula-meeting-war-in-ukraine-high-on-the-agenda_6015191_4.html |title=Biden-Lula meeting: War in Ukraine high on the agenda |website=[[Le Monde]] |date=10 February 2023 |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408214417/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/02/10/biden-lula-meeting-war-in-ukraine-high-on-the-agenda_6015191_4.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2023, Lula declared after a state visit to China that "the United States needs to stop encouraging war and start talking about peace". U.S. [[National Security Council]] spokesman [[John Kirby (admiral)|John Kirby]] responded by accusing Lula of "parroting Russian and Chinese propaganda", describing his comments as "simply misguided" and "suggesting the United States and Europe are somehow not interested in peace, or that we share responsibility for the war".<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 April 2023 |title=Ukraine war: US accuses Lula of parroting propaganda |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-65307553 |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603130052/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-65307553 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:02.03.2023 - Videochamada com o Presidente da Ucrânia, Volodymyr Zelensky (52721711242).jpg|thumb|Lula speaking with Ukrainian President [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]], 2 March 2023]]
In April 2023, Lula initially condemned Russia's violation of Ukraine's territorial integrity and said Russia should withdraw from Ukrainian territory it has occupied since February 2022.<ref name=reu19>{{cite news|title=Brazil's Lula condemns invasion of Ukraine, touts peace initiative|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/ukraine-invites-brazils-lula-visit-criticizes-his-peace-efforts-2023-04-18/|work=Reuters|date=19 April 2023|access-date=23 April 2023|archive-date=23 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423064615/https://www.reuters.com/world/ukraine-invites-brazils-lula-visit-criticizes-his-peace-efforts-2023-04-18/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later, however, that same month, he suggested that Ukraine should "give up [[Crimea]]" to Russia in exchange for [[Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|peace]] and Russia's withdrawal from Ukrainian territory [[Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine|it occupied]] after February 2022, saying Zelenskyy "cannot want everything".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/04/07/the-world-needs-tranquillity-ukraine-urged-to-give-up-crimea-by-brazils-lula |title='The world needs tranquillity': Ukraine urged to give up Crimea by Brazil's Lula |date=7 April 2023 |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408215919/https://www.euronews.com/2023/04/07/the-world-needs-tranquillity-ukraine-urged-to-give-up-crimea-by-brazils-lula |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2023 |title=Lula diz que Putin não pode ficar com 'terreno' da Ucrânia e critica EUA |work=Metrópoles |url=https://www.metropoles.com/colunas/igor-gadelha/lula-diz-que-putin-nao-pode-ficar-com-terreno-da-ucrania-e-critica-eua |access-date=18 April 2023 |language=pt-BR |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407042610/https://www.metropoles.com/colunas/igor-gadelha/lula-diz-que-putin-nao-pode-ficar-com-terreno-da-ucrania-e-critica-eua |url-status=live }}</ref>

After Germany appealed to Lula to [[List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War|provide military aid to Ukraine]] by selling it arms, Lula refused.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 January 2023 |title=Lula Brushes Off Scholz's Appeal for Brazil to Send Arms to Kyiv |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-31/lula-rejects-weapons-to-ukraine-plan-proposed-by-germany-s-scholz |access-date=18 April 2023 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201062845/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-31/lula-rejects-weapons-to-ukraine-plan-proposed-by-germany-s-scholz |url-status=live }}</ref> On 26 April, in a joint press conference, Spanish prime minister [[Pedro Sánchez]] questioned Lula's position, stressing that as the victimized country Ukraine needed to be supported.<ref name="elmu">{{cite news |title=Choque de Lula da Silva con Pedro Sánchez por el envío de armas a Ucrania |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EERZQXdRobk |agency=YouTube |newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |date=26 April 2023 |access-date=30 April 2023 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430181320/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EERZQXdRobk |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=April 2023}} Lula said that he is seeking peace in accordance with a binding foreign policy principle in the pacifist [[Brazilian Constitution of 1988]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oas.org/es/sla/ddi/docs/acceso_informacion_base_dc_leyes_pais_b_1_en.pdf|title=See Article 4, VI, VII|access-date=7 June 2023|archive-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907113530/https://www.oas.org/es/sla/ddi/docs/acceso_informacion_base_dc_leyes_pais_b_1_en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> He said that the countries of the [[Global North and Global South|Global South]], including Brazil, India, Indonesia and China "want peace", but both Putin and Zelenskyy "are convinced that they are going to win the war" and do not want to talk about peace.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lula 'upset' after Zelenskyy's no-show to Hiroshima meeting |url=https://efe.com/en/latest-news/2023-05-22/lula-upset-after-zelenskyy-a-no-show-to-hiroshima-meeting/ |work=[[EFE]] |date=22 May 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606175709/https://efe.com/en/latest-news/2023-05-22/lula-upset-after-zelenskyy-a-no-show-to-hiroshima-meeting/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He noted the [[Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War|human cost of the war]], as well as the war's impact on [[2022–2023 food crises|food security]], [[2021–2023 global energy crisis|energy costs]], and [[global supply chain]]s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil condemns 'violation' of Ukraine's territory amid criticism|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/19/brazil-condemns-violation-of-ukraines-territory-amid-criticism|work=Al Jazeera|date=19 April 2023|access-date=23 April 2023|archive-date=19 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419095704/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/19/brazil-condemns-violation-of-ukraines-territory-amid-criticism|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Soares |first=Ingrid |date=10 February 2023 |title=Visita de Lula a Biden tem objetivo de estreitar relação com os EUA |url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/politica/2023/02/5072705-visita-de-lula-a-biden-tem-objetivo-de-estreitar-relacao-com-os-eua.html |access-date=18 April 2023 |website=Política |language=pt-BR |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418194601/https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/politica/2023/02/5072705-visita-de-lula-a-biden-tem-objetivo-de-estreitar-relacao-com-os-eua.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===== Saudi Arabia =====
[[File:01.01.2023 - Cumprimentos dos chefes de Estado e de Governo (52622349175).jpg|thumb|Lula and Saudi Head of State in [[Saudi Arabia]], 2023]]
In November 2023, Lula met in [[Riyadh]] with the prime minister and crown prince of Saudi Arabia, [[Mohammed bin Salman]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arab.news/mrt7n|title=Saudi Arabia and Brazil detail areas of joint cooperation|date=30 November 2023|website=Arab News}}</ref><ref name="auto18">{{Cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1107523202/Lula-MBS-Want-To-Boost-Bilateral-Trade-To-USD-20-Bn|title=Lula, MBS Want To Boost Bilateral Trade To USD 20 Bn|website=menafn.com|access-date=28 February 2024|archive-date=28 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228040625/https://menafn.com/1107523202/Lula-MBS-Want-To-Boost-Bilateral-Trade-To-USD-20-Bn|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto17">{{Cite web|url=https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/brazil-saudi-arabia-lula-meets-bin-salman-focus-on-investments-in-renewable-energy/|title=Brazil-Saudi Arabia: Lula meets bin Salman, focus on investments in renewable energy|work=Agenzia Nova|date=28 November 2023|access-date=28 February 2024|archive-date=28 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228042130/https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/brazil-saudi-arabia-lula-meets-bin-salman-focus-on-investments-in-renewable-energy/|url-status=live}}</ref> They discussed strengthening bilateral relations, and investments in both countries.<ref name="auto18"/><ref name="auto17"/> Salman said that a more robust strategic partnership between the two countries would benefit both sides.<ref name="auto18"/> The $10 billion that the [[sovereign wealth fund]] of Saudi Arabia pledged to invest in Brazil was one topic of conversation.<ref name="auto18"/><ref name="auto17"/>  Lula mentioned Brazil's rapprochement with Arab countries.<ref name="auto18"/> Salman also discussed Saudi Arabia's entry into BRICS in January 2024.<ref name="auto18"/>  Lula invited Salman to visit Brazil in 2024.<ref name="auto18"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/politica/noticia/2023-11/lula-highlights-brazilian-investment-green-energy|title=Lula highlights Brazilian investment in green energy|date=29 November 2023|website=Agência Brasil|access-date=28 February 2024|archive-date=28 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228042128/https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/politica/noticia/2023-11/lula-highlights-brazilian-investment-green-energy|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto17"/>

In February 2024, Saudi Ambassador to Brazil Faisal Ghulam participated in a reception held by the ambassadors of [[Arab countries|Arab]] and [[Islamic countries]] in honour of Lula, and on behalf of the ambassadors of the Arab and Islamic countries, Ghulam delivered a speech in which he reviewed the developing relations between the Arab and Islamic countries and Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arab.news/6shnm|title=Arab and Islamic ambassadors' reception honors Brazilian President Lula|date=10 February 2024|website=Arab News}}</ref>

===== Israel–Palestine war =====
Lula condemned the [[Gaza war|Hamas attack on Israel]] carried out on 7 October 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lula Says He Condemned 'Terrorist Attacks' in Conversation with Israeli President |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/world/2023/10/lula-says-he-condemned-terrorist-attacks-in-conversation-with-israeli-president.shtml |work=Folha de S.Paulo |date=13 October 2023 |access-date=3 November 2023 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103105409/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/world/2023/10/lula-says-he-condemned-terrorist-attacks-in-conversation-with-israeli-president.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> On 11 October 2023, he called for a ceasefire in the [[Gaza war|Israel–Gaza war]], stating, it was "urgently needed in defence of Israeli and Palestinian children".<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil's Lula calls for ceasefire, humanitarian intervention in Israel-Palestinian conflict|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/israel-palestinians-brazil/brazils-lula-calls-for-ceasefire-humanitarian-intervention-in-israel-palestinian-conflict-idUSKBN31B1DM|work=Reuters|date=11 October 2023|access-date=3 November 2023|archive-date=1 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101113605/https://www.reuters.com/article/israel-palestinians-brazil/brazils-lula-calls-for-ceasefire-humanitarian-intervention-in-israel-palestinian-conflict-idUSKBN31B1DM|url-status=live}}</ref> Lula urged [[Hamas]] to release [[Gaza war hostage crisis|kidnapped]] Israeli children and Israel to stop bombing the [[Gaza Strip]] and allow Palestinian children and their mothers to leave the war zone.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil's Lula Calls To Protect Children In Israel-Gaza War |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/brazil-s-lula-calls-to-protect-children-in-israel-gaza-war-145c5775 |work=Barron's |date=11 October 2023 |access-date=3 November 2023 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103105409/https://www.barrons.com/news/brazil-s-lula-calls-to-protect-children-in-israel-gaza-war-145c5775 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 25 October 2023, Lula stated, "It's not a war, it's a [[Palestinian genocide accusation|genocide]]".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Verdélio |first1=Andreia |title=President Lula says war in the Middle East is genocide |url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/politica/noticia/2023-10/president-lula-says-war-middle-east-genocide |date=25 October 2023 |website=Agência Brasil |access-date=3 November 2023 |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107051920/https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/politica/noticia/2023-10/president-lula-says-war-middle-east-genocide |url-status=live }}</ref> On 18 February 2024, he drew comparisons to the [[The Holocaust|Nazi Holocaust]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=18 February 2024 |title=Brazil's Lula compares Israel's war on Gaza with the Holocaust|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/18/brazils-lula-compares-israels-war-on-gaza-with-the-holocaust|work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]|location= |access-date=24 February 2024}}</ref> That same day, he was [[Weaponization of antisemitism|accused of "blatant antisemitism"]] by [[Dani Dayan]], the Chairman of [[Yad Vashem]], the World Holocaust Remembrance Centre, for comparing Israel's actions to Adolf Hitler.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2024 |title=Israel livid as Brazil's Lula says Israel like 'Hitler,' committing genocide in Gaza |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-livid-as-brazils-lula-says-israel-like-hitler-committing-genocide-in-gaza/ |website=The Times of Israel|access-date=18 February 2024}}</ref> Brazil's ambassador to Israel [[Frederico Meyer]] was recalled after these comments, and President Lula was designated a ''[[persona non grata]]'' in the State of Israel.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ionova |first1=Ana |last2=Motoryn |first2=Paulo |title=Brazil's President Lula Recalls Ambassador to Israel, Escalating Dispute |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/19/world/middleeast/brazil-israel-war-lula-ambassador.html |access-date=19 February 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Berman |first1=Lazar |title=Israel declares Brazil's Lula persona non grata for comparing Gaza war to Holocaust |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-declares-brazils-lula-persona-non-grata-for-comparing-gaza-war-to-holocaust/ |access-date=19 February 2024 |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=19 February 2024}}</ref> Lula subsequently declined to apologise and despite having invoked a comparison with Adolf Hitler, he stated "I did not say the word Holocaust, that was the interpretation of the prime minister of Israel, it was not mine."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Middle East crisis live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/feb/28/middle-east-crisis-live-red-sea-houthi-attack-gaza-israel-hamas |access-date=28 February 2024 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>

=====United States=====
[[File:10.02.2023 - Reunião com o Presidente dos Estados Unidos da América, Joe Biden (52681638789).jpg|thumb|Lula and US President [[Joe Biden]] at the [[White House]] on 10 February 2023]]
In April 2023, alluding to the support of the United States for Ukraine in the wake of the  Russian invasion of Ukraine, Lula said that the US needs to "stop encouraging war."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/pt-br/lula-diz-que-eua-precisam-parar-de-incentivar-guerra/a-65335431|title=Lula diz que EUA precisam parar de "incentivar guerra" – DW – 15/04/2023|website=DW}}</ref> In May 2023, he said that US economic sanctions on Venezuela were  "worse than a war" and "kill" women and children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://noticias.r7.com/brasilia/lula-critica-sancoes-a-venezuela-e-diz-que-bloqueios-matam-pessoas-29052023|title=Lula critica sanções à Venezuela e diz que bloqueios matam pessoas|date=29 May 2023|website=R7.com}}</ref> In February 2024, [[University of São Paulo]] foreign policy expert Feliciano de Sa Guimaraes said Lula only listens to one side in his government, "the left-wing, anti-American voices who very aggressively speak of a radical change in the global order."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/brazils-lula-row-with-israel-has-divided-his-own-base/a-68362841|title=Brazil's Lula: Row with Israel has 'divided his own base|date=25 February 2024|website=DW}}</ref>

=====Venezuela=====

[[File:29.05.2023 - Visita Oficial do Presidente da República Bolivariana da Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro (52936060538).jpg|thumb|Lula meeting with Venezuelan President [[Nicolás Maduro]], May 2023]]
Lula restored diplomatic ties that Brazil had cut off with Venezuela's [[Nicolas Maduro]] government after 2018 elections that had been [[Venezuelan presidential crisis|condemned by critics as a sham]]. In March 2023, Lula refused to join 54 other nations and sign a United Nations declaration criticizing Venezuela's human rights abuses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/04/21/could-the-west-fall-out-of-love-with-lula-because-of-brazils-foreign-policy|title=Could the West fall out of love with Lula?|date=21 April 2023|website=euronews}}</ref> In May 2023 Lula met with Maduro in Brazil.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/05/30/lula-and-maduro-launch-new-era-in-brazil-venezuela-ties_6028441_4.html|title=Lula and Maduro launch 'new era' in Brazil-Venezuela ties|date=30 May 2023|work=Le Monde}}</ref>

In May 2023, Lula warmly embraced and fully supported Venezuela's authoritarian leftist President Nicolás Maduro.<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/lula-maduro-brazil-unasur-regional-summit-6e528b8f0894d48900d344b917534352|title=Brazilian president's support of Venezuela's leader mars unity at South America summit|date=31 May 2023|website=AP News|first1=Carla|last1=Bridi|first2=Diane|last2=Jeantet|access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref>  Lula dismissed charges against Maduro of [[human rights]] and [[civil rights]] abuses as a political "constructed narrative."<ref name="auto8"/>  Lula was criticized by Uruguay's President [[Luis Lacalle Pou]], who said that the "worst thing we can do" is pretend there are no significant human rights problems in Venezuela, and by Chile's President [[Gabriel Boric]], who said that Lula was making light of [[Human rights in Venezuela|human rights violations in Venezuela]].<ref name="auto7"/> Lula also criticized as "unjustified" [[Sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis|U.S. sanctions on Venezuela]] for its alleged human rights abuses, and criticized the United States for denying the legitimacy of Maduro, who the U.S. said had not allowed free elections.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/venezuelas-maduro-meets-lula-first-visit-brazil-since-2015-2023-05-29/|title=Maduro and Lula hit out at US sanctions on Venezuela |publisher=Reuters|date=29 May 2023|access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/venezuela-sanctions-brazils-president-lula-condemns-us-measures-and-hints-at-currency-to-challenge-dollar-12892990|title=Venezuela sanctions: Brazil's President Lula condemns US measures and hints at currency to challenge dollar|website=Sky News|date=30 May 2023|access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-65750537|title=Lula welcomes back banned Venezuelan leader Maduro|date=29 May 2023|work=BBC|first1=Will|last1=Grant|first2=Jaroslav|last2=Lukiv|access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref>

==== Economy ====
{{Further|Bolsa Família}}

[[File:PM in a family photograph during the BRICS Leaders Retreat Meeting, at Johannesburg, in South Africa on August 23, 2023 (1).jpg|thumb|left|Lula and other BRICS leaders at the [[15th BRICS summit|15th BRICS Summit]], August 2023, in Johannesburg]]
In March 2023, Lula reinforced the ''Bolsa Família'' program. The programme was created during the first term of Lula and then significantly cut by [[Jair Bolsonaro]], with its goal being help to around 60 million Brazilians suffering from poverty.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil's Lula re-launches program known for lifting millions out of poverty |url=https://www.laprensalatina.com/brazils-lula-re-launches-program-known-for-lifting-millions-out-of-poverty/ |access-date=13 September 2023 |agency=La Prensa Latina |date=2 March 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029181310/https://www.laprensalatina.com/brazils-lula-re-launches-program-known-for-lifting-millions-out-of-poverty/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to [[the World Bank]] estimates, the reinforced programme would reduce the poverty rate in Brazil to 24.3% – the level before the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Food Insecurity and Food Inflation in Brazil |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil/publication/brazil-food-insecurity-and-food-inflation#:~:text=Coupled%20with%20extra%20upward%20revision,(World%20Bank%2C%202023). |website=The World Bank |access-date=13 September 2023 |archive-date=19 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019060853/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil/publication/brazil-food-insecurity-and-food-inflation#:~:text=Coupled%20with%20extra%20upward%20revision,(World%20Bank%2C%202023). |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=How left-wing on economics is Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva?|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2022/09/19/how-left-wing-on-economics-is-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva |access-date=1 November 2022|issn=0013-0613 |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101021412/https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2022/09/19/how-left-wing-on-economics-is-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva |url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2023, Lula announced a vast infrastructure investment programme of over $350 billion over four years. Part of this sum is earmarked to finance the "My home, my life" social housing project. It also includes 100 billion for energy and 65 billion for transport and roads. Education and health are also concerned, with the construction of schools and hospitals. The project also aims to boost economic growth and develop [[clean energy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-launches-growth-acceleration-plan-set-invest-350-bln-2023-08-11/|title=Brazil's Lula unveils $350 bln 'growth acceleration' plan|work=Reuters|date=11 August 2023|access-date=18 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2023/08/11/novo-pac-lula-lanca-programa-nesta-sexta-e-governo-preve-investir-r-60-bi-por-ano.ghtml | title=Novo PAC: Lula lança programa nesta sexta, e governo prevê R$ 1,68 trilhão em investimentos | date=11 August 2023 | access-date=5 January 2024 | archive-date=14 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014194029/https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2023/08/11/novo-pac-lula-lanca-programa-nesta-sexta-e-governo-preve-investir-r-60-bi-por-ano.ghtml | url-status=live }}</ref>

At the beginning of September, he presented a major plan to eradicate hunger, as 33 million Brazilians do not have enough to eat, and more than half the country is affected to varying degrees by some form of [[Food security|food insecurity]]. To this end, he set up a national network of food banks to prevent wastage, increased the budget allocated to school meals and increased the purchase of food from family farms to supply public canteens. These measures are part of a broader policy to build social housing and raise the minimum wage and other social benefits. The fight against world hunger is also high on the Brazilian president's international agenda.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/07/13/brazil-s-fight-against-hunger-is-back-at-the-forefront_6052170_4.html | title=Brazil's fight against hunger is back at the forefront | newspaper=Le Monde.fr | date=13 July 2023 | access-date=5 January 2024 | archive-date=5 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105152159/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/07/13/brazil-s-fight-against-hunger-is-back-at-the-forefront_6052170_4.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 September 2014|title=Brazil removed from UN World Hunger Map|url=https://apnews.com/article/5c74f94eadaf47c28995416d5e9fae85 |access-date=1 November 2022|website=[[AP News]]|language=en |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101021417/https://apnews.com/article/5c74f94eadaf47c28995416d5e9fae85 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In the first quarter of 2023, Brazilian economy grew by 1.9%. In the second quarter, by 0.9%, 3 times more than expected, while many of the neighbors of Brazil saw a shrinkage in their economy. The possible reasons of this phenomenon included reduced inflation, a good harvest, and an improved credit rating. The economic policy of Lula regarding taxation, spending, public ownership of some companies probably played a major role in this. Explaining his economic philosophy Lula once said: ""[Brazilians] need to understand that the money that exists in this country needs to circulate in the hands of many people," "We do not want the concentration of wealth. We want more people to have access to credit to make the wheel of the economy turn. The growing economy needs to be distributed."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lasarte |first1=Diego |title=After two straight quarters of economic growth in Brazil, Lula is back to beating expectations |url=https://qz.com/after-two-straight-quarters-of-economic-growth-in-brazi-1850805748 |website=Quartz |date=5 September 2023 |access-date=12 September 2023 |archive-date=12 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912093301/https://qz.com/after-two-straight-quarters-of-economic-growth-in-brazi-1850805748 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Environment ====
[[File:Global Biofuels Alliance at G20 New Delhi 2023.jpg|thumb|left|Launch of the [[Global Biofuel Alliance]] at the [[2023 G20 New Delhi summit]]]]
During his campaign, Lula pledged to end [[illegal logging]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Malleret|first=Constance|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/10/brazil-record-deforestation-amazon-rainforest-lula-bolsonaro|title=Record deforestation in Brazil's Amazon rainforest shows challenge facing Lula|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=10 March 2023|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=21 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421161715/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/10/brazil-record-deforestation-amazon-rainforest-lula-bolsonaro|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, Lula had presented a road map for curbing [[deforestation]]. It was part of "The Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon", which sought to decrease deforestation in the Amazon by 80% by 2020.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Oliveira Pires |first1=Mauro |last2=María Majano |first2=Ana |last3=José Gutiérrez |first3=María |title=Implementing prevention and control policies for reducing deforestation |url=https://transparency-partnership.net/sites/default/files/brazil_gpa_long_0.pdf |journal=Global Good Practice Analysis on LEDS, NAMAs and MRV |publisher=Partnership on Transparency in the Paris Agreement |pages=3 |access-date=23 January 2024 |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531010713/https://transparency-partnership.net/sites/default/files/brazil_gpa_long_0.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> This plan was largely responsible for the 83% decrease in the Amazon deforestation rate in the years 2004 through 2012, but it was suspended during Bolsonaro's presidency. Lula re-affirmed the plan's goals in his third term, with a new target of zero illegal deforestation by the year 2030.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brazil's Lula lays out plan to halt Amazon deforestation |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/06/06/brazils-lula-lays-out-plan-to-halt-amazon-deforestation-00100342 |website=Politico |date=6 June 2023 |publisher=ASSOCIATED PRESS |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620072230/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/06/06/brazils-lula-lays-out-plan-to-halt-amazon-deforestation-00100342 |url-status=live }}</ref> The plan includes different measures for creating a sustainable economy in the Amazon region, like [[bioeconomy]], rural credits and managed fishing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2023 |title=Brazil's Lula lays out plan to halt Amazon deforestation, make country "global reference" on climate |url=https://apnews.com/article/brazil-climate-carbon-amazon-deforestation-marina-d24fdc687f8e1ef27da2265bf70aad2f |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=22 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122234540/https://apnews.com/article/brazil-climate-carbon-amazon-deforestation-marina-d24fdc687f8e1ef27da2265bf70aad2f |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Amazon CIAT (5).jpg|thumb|The [[Amazon rainforest]] near [[Manaus]], Brazil]]

According to Amazon Conservation's MAAP forest monitoring programme, the deforestation rate in the Brazilian Amazon from the 1 January to the 8 November 2023 decreased by 59% in comparison to the same period in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Spring |first1=Jake |title=Climate boost: 2023 Amazon deforestation drops 55.8%, study finds |url=https://www.mynrination.com/brazil/2023/11/29/climate-boost-2023-amazon-deforestation-drops-558-study-finds |website=The NRI Nation |date=29 November 2023 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=3 December 2023 |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203133835/https://www.mynrination.com/brazil/2023/11/29/climate-boost-2023-amazon-deforestation-drops-558-study-finds |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Prange de Oliveira |first1=Astrid |title=The Amazon: Once again a Model of Climate Protection, even Beyond Brazil? |url=https://www.welthungerhilfe.org/global-food-journal/rubrics/climate-resources/amazon-a-model-for-climate-protection-again |website=WELTHUNGERHILFE.ORG |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030155812/https://www.welthungerhilfe.org/global-food-journal/rubrics/climate-resources/amazon-a-model-for-climate-protection-again |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Deforestation Down 40 Percent So Far This Year |url=https://e360.yale.edu/digest/amazon-deforestation-down-2023 |website=Yale Environment 360 |publisher=Yale School of the Environment |access-date=14 May 2023 |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513031307/https://e360.yale.edu/digest/amazon-deforestation-down-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2023 the deforestation rate was 66% lower than in July 2022. In the beginning of August Lula participated in the Belem summit,  8 Amazonian nations renewed [[Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization|the Amazon cooperation treaty]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon deforestation continues to fall under Lula |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2023/08/amazon-deforestation-continues-to-fall-under-lula/ |website=Mongabay |date=5 August 2023 |access-date=6 August 2023 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806013514/https://news.mongabay.com/2023/08/amazon-deforestation-continues-to-fall-under-lula/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Update inline|date=January 2024}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Watts |first1=Jonathan |title=Amazon deforestation falls over 60% compared with last July, says Brazilian minister |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/aug/02/amazon-deforestation-falls-over-60-compared-with-last-july-says-brazilian-minister |access-date=6 August 2023 |agency=The Guardian |date=2 August 2023 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806070830/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/aug/02/amazon-deforestation-falls-over-60-compared-with-last-july-says-brazilian-minister |url-status=live }}</ref>

However, there are concerns that illegal loggers have partly moved their action from the Amazon rainforest to [[Cerrado]], where the environmental destruction has increased.<ref>{{cite news |last1=LOGIURATTO |first1=Eugenia |title=Lula to host S.American summit on saving the Amazon |url=https://www.terradaily.com/reports/Lula_to_host_SAmerican_summit_on_saving_the_Amazon_999.html |access-date=6 August 2023 |agency=Terra Daily |date=5 August 2023 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806045217/https://www.terradaily.com/reports/Lula_to_host_SAmerican_summit_on_saving_the_Amazon_999.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

As a whole, the rate of primary forest loss declined in Brazil by 36% in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McGrath |first1=Matt |title=Climate change: Logging decline after political change in Brazil, Colombia |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68716874 |access-date=7 April 2024 |agency=BBC}}</ref>

Bolsonaro had strongly cut spending for security in the Brazilian Amazon, and in 2022, 34 environmental defenders were murdered in this region. When Lula re-assumed office, he sent troops to restore law enforcement in the region. In October 2023, there were still "reports of violence, threats, torture, intimidation, attempts at criminalization and other non-lethal violations".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Alves |first1=Thiago |title=The Amazon: The most dangerous place in the world for environmental defenders |url=https://www.brazilreports.com/the-amazon-the-most-dangerous-place-in-the-world-for-environmental-defenders/5428/ |website=The Brazilian Report |date=14 October 2023 |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207194015/https://brazilreports.com/the-amazon-the-most-dangerous-place-in-the-world-for-environmental-defenders/5428/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April, Biden pledged to give $500 million to the [[The Amazon Fund|Amazon Fund]] which was frozen during the rule of Bolsonaro and reactivated when Lula returned to power, to deal with [[climate change]]".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pozzebon|first1=Stefano|last2=John|first2=Tara|last3=Judd|first3=DJ|title=US President Joe Biden pledges $500 million to curb Amazon deforestation|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/20/americas/us-biden-amazon-fund-petro-intl-latam/index.html|access-date=21 April 2023|agency=CNN|date=20 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420223426/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/20/americas/us-biden-amazon-fund-petro-intl-latam/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[John Kerry]], the overall financial help from US to Brazil for stopping deforestation through different channels will be around 2 billion US dollars.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Silva|first1=Cede|title=Biden pledge USD 500 million for Amazon Fund|url=https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2023/04/20/biden-pledge-amazon-fund/|website=The Brazilian Report|date=20 April 2023|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420135014/https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2023/04/20/biden-pledge-amazon-fund/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lula and French president [[Emmanuel Macron]] agreed about cooperation between Brazil and France on different environmental issues, including the transmission of 1.1 billion dollars for preserving the Amazon rainforest.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Parolin |first1=Lucas |title=Macron, Lula strengthen climate pacts |url=https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news-and-insights/latest-market-news/2553982-macron-lula-strengthen-climate-pacts |access-date=7 April 2024 |agency=Argus |date=3 April 2024}}</ref>
[[File:21.01.2023 - Anúncio de ações emergenciais para a população Yanomami (52640430517).jpg|thumb|Lula visits the [[Yanomami|Yanomami people]] in the Brazilian state of [[Roraima]] during the [[Yanomami humanitarian crisis]] in January 2023]]
Lula pledged to recognize 14 new [[Indigenous territory (Brazil)|indigenous reserves]]. Six were recognized as of May 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hemingway Jaynes |first1=Cristen |title=Lula Recognizes Six New Brazilian Indigenous Reserves |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/lula-brazil-indigenous-reserves-mining.html |access-date=10 May 2023 |agency=Ecowatch |date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509005726/https://www.ecowatch.com/lula-brazil-indigenous-reserves-mining.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Lula and American president Joe Biden committed to work together on the issue.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Unterstell|first1=Natalie|last2=Marie Oseland|first2=Karen|title=Comment: Biden and Lula want to save the Amazon. Will the private sector answer their call?|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/comment-biden-lula-want-save-amazon-will-private-sector-answer-their-call-2023-03-02/|access-date=21 April 2023|work=Reuters|date=2 March 2023|archive-date=21 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421142248/https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/comment-biden-lula-want-save-amazon-will-private-sector-answer-their-call-2023-03-02/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Several hours after Lula talked about leaving fossil fuels at the [[2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] (also known as COP28), his government held an auction in which it offered 603 territorial blocks for oil extraction. The territories cover 2% of the territory of Brazil, overlap with many protected areas or areas belonging to indigenous people and can result in a release of 1 gigaton of CO2.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cabette Fabio |first1=Andre |title=Brazil oil auction angers activists after Lula's COP28 vow |url=https://www.context.news/net-zero/brazil-oil-auction-angers-activists-after-lulas-cop28-vow |access-date=9 January 2024 |agency=Context |date=15 December 2023 |archive-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218093455/https://www.context.news/net-zero/brazil-oil-auction-angers-activists-after-lulas-cop28-vow |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lula has expressed support for the paving of [[BR-319 (Brazil highway)|BR-319]], a project initiated by the Bolsonaro government. Although he argues that the project can be done sustainably, one study found that the road could enable [[deforestation]] on a scale of territory the size of [[Florida]] by 2030. A court blocked the project in July 2024, saying that the government lacked a plan to combat the deforestation that would follow the implementation of the project.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil court overturns Amazon highway decision |url=https://www.dw.com/en/brazil-court-overturns-amazon-highway-decision/a-69770605 |access-date=29 July 2024 |agency=Deutsche Welle |date=26 July 2024}}</ref>

====Freedom of the press====
In March 2023, the Lula government launched a campaign to fight "misinformation".<ref name="auto25">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/5/5/a-brazilian-ministry-of-truth-is-in-the-making|title=A Brazilian 'Ministry of Truth' is in the making|first=Raphael Tsavkko|last=Garcia|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brazilreports.com/proposed-bill-to-regulate-social-media-in-brazil-raises-discussion-on-freedom-of-speech-and-the-fight-against-fake-news/4635/|title=Proposed bill to regulate social media in Brazil raises discussion on freedom of speech and the fight against fake news|first=Tabata|last=Viapiana|work=Brazil Reports |date=27 April 2023}}</ref> The initiative was viewed by many as a tool for Lula's administration to delegitimize criticism it faces—under the guise of "fact-checking", and raised serious concerns about freedom of expression.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/americas/20230509-messaging-app-telegram-calls-brazil-disinformation-law-attack-on-democracy|title=US tech giant Telegram calls Brazil disinformation law 'attack on democracy'|date=9 May 2023|website=France 24}}</ref><ref name="auto25"/> In response, the senior programme director of the [[International Center for Journalists|International Centre for Journalists]], Christina Tardáliga, tweeted "There is no such thing as government fact-checking. This appropriation of the term is misguided and offensive. What the government does is propaganda."<ref name="auto25"/>

====Head injury====
In late October 2024, Lula suffered a fall in the official residence, which resulted in trauma to the back of his head and a small brain hemorrhage in the temporal-frontal region, prompting him to cancel, under advice from his doctors, a planned trip to a [[16th BRICS summit|BRICS summit in Russia]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 October 2024 |title=Brazil's Lula says head injury 'serious,' with update from doctors in coming days |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazils-lula-well-after-head-injury-minister-says-2024-10-21/ |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=21 October 2024 |title=Brazil president Lula cancels Brics trip to Russia after 'small brain haemorrhage' from fall |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/21/brazil-president-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva-fall-russia-trip-brics |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> In December of the same year, he was admitted to hospital after complaining of a headache. A brain haemorrhage was discovered after an [[MRI scan]], and an emergency [[craniotomy]] was performed. The [[intracranial haemorrhage]] was attributed to his fall in October. After the operation he was reported to be recovering in [[intensive care]].<ref>{{cite news| last=Phillips | first=Tom | title=Brazilian president in intensive care after emergency brain surgery |newspaper=The Guardian | date=10 December 2024 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/10/brazilian-president-lula-intensive-care-brain-surgery }}</ref>