Editing List of Roman emperors (section)

== References ==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|20em}}

=== Works cited ===
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite book |author=[[Publius Cornelius Tacitus]] |title=[[The Annals]] |translator-last=Frederick W. Shipley |publisher=[[Loeb Classical Library]] |year=1924 |url= |ref={{sfnref|Tacitus}} |orig-date=c. AD 110}}
* {{Cite book |author=[[Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus]] |title=[[The Twelve Caesars]] |translator-last=[[John Carew Rolfe]] |publisher=[[Loeb Classical Library]] |year=1914 |ref={{sfnref|Suetonius}} |orig-date=c. AD 121}}
* {{Cite book |author=[[Cassius Dio]] |title=Roman History |translator-last=Earnest Cary |publisher=[[Loeb Classical Library]] |year=1927 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/home.html#45 |ref={{sfnref|Cassius Dio}} |orig-date=c. 230}}
* {{Cite book |last=Angelov |first=Dimiter G. |title=Becoming Byzantine: Children and Childhood in Byzantium |publisher=Dumbarton Oaks |date=2009 |isbn=978-0-8840-2356-2 |editor-last=Papaconstantinou |editor-first=Arietta |chapter=Emperors and Patriarchs as Ideal Children and Adolescents: Literary Conventions and Cultural Expectations |editor-last2=Talbot |editor-first2=Alice-Mary |editor2-link=Alice-Mary Talbot |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YnzbBwkDaeMC&pg=PA100}}
* {{Cite book |last=Angelov |first=Dimiter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=md9KvAEACAAJ |title=The Byzantine Hellene: The Life of Emperor Theodore Laskaris and Byzantium in the Thirteenth Century |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |date=2019 |isbn=978-1-1084-8071-0 |location=Cambridge}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Arnold |first1=Jonathan J. |url=https://brill.com/view/title/31823 |title=A Companion to Ostrogothic Italy |last2=Bjornlie |first2=M. Shane |last3=Sessa |first3=Kristina |publisher=BRILL |date=2016 |isbn=978-9-0043-1376-7 |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=Jonathan J. |location=Leiden |chapter=Introduction |editor-last2=Bjornlie |editor-first2=M. Shane |editor-last3=Sessa |editor-first3=Kristina |chapter-url=https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004315938/B9789004315938_002.xml}}
* {{Cite book |last=Barnes |first=Timothy D. |author-link=Timothy Barnes (classicist) |url={{Google books|K3poAAAAMAAJ|plainurl=y}} |title=The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=1982 |isbn=0-6742-8066-0 |location=Harvard |ref={{SfnRef|Barnes}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Becker |first=C. H. |author-link=Carl Heinrich Becker |title=The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume II: The Rise of the Saracens and the Foundation of the Western Empire |publisher=The Macmillan Company |date=1913 |editor-last=Gwatkin |editor-first=H. M. |location=New York |chapter=The Expansion of the Saracens—The East |oclc=14739796 |editor-last2=Whitney |editor-first2=J. P.}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=scJJDAAAQBAJ |title=John II Komnenos, Emperor of Byzantium |publisher=Routledge |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-4724-6024-0 |editor-last=Bucossi |editor-first=Alessandra |location=London |editor-last2=Rodriguez Suarez |editor-first2=Alex}}
* {{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=Richard W.|chapter=Cutting the ‹Herculian› Knot: When Did Maximian Become Caesar and Augustus? |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s-_tEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |title=Chiron 53|date=2023 |publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]] GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-125249-0 |doi=10.34780/74h5-hc1b |editor1=Schuler |editor2=Haensch |editor3=Killen |pages=1–39}}
* {{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=Richard W. |url=https://www.steiner-verlag.de/en/Roman-Imperial-Chronology-and-Early-Fourth-Century-Historiography/9783515107327 |title=Roman imperial chronology and early-fourth-century historiography |date=2014 |publisher=Steiner |isbn=978-3-515-10732-7 |series=Historia Einzelschriften |location=Stuttgart}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Cameron |first=Alan |date=1988 |title=Flavius: a Nicety of Protocol |journal=Latomus |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=26–33 |jstor=41540754}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chalandon |first=Ferdinand |author-link=Ferdinand Chalandon |title=The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume IV: The Eastern Roman Empire (717–1453) |publisher=The Macmillan Company |date=1923 |editor-last=Tanner |editor-first=J. R. |location=New York |chapter=The Earlier Comneni |oclc=14739796 |editor-last2=Previté-Orton |editor-first2=C. W. |editor-last3=Brooke |editor-first3=Z. N.}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Claes |first=Liesbeth |date=2015 |title=Coins with power?: imperial and local messages on the coinage of the usurpers of the second half of the third century |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A2865541/view |journal=Jaarboek voor Munt- en Penningkunde |volume=102 |pages=15–60 |oclc=948592865}}
* {{Cite book |last=Çolak |first=Hasan |title=Frontiers of the Ottoman Imagination |publisher=Brill |date=2014 |isbn=978-9-0042-8351-0 |editor-last=Hadjianastasis |editor-first=Marios |location=Leiden |chapter=''Tekfur'', ''fasiliyus'' and ''kayser'': Disdain, Negligence and Appropriation of Byzantine Imperial Titulature in the Ottoman World |chapter-url=https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004283510/B9789004283510_003.xml}}
* {{Cite book |last=Collins |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Collins |title=Visigothic Spain, 409–711 |publisher=Blackwell |date=2004 |isbn=978-0-6311-8185-9 |location=Oxford}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cooley |first=Alison E. |author-link=Alison E. Cooley |title=The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-5218-4026-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=488–509 |chapter=Appendix 2; Augustus−Justinian |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VlghAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA488}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cotsonis |first=John A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCrXDwAAQBAJ |title=The Religious Figural Imagery of Byzantine Lead Seals I |publisher=Routledge |date=2020 |isbn=978-0-3673-4696-6 |location=Oxford}}
* {{Cite book |last=Croke |first=Brian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SNMuDwAAQBAJ |title=The Chronicle of Marcellinus: A translation with commentary |publisher=Brill |date=1995 |isbn=978-9-0043-4463-1 |location=London}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Croke |first=Brian |date=2004 |title=The Imperial Reigns of Leo II |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/BYZS.2003.559/html |journal=[[Byzantinische Zeitschrift]] |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=559–575 |doi=10.1515/BYZS.2003.559 |s2cid=191460505}}
* {{Cite book |last=Dragon |first=Gilbert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCnN4yAojagC |title=Emperor and Priest: The Imperial Office in Byzantium |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2003 |isbn=978-0-5218-0123-2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Elton |first=Charles A. |author-link=Charles Abraham Elton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pX4LAAAAYAAJ |title=A History of the Roman Emperors |publisher=Baldwin, Cradock and Joy |date=1825}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Estiot |first=Sylviane |date=1996 |title=L'empereur Silbannacus, un second antoninien |trans-title=Emperor Silbannacus, a second Antoninianus |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/numi_0484-8942_1996_num_6_151_2087 |journal=Revue numismatique |language=fr-FR |volume=6 |issue=151 |pages=105–117 |doi=10.3406/numi.1996.2087}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Feiller |first=Albert |date=1976 |title=Nouvelle note sur la chronologie du règne de Jean Cantacuzène |trans-title=New note on the chronology of the reign of John Kantakouzenos |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rebyz_0766-5598_1976_num_34_1_2046 |journal=[[Études byzantines]] |volume=34 |pages=119–124 |doi=10.3406/rebyz.1976.2046}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Foss |first=Clive |date=2005 |title=Emperors named Constantine |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/numi_0484-8942_2005_num_6_161_2594 |journal=Revue numismatique |volume=6 |issue=161 |pages=93–102 |doi=10.3406/numi.2005.2594}}
* {{Cite book |last=Garland |first=Lynda |author-link=Lynda Garland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a5GFAgAAQBAJ |title=Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium AD 527–1204 |publisher=Routledge |date=1999 |isbn=0-4151-4688-7 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Garland |first=Lynda |author-link=Lynda Garland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4eMlP3nV4YC |title=Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience 800–1200 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |date=2006 |isbn=978-0-7546-5737-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Grant |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Grant (classicist) |url=https://archive.org/details/romanemperorsbio0000gran |title=The Roman Emperors: A Biographical Guide to the Rulers of Imperial Rome, 31 BC–AD 476 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |date=1985 |isbn=0-6841-8388-9 |location=New York |ref={{SfnRef|Grant}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Grant |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Grant (classicist) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXPakQJ6BLgC |title=From Rome to Byzantium: The Fifth Century |publisher=Psychology Press |date=1998 |isbn=978-0-4151-4753-8 |location=New York}}
* {{Cite book |last=Goldsworthy |first=Adrian Keith |title=How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower |publisher=Yale University Press |date=2009 |isbn=978-0-3001-3719-4 |location=New Haven}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Grierson |first=Philip |author-link=Philip Grierson |date=1962 |title=The Tombs and Obits of the Byzantine Emperors (337–1042) |url=https://archive.org/details/SevcenkoStudies19611992/page/n23/mode/2up |journal=[[Dumbarton Oaks Papers]] |volume=16 |doi=10.2307/1291157 |jstor=1291157 |url-access=subscription}}
* {{Cite book |last=Grierson |first=Philip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIbav7CP4P4C |title=Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection |publisher=[[Dumbarton Oaks]] |date=1968 |isbn=978-0-8840-2024-0 |volume=2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Grierson |first=Philip |url=https://archive.org/details/docoins-3 |title=Catalogue of Byzantine Coins, vol. 3: Leo III to Nicephorus III, 717-1081 |publisher=Dumbarton Oaks |date=1973 |isbn=0-8840-2012-6 |location=Washington D.C.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Halsall |first=Guy |title=Transformations of Romanness: Early Medieval Regions and Identities |publisher=De Gruyter |date=2018 |isbn=978-3-1105-9838-4 |editor-last=Pohl |editor-first=Walter |location=Berlin |chapter=Transformations of Romanness: The northern Gallic case |editor-last2=Gantner |editor-first2=Clemens |editor-last3=Grifoni |editor-first3=Cinzia |editor-last4=Pollheimer-Mohaupt |editor-first4=Marianne |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFqXDwAAQBAJ}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Hammond |first=Mason |author-link=Mason Hammond |date=1957 |title=Imperial Elements in the Formula of the Roman Emperors during the First Two and a Half Centuries of the Empire |journal=Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome |volume=25 |pages=19–64 |doi=10.2307/4238646 |jstor=4238646 |ref={{SfnRef|Hammond}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hartmann |first=L. M. |author-link=Ludo Moritz Hartmann |title=The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume II: The Rise of the Saracens and the Foundation of the Western Empire |publisher=The Macmillan Company |date=1913 |editor-last=Gwatkin |editor-first=H. M. |location=New York |chapter=Italy under the Lombards |oclc=14739796 |editor-last2=Whitney |editor-first2=J. P.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hartmann |first=Udo |url=https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-3460 |title=Rezension zu: C. Körner: Philippus Arabs |date=2002 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=3-1101-7205-4 |series=H-Soz-Kult. Kommunikation und Fachinformation für die Geschichtswissenschaften |language=de |trans-title=Review of C. Körner: Philip the Arab |access-date=2021-04-11}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hekster |first=Olivier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COCqBgAAQBAJ |title=Rome and Its Empire: AD 193–284 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |date=2008 |isbn=978-0-7486-2304-4 |location=Edinburgh}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/prosopography-later-roman-empire |title=Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1971–1992 |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=A. H. M. |editor-link=A. H. M. Jones |location=Cambridge |ref=CITEREFPLRE |editor-last2=Martindale |editor-first2=J. R. |editor-link2=John Robert Martindale |editor-last3=Morris |editor-first3=John |editor-link3=John Morris (historian)}} {{Link note|note=see [[Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire|'''PLRE''']]}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kaegi |first=Walter E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC |title=Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2003 |isbn=0-5218-1459-6 |location=Cambridge}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/odb_20210521 |title=Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=1991 |isbn=978-0-1950-4652-6 |editor-last=Kazhdan |editor-first=Alexander |editor-link=Alexander Kazhdan |location=Oxford |ref=CITEREFODB}} {{Link note|note=see [[Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium|'''ODB''']]}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Kienast |first1=Dietmar |url=https://archive.org/details/romische-kaisertabelle |title=Römische Kaisertabelle: Grundzüge einer römischen Kaiserchronologie |last2=Werner Eck |author-link2=Werner Eck |last3=Matthäus Heil |publisher=[[Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft|WBG]] |date=2017 |isbn=978-3-5342-6724-8 |edition=6th |location=Darmstadt |language=de |trans-title=Roman imperial table: Basics of the Roman imperial chronology |ref={{SfnRef|Kienast|Eck|Heil}} |orig-date=1990 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{Citation |last1=Lascaratos |first1=J. |title=The fatal disease of the Byzantine Emperor Andronicus III Palaeologus (1328-1341 A.D.) |journal=[[Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine]] |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=106–109 |date=1997 |doi=10.1177/014107689709000215 |pmc=1296151 |pmid=9068444 |last2=Marketos |first2=S.}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Lascaratos |first=J. |date=1999 |title="Eyes" on the Thrones: Imperial Ophthalmologic Nicknames |url=https://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/S0039-6257(99)00039-9/abstract |journal=Survey of Ophthalmology |language=English |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=73–78 |doi=10.1016/S0039-6257(99)00039-9 |issn=0039-6257 |pmid=10466590}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lawler |first=Jennifer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEWeCQAAQBAJ |title=Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire |publisher=McFarland |date=2004 |isbn=978-0-7864-6616-0 |location=Jefferson}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lilie |first=Ralph-Johannes |author-link=Ralph-Johannes Lilie |title=[[Prosopography of the Byzantine World]] |date=2001–2016 |ref={{SfnRef|PmbZ}} |display-authors=etal}}
* {{Cite book |last=Logan |first=F. Donald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Ulp9cTtmHEC |title=A History of the Church in the Middle Ages |publisher=Routledge |date=2012 |isbn=978-1-1347-8669-5 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Loewenstein |first=Karl |title=The Governance of Rome |publisher=[[Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|Martinus Nijhoff]] |date=1973 |isbn=978-9-0247-1458-2 |location=The Hague}}
* {{Cite book |last=Macrides |first=Ruth |author-link=Ruth Macrides |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9UYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT303 |title=Pseudo-Kodinos and the Constantinopolitan Court |publisher=Ashgate |date=2013 |isbn=978-0-7546-6752-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Macrides |first=Ruth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QnaRAAAAMAAJ |title=Kinship and Justice in Byzantium, 11th–15th Centuries |publisher=Ashgate |date=1999 |isbn=978-0-8607-8799-0 |location=Aldershot}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mango |first=Cyril |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZ82psJ2pLEC |title=The Oxford History of Byzantium |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2002 |isbn=0-1981-4098-3 |location=Oxford}}
* {{Cite web |last=Mathisen |first=Ralph W. |author-link=Ralph W. Mathisen |date=1997 |title=Romulus Augustulus |url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggiero.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318172614/http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggiero.htm |archive-date=2022-03-18 |website=[[De Imperatoribus Romanis]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Maynard |first=Daniel R.F. |date=2021 |title=Nicephorus III |url=https://www.roman-emperors.org/nickiii.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311020416/https://www.roman-emperors.org/nickiii.htm |archive-date=2022-03-11 |website=[[De Imperatoribus Romanis]]}}
* {{Cite book |last=Meijer |first=Fik |author-link=Fik Meijer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uN_AgAAQBAJ |title=Emperors Don't Die in Bed |publisher=Routledge |date=2004 |isbn=0-4153-1201-9 |location=London |translator-last=Leinbach |translator-first=S. J.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mosshammer |first=Alden |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0umDqPOf2L8C |title=The Easter Computus and the Origins of the Christian Era |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2008 |isbn=978-0-1915-6236-5}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Mladenov |first=Momchil |date=2003 |title=John VII Palaiologos and the Bulgarian Lands in 1390 |url=http://journals.uni-vt.bg/epohi/eng/vol11/iss1/19 |journal=Journal Epohi |language=bg |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=189–196 |issn=2534-8418}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Nicol |first=Donald M. |author-link=Donald Nicol |date=1967 |title=The Byzantine View of Western Europe |journal=Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=315–339}}
* {{The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans}}
* {{Cite book |last=Norwich |first=John Julius |author-link=John Julius Norwich |title=Byzantium: The Apogee |publisher=Penguin |date=1993 |isbn=0-1401-1448-3 |location=Virginia}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Oikonomides |first=Nicolas |date=1977 |title=John VII Palaeologus and the Ivory Pyxis at Dumbarton Oaks |journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers |volume=31 |pages=329–337 |doi=10.2307/1291411 |jstor=1291411}}
* {{Cite book |last=Omissi |first=Adrastos |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EWliDwAAQBAJ |title=Emperors and Usurpers in the Later Roman Empire |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2018 |isbn=978-0-1988-2482-4 |location=Oxford}}
* {{Cite book |last=Peachin |first=Michael |url=https://archive.org/details/ritac235 |title=Roman Imperial Titulature and Chronology, A.D. 235–284 |publisher=Gieben |date=1990 |isbn=9-0506-3034-0 |location=Amsterdam}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Rea |first=J. R. |date=1972 |title=O. Leid. 144 and the Chronology of A. D. 238 |journal=Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik |volume=9 |pages=1–19 |jstor=20180380}}
* {{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKoTAQAAIAAJ |title=Roman Provincial Administration |publisher=Bristol Classical Press |date=1984 |isbn=978-0-8629-2128-6 |location=Bristol |oclc=1067756325}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Sandberg |first=Kaj |date=2008 |title=The So-Called Division of the Roman Empire in AD 395: Notes on a Persistent Theme in Modern Historiography |url=https://journal.fi/arctos/article/view/85853 |journal=Arctos |volume=42 |pages=199–213 |issn=0570-734-X}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Salway |first=Benet |author-link=Benet Salway |date=1994 |title=What's in a Name? A Survey of Roman Onomastic Practice from c. 700 B.C. to A.D. 700 |journal=[[Journal of Roman Studies]] |volume=84 |pages=137–140 |doi=10.2307/300873 |jstor=300873 |s2cid=162435434}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schreiner |first=Peter |url=https://archive.org/details/kleinchroniken2 |title=Die byzantinischen Kleinchroniken II: Historischer Kommentar |publisher=[[ÖAW]] |date=1977 |isbn=978-3-7001-0206-9 |series=[[Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae|CFHB]] |location=Vienna |language=German |trans-title=Byzantine small chronicles 2: Historical commentary |ref={{SfnRef|Schreiner}}}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Seibt |first=Werner |date=2018 |title=Wer war Niketas Nobellisimos und Komes von Opsikion (8. Jahrhundert)? |trans-title=Who was Niketas Nobellisimos and Komes of Opsikion (8th century)? |url=http://austriaca.at/0xc1aa5576%200x00390f8b.pdf |journal=Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik |language=German |volume=67 |pages=213–216 |doi=10.1553/joeb67s213}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Shiel |first=Norman |date=1979 |title=The Coinage of Saloninus as Augustus |journal=Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society) |volume=24 |pages=117–122 |jstor=43573579}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Smolin |first=Nathan I. |title=Christ the Emperor: Roman Emperor and Christian Theology in the 4th Century AD |date=2021 |degree=Doctoral |publisher=University of North Carolina |url=https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/dissertations/gq67k073z?locale=en |doi=10.17615/wg7y-3h07}}
* {{Citation |last=Syme |first=Ronald |title=Imperator Caesar: A Study in Nomenclature |date=1958 |work=Historia |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=175–188 |jstor=4434568 |author-link=Ronald Syme}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Tilemachos |first=Lounghis |date=2015 |title=Review Article: Juan Signes Codoner, The emperor Theophilos and the East, 829-842: Court and frontier in Byzantium during the last phase of Iconoclasm, Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies, vol 13, Ashgate 2014 |journal=Byzantina Symmeikta |volume=25 |pages=237–260 |doi=10.12681/byzsym.8773 |doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/ErichTrappProsopographischesLexikonDerPALAIOLOGENZEIT |title=Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit |publisher=[[ÖAW]] |date=2001 |isbn=978-3-7001-1462-8 |editor-last=Trapp |editor-first=Erich |location=Vienna |language=German |trans-title=Prosopographical Lexicon of the Palaiologan era |ref=CITEREFPLP}} {{Link note|note=see [[Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit|'''PLP''']]}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Treadgold |first=W. |date=1990 |title=A Note on Byzantium's Year of the Four Emperors |url=https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fbyzs.1990.83.2.431 |journal=[[Byzantinische Zeitschrift]] |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=431–33 |doi=10.1515/byzs.1990.83.2.431 |s2cid=194092611}}
* {{Cite book |last=Treadgold |first=Warren |author-link=Warren Treadgold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC |title=A History of the Byzantine State and Society |publisher=Stanford University Press |date=1997 |isbn=978-0-8047-2630-6 |location=Stanford}}
* {{The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium|chapter=The Imperial Ideology|pages=61–101}}
* {{Cite book |last=Vagi |first=David L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=raE7qzBM-OIC |title=Coinage and History of the Roman Empire: c. 82 B.C. – A.D. 480. Volume I: History |publisher=Routledge |date=1999 |isbn=978-1-1389-9907-7 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Watson |first=A. |title=Aurelian and the Third Century |publisher=Routledge |date=1999 |isbn=0-4150-7248-4 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Stephen |title=The Rome that Did Not Fall: The Survival of the East in the Fifth Century |last2=Friell |first2=Gerard |date=1998 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-2039-8231-0 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wu |first=Chiang-Yuan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j9gyDQAAQBAJ |title=Perceiving Power in Early Modern Europe |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-1375-8624-7 |editor-last=So |editor-first=Francis K. H. |chapter="Live Like a King": The Monument of Philopappus and the Continuity of Client-Kingship}}
{{Refend}}

=== Cited links ===
* {{Wikicite |reference="[https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-Roman-emperors-2043294 List of Roman emperors]". ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''|ref={{SfnRef|''Britannica''}}}}
* {{Wikicite |reference="[https://www.livius.org/articles/misc/list-of-roman-emperors/ List of Roman emperors]". ''Livius.org''|ref={{SfnRef|''Livius''}}}}
* {{Wikicite |reference="[https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roru/hd_roru.htm List of Rulers of the Roman Empire]". ''[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]''|ref={{SfnRef|''MET''}}}}