Editing Latin declension (section)

== Adjectives ==

=== First- and second-declension adjectives ===
First- and second-declension adjectives are inflected in the masculine, the feminine and the neuter; the masculine form typically ends in ''-us'' (although some end in ''-er'', see below), the feminine form ends in ''-a'', and the neuter form ends in ''-um''. Therefore, some adjectives are given like {{wikt-lang|la|altus|altus, alta, altum}}.

Adjectives ending ''-ius'' use the vocative ''-ie'' (''ēbrie'', "[O] drunk man", vocative of ''ēbrius''), just as in Old Latin all ''-ius'' nouns did (''fīlie'', "[O] son", archaic vocative of ''fīlius'').

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" | {{wikt-lang|la|altus|altus, alta, altum}}<br /> high, long, tall
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative
| altus || rowspan="2" | alta || rowspan="3" | altum || rowspan="2" | altī || rowspan="2" | altae || rowspan="3" | alta
|-
! Vocative
| alte
|-
! Accusative
| altum || altam || altōs || altās
|-
! Genitive
| altī || rowspan="2" | altae || altī || altōrum || altārum || altōrum
|-
! Dative
| rowspan="2" | altō || rowspan="2" | altō || rowspan="2" colspan="3" | altīs
|-
! Ablative
| altā
|}

==== First- and second-declension ''-r'' adjectives ====
Some first- and second-declension adjectives' masculine forms end in ''-er''. As with second-declension ''-r'' nouns, some adjectives retain the ''e'' throughout inflection, and some omit it. {{wikt-lang|la|sacer|Sacer, sacra, sacrum}} omits its ''e'' while {{wikt-lang|la|miser|miser, misera, miserum}} keeps it.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" | {{wikt-lang|la|miser|miser, misera, miserum}}<br /> sad, poor, unhappy
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative
| rowspan="2" |miser || rowspan="2" |misera || rowspan="3" | miserum || rowspan="2" |miserī || rowspan="2" |miserae || rowspan="3" | misera
|-
! Vocative
|-
! Accusative
| miserum || miseram || miserōs || miserās
|-
! Genitive
| miserī || rowspan="2" | miserae || miserī || miserōrum || miserārum || miserōrum
|-
! Dative
| rowspan="2" | miserō || rowspan="2" | miserō || rowspan="2" colspan="3" | miserīs
|-
! Ablative
| miserā
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" |{{wikt-lang|la|sacer|sacer, sacra, sacrum}}<br /> sacred, holy
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative
| rowspan="2" |sacer || rowspan="2" |sacra || rowspan="3" | sacrum || rowspan="2" |sacrī || rowspan="2" |sacrae || rowspan="3" | sacra
|-
! Vocative
|-
! Accusative
| sacrum || sacram || sacrōs || sacrās
|-
! Genitive
| sacrī || rowspan="2" | sacrae || sacrī || sacrōrum || sacrārum || sacrōrum
|-
! Dative
| rowspan="2" | sacrō || rowspan="2" | sacrō || rowspan="2" colspan="3" | sacrīs
|-
! Ablative
| sacrā
|}

==== First and second declension pronominal adjectives ====
Nine first and second declension pronominal adjectives are irregular in the genitive and dative singular in all genders. They can be remembered by using the mnemonic acronym {{lang|la|ūnus nauta}}. They are:

*{{wikt-lang|la|ullus|ūllus, ūlla, ūllum}} 'any';
*{{wikt-lang|la|nullus|nūllus, nūlla, nūllum}} 'no, none';
*{{wikt-lang|la|uter|uter, utra, utrum}} 'which [of two], either';
*{{wikt-lang|la|solus|sōlus, sōla, sōlum}} 'sole, alone';
*{{wikt-lang|la|neuter|neuter, neutra, neutrum}} 'neither';
*{{wikt-lang|la|alius|alius, alia, aliud}} 'another' (the genitive singular ''alīus'' is often replaced by ''alterīus'' or by ''aliēnus'' 'of another');<ref>Gildersleeve & Lodge (1903), ''Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar'', p. 39.</ref>
*{{wikt-lang|la|unus|ūnus, ūna, ūnum}} 'one';
*{{wikt-lang|la|totus|tōtus, tōta, tōtum}} 'whole';
*{{wikt-lang|la|alter|alter, altera, alterum}} 'other [of two]'.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" | {{wikt-lang|la|ullus|ūllus, ūlla, ūllum}}<br />any
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative
| ūllus || ūlla || rowspan="2" | ūllum || ūllī || ūllae ||  rowspan="2" | ūlla
|-
! Accusative
| ūllum || ūllam || ūllōs || ūllās
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="3" | ūllīus || ūllōrum || ūllārum || ūllōrum
|-
! Dative
| colspan="3" | ūllī || rowspan="2" colspan="3" | ūllīs
|-
! Ablative
| ūllō || ūllā ||  ūllō
|}

=== Third-declension adjectives ===
Third-declension adjectives are normally declined like third-declension ''i''-stem nouns, except for the fact they usually have ''-ī'' rather than ''-e'' in the ablative singular (unlike ''i''-stem nouns, in which only pure i-stems have ''-ī''). Some adjectives, however, like the one-ending {{wikt-lang|la|vetus|vetus, veteris}} ('old, aged'), have ''-e'' in the ablative singular, ''-um'' in the genitive plural, and ''-a'' in the nominative and accusative neuter plural.

====Third-declension adjectives with one ending====<!-- This section is linked from [[Latin conjugation]] -->
These have a single nominative ending for all genders, although as usual the endings for the other cases vary. As with nouns, a genitive is given for the purpose of showing the inflection.

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | {{wikt-lang|la|atrox|atrōx, atrōx}}<br /> terrible, mean, cruel
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine, Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine,  Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
|atrōx || rowspan="2" | atrōx ||atrōcēs || rowspan="2" | atrōcia
|-
! Accusative
|atrōcem ||atrōcēs<br />atrōcīs
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="2" | atrōcis || colspan="2" | atrōcium
|-
! Dative, Ablative
| colspan="2" | atrōcī || colspan="2" | atrōcibus
|}

=====Non-''i''-stem variant=====
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | {{wikt-lang|la|vetus|vetus, vetus}}<br /> old, aged
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine, Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine, Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
|vetus || rowspan="2" | vetus || rowspan="2" | veterēs || rowspan="2" | vetera
|-
! Accusative
|veterem
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="2" | veteris || colspan="2" | veterum
|-
! Dative
| colspan="2" | veterī || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | veteribus
|-
! Ablative
| colspan="2" | vetere
|}

==== Third-declension adjectives with two endings ====
Third-declension adjectives that have two endings have one form for the masculine and feminine, and a separate form for the neuter. The ending for the masculine and feminine is ''-is'', and the ending for the neuter is ''-e''. It is not necessary to give the genitive, as it is the same as the nominative masculine singular.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | {{wikt-lang|la|agilis|agilis, agile}}<br />nimble, swift
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine, Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine, Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
|agilis || rowspan="2" | agile ||agilēs || rowspan="2" | agilia
|-
! Accusative
|agilem ||agilēs<br />agilīs
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="2" | agilis || colspan="2" | agilium
|-
! Dative, Ablative
| colspan="2" | agilī || colspan="2" | agilibus
|}

==== Third-declension adjectives with three endings ====
Third-declension adjectives with three endings have three separate nominative forms for all three genders. Like third and second declension ''-r'' nouns, the masculine ends in ''-er''. The feminine ends in ''-ris'', and the neuter ends in ''-re''. The genitive is the same as the nominative feminine singular.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" | {{wikt-lang|la|celer|celer, celeris, celere}}<br />swift, rapid, brash
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
|celer ||celeris || rowspan="2" | celere || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | celerēs || rowspan="2" | celeria
|-
! Accusative
| colspan="2"| celerem
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="3" | celeris || colspan="3" | celerium
|-
! Dative, Ablative
| colspan="3" | celerī || colspan="3" | celeribus
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" | {{wikt-lang|la|alacer|alacer, alacris, alacre}}<br />lively, jovial, animated
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
|alacer ||alacris || rowspan="2" | alacre || colspan="2" |alacrēs || rowspan="2" | alacria
|-
! Accusative
| colspan="2"|alacrem || colspan="2"|alacrēs<br />alacrīs
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="3" | alacris || colspan="3" | alacrium
|-
! Dative, Ablative
| colspan="3" | alacrī || colspan="3" | alacribus
|}

=== Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives ===
As in English, adjectives have superlative and comparative forms. For regular first and second declension and third declension adjectives with one or two endings, the comparative is formed by adding ''-ior'' for the masculine and feminine, and ''-ius'' for the neuter to the stem. The genitives for both are formed by adding ''-iōris''. Therefore, they are declined in the third declension, but they are not declined as ''i''-stems. Superlatives are formed by adding ''-issimus, -issima, -issimum'' to the stem and are thus declined like first and second declension adjectives.

====General pattern for comparatives====
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | {{wikt-lang|la|altior|altior, altius}}<br /> higher, deeper (comparative of {{wikt-lang|la|altus}})
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine, Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine, Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
|altior || rowspan="2" | altius || rowspan="2" | altiōrēs || rowspan="2" | altiōra
|-
! Accusative
|altiōrem
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="2" | altiōris || colspan="2" | altiōrum
|-
! Dative
| colspan="2" | altiōrī || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | altiōribus
|-
! Ablative
| colspan="2" | altiōre
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" | {{wikt-lang|la|altissimus|altissimus, altissima, altissimum}}<br /> highest, deepest (superlative of {{wikt-lang|la|altus}})
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative
| altissimus || rowspan="2" | altissima || rowspan="3" | altissimum || rowspan="2" | altissimī || rowspan="2" | altissimae || rowspan="3" | altissima
|-
! Vocative
| altissime
|-
! Accusative
| altissimum || altissimam || altissimōs || altissimās
|-
! Genitive
| altissimī || rowspan="2" | altissimae || altissimī || altissimōrum || altissimārum || altissimōrum
|-
! Dative
| rowspan="2" | altissimō || rowspan="2" | altissimō || rowspan="2" colspan="3" | altissimīs
|-
! Ablative
| altissimā
|}

====Comparatives and superlatives with normal endings====
{| class="wikitable"
! Positive||Comparative||Superlative
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|clarus|clārus, clāra, clārum}} ('clear, bright, famous')||{{wikt-lang|la|clarior|clārior, clārius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|clarissimus|clārissimus, clārissima, clārissimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|frigidus|frīgidus, frīgida, frīgidum}} ('cold, chilly')||{{wikt-lang|la|frigidior|frīgidior, frīgidius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|frigidissimus|frīgidissimus, frīgidissima, frīgidissimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|pugnax|pugnāx, pugnāx (pugnācis)}} ('pugnacious')||{{wikt-lang|la|pugnacior|pugnācior, pugnācius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|pugnacissimus|pugnācissimus, pugnācissima, pugnācissimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|benevolens|benevolēns, benevolēns (benevolentis)}} ('kind, benevolent')||{{wikt-lang|la|benevolentior|benevolentior, benevolentius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|benevolentissimus|benevolentissimus, benevolentissima, benevolentissium}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|fortis|fortis, forte}} ('strong, robust')||{{wikt-lang|la|fortior|fortior, fortius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|fortissimus|fortissimus, fortissima, fortissimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|aequalis|aequālis, aequāle}} ('equal, even')||{{wikt-lang|la|aequalior|aequālior, aequālius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|aequalissimus|aequālissimus, aequālissima, aequālissimum}}
|}

==== Comparatives and superlatives of ''-er'' adjectives ====
Adjectives (in the first and second as well as third declensions) that have masculine nominative singular forms ending in ''-er'' are slightly different. As with normal adjectives, the comparative is formed by adding ''-ior'' to the stem, but for the superlative, ''-rimus'' is added to the nominative masculine singular.

{| class="wikitable"
!Positive||Comparative||Superlative
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|pulcher|pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum}} ('pretty, beautiful')||{{wikt-lang|la|pulchrior|pulchrior, pulchrius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|pulcherrimus|pulcherrimus, pulcherrima, pulcherrimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|sacer|sacer, sacra, sacrum}} ('sacred, holy')||{{wikt-lang|la|sacrior|sacrior, sacrius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|sacerrimus|sacerrimus, sacerrima, sacerrimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|tener|tener, tenera, tenerum}} ('delicate, tender')||{{wikt-lang|la|tenerior|tenerior, tenerius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|tenerrimus|tenerrimus, tenerrima, tenerrimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|acer|ācer, ācris, ācre}} ('valliant, fierce')||{{wikt-lang|la|acrior|ācrior, ācrius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|acerrimus|ācerrimus, ācerrima, ācerrimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|celeber, celebris, celebre}} ('celebrated, famous')||{{wikt-lang|la|celebrior|celebrior, celebrius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|celeberrimus|celeberrimus, celeberrima, celeberrimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|celer|celer, celeris, celere}} ('quick, fast')||{{wikt-lang|la|celerior|celerior, celerius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|celerrimus, celerrima, celerrimum}}
|}

==== Comparatives and superlatives of ''-lis'' adjectives ====
Some third declension adjectives with two endings in ''-lis'' in the masculine–feminine nominative singular have irregular superlative forms. The following are the only adjectives that do.

{| class="wikitable"
!Positive||Comparative||Superlative
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|facilis|facilis, facile}} ('easy')||{{wikt-lang|la|facilior|facilior, facilius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|facillimus|facillimus, facillima, facillimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|difficilis|difficilis, difficile}} ('hard, difficult')||{{wikt-lang|la|difficilior|difficilior, difficilius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|difficillimus|difficillimus, difficillima, difficillimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|similis|similis, simile}} ('similar, like'')||{{wikt-lang|la|similior|similior, similius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|simillimus|simillimus, simillima, simillimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|dissimilis|dissimilis, dissimile}} ('unlike, dissimilar')||{{wikt-lang|la|dissimilior|dissimilior, dissimilius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|dissimillimus|dissimillimus, dissimillima, dissimillimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|gracilis|gracilis, gracile}} ('slender, slim')||{{wikt-lang|la|gracilior|gracilior, gracilius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|gracillimus|gracillimus, gracillima, gracillimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|humilis|humilis, humile}} ('low, humble')||{{wikt-lang|la|humilior|humilior, humilius}}||{{wikt-lang|la|humillimus|humillimus, humillima, humillimum}}
|}

==== Comparatives and superlatives of ''-eus/-ius'' adjectives ====
First and second declension adjectives that end in ''-eus'' or ''-ius'' are unusual in that they do not form the comparative and superlative by taking endings at all. Instead, {{wikt-lang|la|magis}} ('more') and {{wikt-lang|la|maximē}} ('most'), the comparative and superlative degrees of {{wikt-lang|la|magnoperē}} ('much, greatly'), respectively, are used.

Many adjectives in ''-uus'', except those in ''-quus'' or ''-guus'', also follow this rule.

{| class="wikitable"
!Positive||Comparative||Superlative
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|idoneus|idōneus, idōnea, idōneum}} ('suitable, fitting, proper')||''magis idōneus''||''maximē idōneus''
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|solitarius|sōlitārius, sōlitāria, sōlitārium}} ('solitary, lonely')||''magis sōlitārius''||''maximē sōlitārius''
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|ebrius|ebrius, ebria, ebrium}} ('drunk')||''magis ebrius''||''maximē ebrius''
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|meritorius|meritōrius, meritōria, meritōrium}} ('meritorious')||''magis meritōrius''||''maximē meritōrius''
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|gramineus|grāmineus, grāminea, grāmineum}} ('grassy')||''magis grāmineus''||''maximē grāmineus''
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|bellatorius|bellātōrius, bellātōria, bellātōrium}} ('warlike, bellicose')||''magis bellātōrius''||''maximē bellātōrius''
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|arduus|arduus, ardua, arduum}} ('lofty, steep')||''magis arduus''||''maximē arduus''
|}

==== Irregular comparatives and superlatives ====
As in most languages, Latin has adjectives that have irregular comparatives and superlatives.

{| class="wikitable"
!Positive||Comparative||Superlative
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|bonus|bonus, bona, bonum}} ('good')||{{wikt-lang|la|melior|melior, melius}} ('better')||{{wikt-lang|la|optimus|optimus, optima, optimum}} ('best')
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|malus|malus, mala, malum}} ('bad, evil')||{{wikt-lang|la|peior|pēior, pēius}} ('worse')||{{wikt-lang|la|pessimus|pessimus, pessima, pessimum}} ('worst')
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|magnus|magnus, magna, magnum}} ('great, large')||{{wikt-lang|la|maior|māior, māius}} ('greater')||{{wikt-lang|la|maximus|maximus, maxima, maximum}} ('greatest')
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|parvus|parvus, parva, parvum}} ('small, slight')||{{wikt-lang|la|minor|minor, minus}} ('lesser')||{{wikt-lang|la|minimus|minimus, minima, minimum}} ('least')
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|multus|multus, multa, multum}} ('much, many')||{{wikt-lang|la|plūs}}{{efn-lr|Noun used with genitive to express more of something in the singular; in the plural used as an adjective: {{wikt-lang|la|plures|plūrēs, plūra}}, genitive ''plūrium''.}} ('more')||{{wikt-lang|la|plurimus|plūrimus, plūrima, plūrimum}} ('most')
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|propinquus|propinquus, propinqua, propinquum}} ('near, close')||{{wikt-lang|la|propior|propior, propius}} ('nearer')||{{wikt-lang|la|proximus|proximus, proxima, proximum}} ('nearest, next')
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|maturus|mātūrus, mātūra, mātūrum}} ('ripe, mature')||{{wikt-lang|la|maturior|mātūrior, mātūrius}} ('riper')||{{wikt-lang|la|maturrimus|mātūrrimus, mātūrrima, mātūrrimum}}{{efn-lr|Often replaced by the regular form {{wikt-lang|la|maturissimus|mātūrissimus, mātūrissima, mātūrissimum}}.}} ('ripest')
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|nēquam}}{{efn-lr|Indeclinable.}} ('worthless')||{{wikt-lang|la|nequior|nēquior, nēquius}} ('more worthless')||{{wikt-lang|la|nequissimus|nēquissimus, nēquissima, nēquissimum}} ('most worthless')
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|posterus|posterus, postera, posterum}} ('next, future')||{{wikt-lang|la|posterior|posterior, posterius}} ('later')||{{wikt-lang|la|postremus|postrēmus, postrēma, postrēmum}} ('last, latest')<br> {{wikt-lang|la|postumus|postumus, postuma, postumum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|superus|superus, supera, superum}} ('above')||{{wikt-lang|la|superior|superior, superius}} ('upper')||{{wikt-lang|la|supremus|suprēmus, suprēma, suprēmum}} ('uppermost') <br> {{wikt-lang|la|summus|summus, summa, summum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|exterus|exterus, extera, exterum}} ('outward')||{{wikt-lang|la|exterior|exterior, exterius}} ('outer')||{{wikt-lang|la|extremus|extrēmus, extrēma, extrēmum}} ('outermost') <br> {{wikt-lang|la|extimus|extimus, extima, extimum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|inferus|īnferus, īnfera, īnferum}} ('below')||{{wikt-lang|la|inferior|īnferior, īnferius}} ('lower')||{{wikt-lang|la|infimus|īnfimus, īnfima, īnfimum}} ('lowest') <br> {{wikt-lang|la|imus|īmus, īma, īmum}}
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|senex|senex, senis}} ('old, aged')||{{wikt-lang|la|senior|senior}} ('older, elder')|| {{wikt-lang|la|maximus nātū, maxima nātū}} ('oldest, eldest')
|-
|{{wikt-lang|la|iuvenis|iuvenis, iuvenis}} ('young, youthful')||{{wikt-lang|la|iuvenior|iuvenior}} ('younger') <br> {{wikt-lang|la|iunior|iūnior}}|| {{wikt-lang|la|minimus nātū, minima nātū}} ('youngest'){{efn-lr|Sometimes {{lang|la|iunissimus}} is found in medieval Latin, e.g. Callistus Nicephorus, {{lang|la|Ecclesiastica Historia}}, 1574.}}
|}
{{notelist-lr}}

=== Declension of numerals ===
{{see also|Roman numerals|Latin numerals (linguistics)}}

There are several different kinds of numeral words in Latin: the two most common are cardinal numerals and ordinal numerals. There are also several more rare numerals, e.g., distributive numerals and adverbial numerals.

==== Cardinal numerals ====
All cardinal numerals are indeclinable, except {{wikt-lang|la|ūnus}} ('one'), {{wikt-lang|la|duo}} ('two'), {{wikt-lang|la|trēs}} ('three'), plural hundreds {{wikt-lang|la|ducentī}} ('two hundred'), {{wikt-lang|la|trecentī}} ('three hundred') etc., and {{wikt-lang|la|mīlle}} ('thousand'), which have cases and genders like adjectives. {{wikt-lang|la|unus|Ūnus, ūna, ūnum}} is declined like a first- and second-declension pronoun with ''-īus'' or ''-ius'' in the genitive, and ''-ī'' in the dative. {{wikt-lang|la|duo|Duo}} is declined irregularly, {{wikt-lang|la|trēs}} is declined like a third-declension plural adjective, ''-centī'' ('hundred') numerals decline like first- and second-declension adjectives, and {{wikt-lang|la|mīlle}} is invariable in the singular and declined like a third-declension ''i''-stem neuter noun in the plural:

The plural endings for ''ūnus'' are used with ''plūrālia tantum'' nouns, e. g. ''ūna castra'' (one [military] camp), ''ūnae scālae'' (one ladder).
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" | {{wikt-lang|la|unus|ūnus, ūna, ūnum}}<br />one
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative
| ūnus || rowspan="2" | ūna || rowspan="3" | ūnum || rowspan="2" | ūnī || rowspan="2" | ūnae || rowspan="3" | ūna
|-
! Vocative
| ūne
|-
! Accusative
| ūnum || ūnam || ūnōs || ūnās
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="3" | ūnīus / ūnius || ūnōrum || ūnārum || ūnōrum
|-
! Dative
| colspan="3" | ūnī || rowspan="2" colspan="3" | ūnīs
|-
! Ablative
| ūnō || ūnā || ūnō
|}

The word {{wikt-lang|la|ambō}} ('both'), is declined like ''duo'' except that its ''o'' is long. Both declensions derive from the Indo-European [[Dual (grammatical number)|dual number]], otherwise defunct in Latin, rather than the plural.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan="3" | ||colspan="3"| {{wikt-lang|la|duo|duo, duae, duo}}<br />two
|-
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine || Feminine || Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
|duo ||duae || rowspan="2" | duo
|-
! Accusative
| duō(s)|| duās
|-
! Genitive
| duōrum || duārum || duōrum
|-
! Dative, Ablative
|duōbus ||duābus ||duōbus
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="3" | ||colspan="3"| {{wikt-lang|la|ambō|ambō, ambae, ambō}}<br />both
|-
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine || Feminine || Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
| ambō || ambae || rowspan="2" | ambō
|-
! Accusative
| ambō(s)|| ambās
|-
! Genitive
| ambōrum || ambārum || ambōrum
|-
! Dative, Ablative
|ambōbus ||ambābus ||ambōbus
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" | || colspan="2" | {{wikt-lang|la|tres|trēs, tria}}<br />three
|-
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine, Feminine || Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
|trēs || rowspan="2" | tria
|-
! Accusative
|trēs / trīs
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="2" | trium
|-
! Dative, Ablative
| colspan="2" | tribus
|}

The numeral {{wikt-lang|la|centum}} ('one hundred') is indeclinable, but all the other hundred numerals are declinable ({{wikt-lang|la|ducentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|trecentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|quadringentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|quīngentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|sescentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|septingentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|octingentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|nōngentī}}).

{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="3" | ||colspan="3"| {{wikt-lang|la|ducenti|ducentī, ducentae, ducenta}}<br />two hundred
|-
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine || Feminine || Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
|ducentī ||ducentae || rowspan="2" | ducenta
|-
! Accusative
| ducentōs || ducentās
|-
! Genitive
| ducentōrum || ducentārum || ducentōrum
|-
! Dative, Ablative
| colspan="3" | ducentīs
|}

The word ''mīlle'' 'thousand' is a singular indeclinable adjective. However, its plural, ''mīlia'', is a plural third-declension ''i''-stem neuter noun. To write the phrase "four thousand horses" in Latin, the genitive is used: ''quattuor mīlia equōrum'', literally, "four thousands of horses".

{| class="wikitable"
!
! {{wikt-lang|la|mīlle}}<br />(one) thousand
! colspan="2" | {{wikt-lang|la|mīlia, mīlium}}<br />x thousand,<br />thousands
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
| rowspan="4" | mīlle || rowspan="2" | mīl(l)ia || rowspan="2" | '''-ia'''
|-
! Accusative
|-
! Genitive
| mīl(l)ium || '''-ium'''
|-
! Dative, Ablative
| mīl(l)ibus ||'''-ibus'''
|}

The rest of the numbers are indeclinable whether used as adjectives or as nouns.

For further information on the different sets of Latin numerals, see [[Latin numerals (linguistics)]].