Editing Islamism (section)

====Sayyid Rashid Rida====
{{See also|Rashid Rida#Islamic Political Theory|The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate (book)|label 1=Islamic Political Doctrines of Rashid Rida}}
[[File:RashidRida2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Rashid Rida|Sayyid Muhammad Rashid Rida]] ({{langx|ar|سيد رشيد رضا}}; 23 September 1865 – 22 August 1935).]]

Syrian-Egyptian Islamic cleric Muhammad Rashid Rida was one of the earliest 20th-century Sunni scholars to articulate the modern concept of an [[Islamic state]], influencing the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] and other Sunni Islamist movements. In his influential book ''al-Khilafa aw al-Imama al-'Uzma'' ("''The Caliphate or the Grand Imamate''"); Rida explained that that societies that properly obeyed ''[[Sharia]]'' would be successful alternatives to the disorder and injustice of both [[capitalism]] and [[socialism]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|last=McHugo|first=John|title=A Concise History of the Arabs|publisher=The New Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1-59558-950-7|location=New York, N.Y. |page=287}}</ref>

This society would be ruled by a Caliphate; the ruling [[Caliph]] (''Khalifa'') governing through ''[[shura]]'' (consultation), and applying [[Sharia]] (Islamic laws) in partnership with Islamic juristic clergy, who would use ''Ijtihad'' to update ''[[fiqh]]'' by evaluating scripture.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Enayat|first=Hamid|title=Modern Islamic Political Thought: The Response of the Shi'i and SunnI Muslims to the Twentieth Century|publisher=The Macmillan Press Ltd|year=1982|isbn=978-0-333-27969-4|location=London|pages=69, 77}}</ref> With the ''[[Caliphate|Khilafa]]'' providing true Islamic governance, Islamic civilization would be revitalised, the political and legal independence of the Muslim ''umma'' (community of Muslim believers) would be restored, and the heretical influences of Sufism would be cleansed from Islam.<ref>{{Cite book|last=C. Martin|first=Richard|title=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World, Second Edition|publisher=Gale Publishers|year=2016|isbn=978-0-02-866269-5|location=Farmington Hills, Michigan|page=1088|chapter=State and Government}}</ref> This doctrine would become the blueprint of future Islamist movements.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Li|first=Ruiheng|year=2016|title=A Preliminary Study on the "Islamic State" Thought in Modern Islamism|journal=Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (In Asia)|publisher=Routledge: Taylor & Francis group|volume=10|issue=4|page=27|doi=10.1080/19370679.2016.12023291|doi-access=free}}</ref>