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==Notable alumni== {{main|List of Heidelberg University people}} <gallery widths="160" heights="160"> File:Pintoricchio_014.jpg| [[Pope Pius II]] File:Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel00.jpg| [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] File:Robert Schumann 1839.jpg | [[Robert Schumann]] File:Dmitri_Ivanowitsh_Mendeleev.jpg| [[Dmitri Mendeleev]] File:Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach.jpg | [[Ludwig Feuerbach]] File:Max Weber, 1918.jpg| [[Max Weber]] File:Hirata Tosuke (cropped).jpg| [[Hirata Tosuke]] File:Carl Spitteler 1919.jpg | [[Carl Spitteler]] File:Arnold_J._Toynbee_Anefo.jpg| [[Arnold J. Toynbee]] File:Alfred_Wegener_ca.1924-30.jpg| [[Alfred Wegener]] File: Hannah Arendt 1933.jpg | [[Hannah Arendt]] File:Maugham retouched.jpg| [[W. Somerset Maugham]] File:Helmut Kohl (1996) cropped.jpg| [[Helmut Kohl]] </gallery> Alumni and faculty of the university include many founders and pioneers of [[academic discipline]]s, and a large number of internationally acclaimed philosophers, poets, [[jurisprudence|jurisprudents]], theologians, [[natural science|natural]] and [[social science|social scientists]]. 33 Nobel Laureates, at least 18 [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize|Leibniz laureates]], and two [[Academy Award|"Oscar" winners]] have been associated with Heidelberg University. Nine [[Nobel laureates]] received the award during their tenure at Heidelberg.<ref name="Nobel"/> Besides several [[Minister (government)|federal ministers of Germany]] and prime ministers of [[States of Germany|German states]], five [[List of chancellors of Germany|chancellors of Germany]] have attended the university, the latest being [[Helmut Kohl]], the "Chancellor of the Reunification". [[Head of state|Heads of state]] or [[Head of Government|government]] of Belgium, [[Bulgaria]], Greece, [[Nicaragua]], [[Serbia]], [[Thailand]], a British [[heir apparent]], a [[secretary general of NATO]] and a director of the [[International Peace Bureau]] have also been educated at Heidelberg; among them [[Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Peace laureates]] [[Charles Albert Gobat]] and [[Auguste Beernaert]]. Former university affiliates in the field of religion include [[Pope Pius II]], [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]], bishops, and with [[Philipp Melanchthon]] and [[Zacharias Ursinus]], two key leaders of the [[Protestant Reformation]]. Outstanding university affiliates in the legal profession include a president of the [[International Court of Justice]], two presidents of the [[European Court of Human Rights]], a president of the [[International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea]], a vice president of the [[International Criminal Court]], an [[advocate general]] at the [[European Court of Justice]], at least 16 [[Justice (official)|justices]] of the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]], a president of the [[Federal Court of Justice of Germany|Federal Court of Justice]], a president of the [[Federal Finance Court of Germany|Federal Court of Finance]], a president of the [[Federal Labor Court of Germany|Federal Labor Court]], two [[Attorney General of Germany|attorneys general of Germany]], and a British [[law lord]]. In business, Heidelberg alumni and faculty notably founded, co-founded or presided over [[ABB]]; [[Astor family|Astor corporate enterprises]]; [[BASF]]; [[Confederation of German Employers' Associations|BDA]]; [[Daimler AG]]; [[Deutsche Bank]]; [[EADS]]; [[Krupp AG]]; [[Siemens]] and [[Thyssen AG]]. Alumni in the field of arts include classical composer [[Robert Schumann]], philosophers [[Ludwig Feuerbach]] and [[Edmund Montgomery]], poet [[Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff]] and writers [[Christian Friedrich Hebbel]], [[Gottfried Keller]], [[Irene Frisch]], [[Heinrich Hoffmann (author)|Heinrich Hoffmann]], [[Sir Muhammad Iqbal]], National Hero of the Philippines [[José Rizal]], [[W. Somerset Maugham]], [[Jean Paul]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature Nobel laureate]] [[Carl Spitteler]], and novelist [[Jagoda Marinić]]. Amongst Heidelberg alumni in other disciplines are the "Father of Psychology" [[Wilhelm Wundt]], the "Father of Physical Chemistry" [[J. Willard Gibbs]], the "Father of American Anthropology" [[Franz Boas]], [[Dmitri Mendeleev]], who created the [[periodic table]] of elements, inventor of the [[Dandy horse|two-wheeler principle]] [[Karl Drais]], [[Alfred Wegener]], who discovered the [[continental drift]], as well as political theorist [[Hannah Arendt]], gender theorist [[Judith Butler]], political scientist [[Carl Joachim Friedrich]], and sociologists [[Karl Mannheim]], [[Robert E. Park]] and [[Talcott Parsons]]. Philosophers [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]], [[Karl Jaspers]], [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]], and [[Jürgen Habermas]] served as university professors, as did also the pioneering scientists [[Hermann von Helmholtz]], [[Robert Wilhelm Bunsen]], [[Gustav Robert Kirchhoff]], [[Emil Kraepelin]], the founder of scientific psychiatry, and outstanding social scientists such as [[Max Weber]], the founding father of modern sociology. Present faculty include [[List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine Nobel Laureates]] [[Bert Sakmann]] (1991) and [[Harald zur Hausen]] (2008), [[List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry|Chemistry Nobel Laureate]] [[Stefan Hell]] (2014), seven Leibniz laureates, former justice of the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]] [[Paul Kirchhof]], and [[Rüdiger Wolfrum]], the former president of the [[International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea]].
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