Editing Hawaii (section)

==Culture==
{{Main|Culture of the Native Hawaiians}}

The aboriginal culture of Hawaii is Polynesian. Hawaii represents the northernmost extension of the vast [[Polynesian Triangle]] of the south and central Pacific Ocean. While traditional Hawaiian culture remains as vestiges in modern Hawaiian society, there are re-enactments of the ceremonies and traditions throughout the islands. Some of these cultural influences, including the popularity (in greatly modified form) of ''[[luau|lū{{okina}}au]]'' and ''[[hula]]'', are strong enough to affect the wider United States.

===Cuisine===
{{Main|Cuisine of Hawaii}}
[[File:Man with a Yoke Carrying Taro by Joseph Strong, oil on canvas board, 1880, Honolulu Museum of Art, accession 12692.1.JPG|thumb|upright|alt=A painting of a man carrying taro by a yoke.|[[Taro]], or in Hawaiian ''kalo'', was one of the primary staples in Ancient Hawaii and remains a central ingredient in Hawaiian gastronomy today.]]

The [[cuisine of Hawaii]] is a fusion of many foods brought by immigrants to the Hawaiian Islands, including the earliest Polynesians and [[Native Hawaiian cuisine]], and [[Cuisine of the United States|American]], [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]], [[Philippine cuisine|Filipino]], [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]], [[Korean cuisine|Korean]], [[Polynesian cuisine|Polynesian]], [[Puerto Rican cuisine|Puerto Rican]], and [[Portuguese cuisine|Portuguese]] origins. Plant and animal food sources are imported from around the world for agricultural use in Hawaii. ''[[Poi (food)|Poi]]'', a starch made by pounding [[taro]], is one of the traditional foods of the islands. Many local restaurants serve the ubiquitous [[plate lunch]], which features two scoops of rice, a simplified version of American [[macaroni salad]] and a variety of toppings including [[hamburger]] patties, a fried egg, and [[gravy]] of a ''[[loco moco]]'', Japanese style ''[[tonkatsu]]'' or the traditional lū{{okina}}au favorites, including ''[[kalua|kālua]]'' pork and ''[[laulau]]''. ''[[Spam musubi]]'' is an example of the fusion of ethnic cuisine that developed on the islands among the mix of immigrant groups and military personnel. In the 1990s, a group of chefs developed [[Hawaii regional cuisine]] as a contemporary fusion cuisine.

===Customs and etiquette===
{{Main|Customs and etiquette in Hawaii}}

Some key customs and etiquette in Hawaii are as follows: when visiting a home, it is considered good manners to bring a small gift for one's host (for example, a dessert). Thus, parties are usually in the form of potlucks. Most locals take their shoes off before entering a home. It is customary for Hawaiian families, regardless of ethnicity, to hold a luau to celebrate a child's first birthday. It is also customary at Hawaiian weddings, especially at Filipino weddings, for the bride and groom to do a money dance (also called the [[pandanggo]]). Print media and local residents recommend that one refer to residents of Hawaii who are not ethnically Hawaiian as "locals of Hawaii" or "people of Hawaii".

===Hawaiian mythology===
{{Main|Hawaiian mythology}}
[[File:Ethnologisches Museum Dahlem Berlin Mai 2006 009.jpg|thumb|upright|A stone carving of a Hawaiian deity, housed at a [[Culture of Germany|German]] museum]]

Hawaiian mythology includes the legends, historical tales, and sayings of the ancient Hawaiian people. It is considered a variant of a more general [[Polynesian mythology]] that developed a unique character for several centuries before {{circa|1800}}. It is associated with the [[Hawaiian religion]], which was officially suppressed in the 19th century but was kept alive by some practitioners to the modern day.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.civilbeat.org/2021/06/peter-apo-how-a-violent-battle-in-1819-still-impacts-hawaii-today/ |title=Peter Apo: How A Violent Battle In 1819 Still Impacts Hawaii Today |publisher=Honolulu Civil Beat |date=27 June 2021 |access-date=26 June 2022}}</ref> Prominent figures and terms include [[Aumakua]], the spirit of an ancestor or family god and [[Kāne]], the highest of the four major Hawaiian deities.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

===Polynesian mythology===
{{Main|Polynesian mythology}}
[[File:Tahiti-Oro.jpg|thumb|upright|A sacred god figure wrapping for the war god [['Oro]], made of woven dried coconut fibre ([[sennit]]), made to protect a Polynesian god effigy (''to'o''), carved from wood]]

Polynesian mythology is the [[oral tradition]]s of the people of Polynesia, a grouping of Central and South Pacific Ocean island [[archipelago]]s in the [[Polynesian triangle]] together with the scattered cultures known as the [[Polynesian outliers]]. Polynesians speak languages that descend from a language reconstructed as [[Proto-Polynesian language|Proto-Polynesian]] that was probably spoken in the area around [[Tonga]] and [[Samoa]] in around 1000 BC.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kirch |first=Patrick Vinton |url=https://archive.org/details/hawaikiancestral0000kirc/page/99/mode/2up |title=Hawaiki, Ancestral Polynesia: An Essay in Historical Anthropology |author2=Roger Green |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-78309-5 |pages=99–119 |url-access=registration}}</ref>

Prior to the 15th century, [[Polynesian culture|Polynesian people]] migrated east to the [[Cook Islands]], and from there to other island groups such as Tahiti and the [[Marquesas]]. Their descendants later discovered the islands [[Tahiti]], [[Rapa Nui]], and later the Hawaiian Islands and [[New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wilmshurst|first=Janet|author-link=Janet Wilmshurst|date=December 27, 2010|title=High-precision radiocarbon dating shows recent and rapid initial human colonization of East Polynesia|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|publisher=US National Library of Medicine|volume=108|issue=5|pages=1815–1820|doi=10.1073/pnas.1015876108|pmc=3033267|pmid=21187404|bibcode=2011PNAS..108.1815W |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The Polynesian languages are part of the [[Austronesian language family]]. Many are close enough in terms of vocabulary and grammar to be [[mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]]. There are also substantial cultural similarities between the various groups, especially in terms of social organization, childrearing, horticulture, building and textile technologies. Their mythologies in particular demonstrate local reworkings of commonly shared tales. The Polynesian cultures each have distinct but related oral traditions; legends or myths are traditionally considered to recount ancient history (the time of "pō") and the adventures of gods ("[[atua]]") and deified ancestors.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

===List of state parks===
{{Main|List of Hawaiian state parks}}

There are [[list of Hawaiian state parks|many Hawaiian state parks]].
*The [[Hawaii (island)|Island of Hawai{{okina}}i]] has state parks, recreation areas, and historical parks.
*[[Kauai|Kaua{{okina}}i]] has the Ahukini State Recreation Pier, six state parks, and the [[Russian Fort Elizabeth State Historical Park]].
*[[Maui]] has two state monuments, several state parks, and the [[Polipoli Spring State Recreation Area]]. [[Moloka'i]] has the [[Pala'au State Park]].
*[[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]] has several state parks, a number of state recreation areas, and a number of monuments, including the [[Ulu Pō Heiau State Monument]].

===Literature===
{{Main|Literature in Hawaii}}

The literature of Hawaii is diverse and includes authors [[Kiana Davenport]], [[Lois-Ann Yamanaka]], and [[Kaui Hart Hemmings]]. Hawaiian magazines include ''[[Hana Hou!]]'', ''[[Hawaii Business]]'' and ''[[Honolulu (magazine)|Honolulu]]'', among others.

===Music===
{{Main|Music of Hawaii}}
[[File:3 ukes.jpg|thumb|left|Different types of [[ukulele]]s, widely used in Hawaiian music]]
[[File:Bonnaroo08 jackjohnson2 lg.jpg|thumb|[[Jack Johnson (musician)|Jack Johnson]], a folk rock musician, was born and raised on [[North Shore (Oahu)|Oahu's North Shore]].]]

The music of Hawaii includes traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and [[hip hop music|hip hop]].

Styles such as [[slack-key guitar]] are well known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] soundtracks. Hawaii also made a major contribution to [[country music]] with the introduction of the [[steel guitar]].<ref name="Unterberger">{{cite book|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|title=Music USA|isbn=978-1-85828-421-7|location=London|publisher=Rough Guides|year=1999|pages=[https://archive.org/details/musicusaroughgui0000unte/page/465 465–473]|url=https://archive.org/details/musicusaroughgui0000unte/page/465}}</ref>

Traditional Hawaiian folk music is a major part of the state's musical heritage. The Hawaiian people have inhabited the islands for centuries and have retained much of their traditional musical knowledge. Their music is largely religious in nature, and includes chanting and dance music.

Hawaiian music has had an enormous impact on the [[Polynesian music|music of other Polynesian islands]]; according to Peter Manuel, the influence of Hawaiian music is a "unifying factor in the development of modern Pacific musics".<ref name="Manuel">{{cite book|last=Manuel|first=Peter|title=Popular Musics of the Non-Western World|url=https://archive.org/details/popularmusicsofn0000manu|url-access=registration|isbn=978-0-19-506334-9|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1988|pages=[https://archive.org/details/popularmusicsofn0000manu/page/236 236–241]}}</ref> Native Hawaiian musician and Hawaiian sovereignty activist [[Israel Kamakawiwoʻole]], famous for his medley of "[[Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World]]", was named "The Voice of Hawaii" by [[NPR]] in 2010 in its 50 great voices series.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamakawiwo|first=Israel|publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2010/12/06/131812500/israel-kamakawiwo-ole-the-voice-of-hawaii|title=Israel Kamakawiwo'ole: The Voice Of Hawaii|newspaper=NPR.org|date=December 6, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416062754/http://www.npr.org/2010/12/06/131812500/israel-kamakawiwo-ole-the-voice-of-hawaii|archive-date=April 16, 2017|url-status=live|access-date=April 16, 2017}}</ref>

===Sports===
Due to its distance from the continental United States, team sports in Hawaii are characterised by youth, collegial and amateur teams over professional teams, although some professional teams sports teams have at one time played in the state. Notable professional teams include [[The Hawaiians (WFL)|The Hawaiians]], which played at the [[World Football League]] in 1974 and 1975; the [[Hawaii Islanders]], a Triple-A minor league baseball team that played at the [[Pacific Coast League]] from 1961 to 1987; and [[Team Hawaii]], a [[North American Soccer League (1968–84)|North American Soccer League]] team that played in 1977.

Notable college sports events in Hawaii include the [[Maui Invitational Tournament]], [[Diamond Head Classic]] (basketball) and [[Hawaii Bowl]] (football). The only [[NCAA Division I]] team in Hawaii is the [[Hawaii Rainbow Warriors and Rainbow Wahine]], which competes at the [[Big West Conference]] (major sports), [[Mountain West Conference]] (football) and [[Mountain Pacific Sports Federation]] (minor sports). There are three teams in NCAA Division II: [[Chaminade Silverswords]], [[Hawaii Pacific Sharks]] and Hawaii-Hilo Vulcans, all of which compete at the [[Pacific West Conference]].

[[File:Surfing contest - oahu hawaii - north shore - oct 2015.ogv|thumb|thumbtime=6|right|Surfing at [[North Shore (Oahu)|North Shore]] of [[Oahu]]]]

[[Surfing]] has been a central part of [[Polynesian culture]] for centuries. Since the late 19th century, Hawaii has become a major site for surfists from around the world. Notable competitions include the [[Triple Crown of Surfing]] and [[The Eddie]]. Likewise, Hawaii has produced elite-level swimmers, including five-time Olympic medalist [[Duke Kahanamoku]] and [[Buster Crabbe]], who set 16 swimming
world records.

Hawaii has hosted the [[Sony Open in Hawaii]] golf tournament since 1965, the [[Tournament of Champions (golf)|Tournament of Champions]] golf tournament since 1999, the [[Lotte Championship]] golf tournament since 2012, the [[Honolulu Marathon]] since 1973, the [[Ironman World Championship]] triathlon race since 1978, the [[Ultraman (endurance challenge)|Ultraman]] triathlon since 1983, the [[National Football League]]'s [[Pro Bowl]] from 1980 to 2016, the [[2000 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships]], and the [[2008 Pan-Pacific Championship]] and [[2012 Hawaiian Islands Invitational]] soccer tournaments.

Hawaii has produced a number of notable [[Mixed Martial Arts]] fighters, such as former [[UFC Lightweight Champion]] and [[UFC Welterweight Champion]] [[B.J. Penn]], and former [[UFC Featherweight Champion]] [[Max Holloway]]. Other notable Hawaiian Martial Artists include [[Travis Browne]], [[K. J. Noons]], [[Brad Tavares]] and [[Wesley Correira]].

Hawaiians have found success in the world of [[sumo wrestling]]. [[Takamiyama Daigorō]] was the first foreigner to ever win a sumo title in Japan, while his protege [[Akebono Tarō]] became a top-level sumo wrestler in Japan during the 1990s before transitioning into a successful [[professional wrestling]] career in the 2000s. Akebono was the first foreign-born Sumo to reach [[Yokozuna]] in history and helped fuel a boom in interest in Sumo during his career.