Editing Goguryeo (section)

==Controversies==
{{Main|Goguryeo controversies}}

Goguryeo was viewed as a Korean kingdom in premodern China,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Byington |first1=Mark |title=The War of Words Between South Korea and China Over An Ancient Kingdom: Why Both Sides Are Misguided |url=https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/7077 |website=History News Network |publisher=Columbian College of Arts & Sciences |access-date=29 May 2019 |quote=Surrounding states, both in the Chinese mainland and in the Japanese archipelago, acknowledged that Koguryo was a state whose heritage belonged to the later peninsular states of Koryo (918–1392) and Choson (1392–1910).}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Han |first1=Myung-gi |title=Korean and Chinese Intellectuals' recognitions of Koguryo in Choson dynasty |journal=Korean Culture |date=2006 |volume=38 |pages=337–366 |url=https://s-space.snu.ac.kr/handle/10371/66808 |publisher=Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies |language=ko |issn=1226-8356}}</ref> but in modern times, there is a dispute between China and Korea over whether Goguryeo can be considered part of Chinese history or if it is part of Korean history.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bae |first1=Young-dae |last2=Lee |first2=Min-a |title=Korea finds some allies in Goguryeo history spat |url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2004/09/16/socialAffairs/Korea-finds-some-allies-in-Goguryeo-history-spat/2470382.html |work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]] |date=September 16, 2004}}</ref><ref name="atimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/FI11Dg03.html|title=Asia Times – News and analysis from Korea; North and South|website=www.atimes.com|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203014606/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/FI11Dg03.html|archive-date=2012-02-03}}</ref><!--
--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=108&oid=040&aid=0000014982|script-title=ko:네이버 뉴스|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185753/https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=108&oid=040&aid=0000014982|archive-date=2013-10-29}}</ref>

In 2002, Chinese government started a five-year [[Northeast Project (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)|research project]] on the history and current situation of the frontiers of Northeast China which lasted from 2002 to 2007.<ref>[http://bjzx.cass.cn/news/129976.htm "Brief introduction to the Northeast Project"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811041202/http://bjzx.cass.cn/news/129976.htm |date=2012-08-11 }} {{in lang|zh}}, Research Center for Chinese Borderland History and Geography (中国边疆史地研究中心), [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (retrieved on 11 January 2013).</ref> It was launched by the [[Chinese Academy of Social Science]] (CASS) and received financial support from both the Chinese government and the CASS.

The stated purpose of the Northeast Project was to use authoritative academic research to restore historical facts and protect the stability of Northeast China—a region sometimes known as [[Manchuria]]—in the context of the strategic changes that have taken place in [[Northeast Asia]] since China's "[[Reform and Opening]]" started in 1978.<ref>{{harvnb|Yoon|2004|p=108}}.</ref> Two of the project's leaders accused some foreign scholars and institutions of rewriting history to demand territory from China or to promote instability in the frontier regions, hence the necessity of the Project.<ref>{{harvnb|Yoon|2004|pp=108–109}}, citing two of the Northeast Project's programmatic statements.</ref>

The Project has been criticized for applying the contemporary vision of China as a "[[Zhonghua minzu|unified multiethnic state]]" to ancient ethnic groups, states and history of the region of [[Manchuria]] and northern [[Korea]].<ref name="Yoon 2004 p">{{harvnb|Yoon|2004|p=}}{{page needed|date=January 2013}}; {{harvnb|Mohan|2011|p=}}{{page needed|date=January 2013}}.</ref> According to this idea, there was a greater Chinese state in the ancient past.<ref name="Yoon 2004 p"/> Accordingly, any pre-modern people or state that occupied any part of what is now the People's Republic of China is defined as having been part of Chinese history.<ref>{{harvnb|Yoon|2004|p=103}}.</ref> Similar projects have been conducted on [[Inner Mongolia]], [[Tibet]] and [[Xinjiang]], which have been named [[North Project]], [[Southwest Project]] and [[Xinjiang Project]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://article.joins.com/article/article.asp?Total_ID=2447385| title = How was the "Southwest Project" that preceded the Chinese Northeast Project? 중국 동북공정에 앞서 '서남공정'은 어떻게| access-date = 2007-04-20| date = 2006-09-14| publisher = [[Joongang Daily]]| language = ko| archive-date = 2007-11-28| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071128042841/http://article.joins.com/article/article.asp?Total_ID=2447385| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:北部边疆历史与现状综合研究项目 |trans-title=Comprehensive research project on the history and current situation of the northern frontier |url=http://www.nmgass.com.cn/content.html?id=3165 |website=inner mongolia academy of social science }}</ref>

Due to its claims on [[Gojoseon]], Goguryeo and [[Balhae]], the project sparked disputes with Korea.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200609/200609050028.html| title = China Co-Opts More Old Korean Kingdoms| access-date = 2007-05-30| date = 2006-09-06| newspaper = [[The Chosun Ilbo]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071128011146/http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200609/200609050028.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-11-28}}</ref> In 2004, this dispute threatened to lead to diplomatic disputes between the People's Republic of China and South Korea, although all governments involved seem to exhibit no desire to see the issue damage relations.<ref>{{cite news | first = Hyun-jin | last = Seo | title = Skepticism Lingers over History Issue | url = http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/skepticism-lingers-over-history-issue | format = Reprint | work = [[The Korea Herald]]
 | date = 2004-08-24 | access-date = 2012-01-08 }}</ref>

In 2004, the Chinese government made a diplomatic compromise, pledging not to place claims to the history of Goguryeo in its history textbooks.<ref>{{cite news 
 | first = Hyun-jin
 | last = Seo
 | title = Skepticism Lingers over History Issue
 | url = http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/skepticism-lingers-over-history-issue
 | format = Reprint
 | work = [[The Korea Herald]]
 | date = 2004-08-24
 | access-date = 2012-01-08
 }}</ref><ref name="Chen">{{cite journal|title=Domestic Politics, National Identity, and International Conflict: the case of the Koguryo controversy|first=Dingding|last=Chen|date=February 2012|journal=Journal of Contemporary China|volume=21|issue=74|pages=227–241|doi=10.1080/10670564.2012.635928|s2cid=145079682}}</ref> However, online discussion regarding this topic among the general public has since increased. The Internet has provided a platform for a broadening participation in the discussion of Goguryeo in both South Korea and China. Thomas Chase points out that despite the growing online discussion on this subject, this has not led to a more objective treatment of this history, nor a more critical evaluation of its relationship to [[national identity]].<ref>{{cite journal
 |last       = Chase
 |first      = Thomas
 |title      = Nationalism on the Net: Online discussion of Goguryeo history in China and South Korea
 |journal    = China Information
 |year       = 2011
 |volume     = 25
 |issue      = 1
 |pages      = 61–82
 |doi = 10.1177/0920203X10394111
 |s2cid = 143964634
 |url        = http://cin.sagepub.com/content/25/1/61.full.pdf+html
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513071625/http://cin.sagepub.com/content/25/1/61.full.pdf+html
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-date = 2012-05-13
 |access-date = 2012-08-23
}}</ref>