Editing Glucose (section)

====Amperometric glucose sensor====
The electroanalysis of glucose is also based on the enzymatic reaction mentioned above. The produced hydrogen peroxide can be amperometrically quantified by anodic oxidation at a potential of 600 mV.<ref>{{Cite journal |pmid=18154363 |year=2008 |last1=Wang |first1=J. |title=Electrochemical glucose biosensors |journal=Chemical Reviews |volume=108 |issue=2 |pages=814–825 |doi=10.1021/cr068123a}}.</ref> The GOx is immobilized on the electrode surface or in a membrane placed close to the electrode. Precious metals such as platinum or gold are used in electrodes, as well as carbon nanotube electrodes, which e.g. are doped with boron.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.talanta.2008.04.023 |pmid=18656655 |year=2008 |last1=Chen |first1=X. |title=Amperometric glucose biosensor based on boron-doped carbon nanotubes modified electrode |journal=Talanta |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=763–767 |last2=Chen |first2=J. |last3=Deng |first3=C. |last4=Xiao |first4=C. |last5=Yang |first5=Y. |last6=Nie |first6=Z. |last7=Yao |first7=S.}}</ref> Cu–CuO nanowires are also used as enzyme-free amperometric electrodes, reaching a detection limit of 50&nbsp;μmol/L.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1007/s00604-009-0260-1 |title=Enzyme-free amperometric sensing of glucose using Cu-CuO nanowire composites |journal=Microchimica Acta |volume=168 |issue=1–2 |pages=87–92 |year=2010 |last1=Wang |first1=Guangfeng |last2=Wei |first2=Yan |last3=Zhang |first3=Wei |last4=Zhang |first4=Xiaojun |last5=Fang |first5=Bin |last6=Wang |first6=Lun |s2cid=98567636 }}</ref> A particularly promising method is the so-called "enzyme wiring", where the electron flowing during the oxidation is transferred via a molecular wire directly from the enzyme to the electrode.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1021/ac00087a008 |pmid=8092486 |year=1994 |last1=Ohara |first1=T. J. |title="Wired" enzyme electrodes for amperometric determination of glucose or lactate in the presence of interfering substances |journal=Analytical Chemistry |volume=66 |issue=15 |pages=2451–2457 |last2=Rajagopalan |first2=R. |last3=Heller |first3=A.}}</ref>