Editing Entropy (section)

=== Economics ===
{{See also|Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen #The relevance of thermodynamics to economics|Ecological economics #Methodology}}

[[Romanian American]] economist [[Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen]], a [[List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field|progenitor]] in economics and a [[Paradigm shift#Kuhnian paradigm shifts|paradigm founder]] of [[ecological economics]], made extensive use of the entropy concept in his [[Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen#Magnum opus on The Entropy Law and the Economic Process|magnum opus on ''The Entropy Law and the Economic Process'']].<ref name="Georgescu-Roegen 1971" /> Due to Georgescu-Roegen's work, the [[laws of thermodynamics]] form an [[Ecological economics#Methodology|integral part of the ecological economics school]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cleveland |first1=Cutler J. |last2=Ruth |first2=Matthias |author-link1= Cutler J. Cleveland |year=1997 |title=When, where, and by how much do biophysical limits constrain the economic process? A survey of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen's contribution to ecological economics |journal=[[Ecological Economics (journal)|Ecological Economics]] |volume=22 |issue=3 |location=Amsterdam |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |doi=10.1016/s0921-8009(97)00079-7 |pages=203–223|doi-access=free }}</ref>{{rp|204f}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Daly |first1=Herman E. |last2=Farley |first2=Joshua |author-link1=Herman Daly |date= 2011 |title=Ecological Economics. Principles and Applications. |edition=2nd |url=http://library.uniteddiversity.coop/Measuring_Progress_and_Eco_Footprinting/Ecological_Economics-Principles_and_Applications.pdf |format=PDF contains full book |location=Washington |publisher=Island Press |isbn=978-1-59726-681-9 }}</ref>{{rp|29–35}} Although his work was [[Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen#Mistakes and controversies|blemished somewhat by mistakes]], a full chapter on the economics of Georgescu-Roegen has approvingly been included in one elementary physics textbook on the historical development of thermodynamics.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schmitz |first=John E.J. |date=2007 |title=The Second Law of Life: Energy, Technology, and the Future of Earth As We Know It.|url=https://secondlawoflife.wordpress.com/contents |format=Link to the author's science blog, based on his textbook |location=Norwich |publisher=William Andrew Publishing |isbn=978-0-8155-1537-1 }}</ref>{{rp|95–112}}

In economics, Georgescu-Roegen's work has generated the term [[Pessimism#Entropy pessimism|'entropy pessimism']].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ayres |first=Robert U. |author-link=Robert Ayres (scientist) |year=2007 |title=On the practical limits to substitution |url=http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/7800/1/IR-05-036.pdf |journal=[[Ecological Economics (journal)|Ecological Economics]] |volume=61 |issue=1 |location=Amsterdam |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.02.011 |pages=115–128|s2cid=154728333 }}</ref>{{rp|116}} Since the 1990s, leading ecological economist and [[Steady-state economy#Herman Daly's concept of a steady-state economy|steady-state theorist]] [[Herman Daly]] – a student of Georgescu-Roegen – has been the economics profession's most influential proponent of the entropy pessimism position.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kerschner |first=Christian |year=2010 |title=Economic de-growth vs. steady-state economy |url=http://degrowth.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Kerschner-2010.pdf |journal=[[Journal of Cleaner Production]] |volume=18 |issue=6 |location=Amsterdam |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.10.019 |pages=544–551|bibcode=2010JCPro..18..544K }}</ref>{{rp|545f}}<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.greattransition.org/publication/economics-for-a-full-world |title=Economics for a Full World |author=Daly, Herman E. |author-link=Herman Daly |year=2015 |journal=Scientific American |volume=293 |issue=3 |pages=100–7 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0905-100 |pmid=16121860 |s2cid=13441670 |access-date=23 November 2016 }}</ref>