Editing Economy of Peru (section)

====Background====
[[Coca]] has a long history of cultivation in the Andes, and has always been a traditional part of Peruvian life. However, the [[narcotic]] properties of coca were known only locally until 1786, when [[Lamarck]] listed the leaf in his botanical encyclopedia.<ref name="McCoy">McCoy, Alfred W (2004). ''Dangerous Harvest.  The Stimulus of Prohibition: A Critical History of the Global Narcotics Trade'', p. 25. Oxford University Press, New York. {{ISBN|0-19-514319-1}}.</ref> After the arrival of the Spanish, coca cultivation increased and its use became more common and widespread.<ref name="MacGregor">MacGregor, Felipe E. (ed.) (1993). ''Coca and Cocaine: An Andean Perspective'', p.109. Greenwood Press, US.  {{ISBN|0-313-28530-6}}.</ref> Since 1543, coca has been internationally recognized for its trading value, and regulations imposed upon it have attached increasing economic importance to the plant.<ref name="MacGregor" /> Exchange of the coca leaf between consumers in the highlands and growers in the low-lying hills has gone on for at least the last millennium, strengthening local economic ties.<ref>Salisbury, D.S. and C. Fagan (2011).  "Coca and conservation: cultivation, eradication, and trafficking in the Amazon borderlands."  ''GeoJournal'' {{doi|10.1007/s10708-011-9430-x}}.  URL: http://upperamazon.org/ Retrieved 28 January 2012</ref>  Between 1884 and 1900, coca and cocaine grew in popularity for medical purposes and mass consumption in the United States.  From 1905 to 1922, anti-cocaine sentiments in the US resulted in criminalization of both coca and cocaine. It was not until the 1920s that US diplomats began to extend drug prohibitions internationally.<ref>Gootenberg, Paul (2004). "Secret Ingredients: The Politics of Coca in US-Peruvian Relations, 1915–65." ''Journal of Latin American Studies'' {{doi|10.1017/S0022216X04007424}} Retrieved 27 January 2012.</ref>