Editing Economy of Pakistan (section)

==== Transportation ====
{{Main|Transportation in Pakistan}}

===== Air linkage =====
[[File:PK Karachi Airport asv2020-01.jpg|thumb|[[Jinnah International Airport]] in [[Karachi]]]]

The year 1955 marked the inauguration of the Pakistan airline's first scheduled international service – to London, via Cairo and Rome. In 1959, the Government of Pakistan appointed Air Commodore Nur Khan as the managing director of PIA. With his visionary leadership, PIA 'took off' and within a short span of 6 years, gained the stature and status of one of the world's frontline carriers. In aviation circles, this period has often been referred to as the "golden years of PIA". On 29 April 1964, with a Boeing 720B, PIA earned the distinction of becoming the first airline from a non-communist country to fly into the People's Republic of China. Private sector airlines in Pakistan include [[Airblue]], which serves the main cities within Pakistan in addition to destinations in the [[Persian Gulf]] and [[Manchester]] in the United Kingdom.

{| class="wikitable"
|+[[Pakistan International Airlines|PIA]] annual reports<ref>{{cite web |title=PIA Annual Statements |url=https://www.piac.com.pk/corporate/management/corporate-reports |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410203501/https://www.piac.com.pk/corporate/management/corporate-reports |archive-date=10 April 2020 |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=PIA}}</ref>
!Indicators
!2003
!2008
!2013
!2018
!2019
!2020
!2021
!2022
|-
|Route kilometers
|290,129
|311,131
|411,936
|332,303
|389,725
|705,820
|374,054
|341,821
|-
|Passengers carried (000)
|4,556
|5,617
|4,449
|5,203
|5,290
|2,541
|2,657
|4,281
|-
|Operating revenue (billion PKR)
|47.952
|88.863
|95.771
|103.490
|147.500
|94.989
|86.185
|172.038
|-
|Operating expenses (billion PKR)
|42.574
|120.499
|123.151
|150.524
|153.631
|95.670
|101.212
|183.354
|-
|Profit+/-loss after tax (billion PKR)
| +1.298
| −36.138
| −44.322
| −67.328
| −52.602
| −34.643
| −50.101
| −88.008
|}

===== Railway linkage =====
[[File:Pakistan Railway Train.jpg|thumb|A [[Pakistan Railway]] train]]

Pakistan Railways (PR) is a major mode of transport in the public sector, contributing to the country's economic growth and providing national integration. 13 May 1861 was a historical day when the first railway line was opened for public between Karachi City and Kotri, a distance of 169 km. In 1885, the Sindh, Punjab and Delhi Railways were purchased by the Secretary of State for India. On 1 January 1886 this line and other State Railways were integrated and North Western State Railway was formed; this was later renamed as North Western Railways (NWR). At the time of Independence, the NWR was bifurcated with 1,847 route miles lying in India and 5,048 route miles in Pakistan. In 2022, Pakistan Railways comprised a total of 467 locomotives (462 diesel engines and 05 steam engines) for the 7,479 km route length. Pakistan Railways employed 60,643 people in 2022.

{| class="wikitable"
|+[[Pakistan Railway]] year books<ref>{{cite web |title=Railway Yearbooks |url=https://www.pakrail.gov.pk/YearBook.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=pakrail.gov.pk}}</ref>
!Indicators
!2016
!2017
!2018
!2019
!2020
!2021
!2022
!2023
!2024
|-
|Route kilometers
|7,791
|7,791
|7,791
|7,791
|7,791
|7,791
|7,479
|7,791
|7,791
|-
|Track kilometers
|11,881
|11,881
|11,881
|11,881
|11,881
|11,881
|11,492
|11,881
|11,881
|-
|Passengers carried (000)
|52,192
|52,388
|54,907
|60,387
|44,304
|28,424
|35,681
|35,404
|42,103
|-
|Goods carried (000 tonnes)
|5,001
|5,630
|8,355
|8,376
|7,412
|8,213
|8,098
|5,748
|7,854
|-
|Operating revenue (billion PKR)
|36.58
|40.06
|49.57
|54.51
|47.58
|48.65
|60.09
|63.29
|88.73
|-
|Operating expenses (billion PKR)
|41.86
|50.07
|52.07
|53.77
|59.29
|56.33
|67.56
|72.12
|88.31
|-
|Net loss (billion PKR)
|26.53
|40.79
|37.12
|33.49
|50.27
|47.71
|48.49
|47.77
|53.32
|}

===== Road linkage =====
[[File:Raod to hunza.jpg|thumb|[[Karakoram Highway]]]]

The [[National Highway Authority]] (NHA) was established in 1991 through an Act of Parliament for the planning, development, operation, repair, and maintenance of National Highways and Strategic Roads specially entrusted to NHA by the Federal Government or by a Provincial Government or other authority concerned. NHA is the custodian of 39 national highways, motorways, expressways, and strategic routes, with a total length of 12,131 km, constituting 4.6% of the total national roads network, which is 263,775 km. However, it carries 80% of commercial traffic, and the [[N-5 National Highway]], which is the lifeline of Pakistan, carries 65% of this load in the country.

===== Maritime linkage =====
[[File:PK Karachi asv2020-02 img47 container port.jpg|thumb|[[Port of Karachi]]]]

[[Pakistan National Shipping Corporation]] (PNSC) is a national flag carrier. It was formed through the merger of the National Shipping Corporation and Pakistan Shipping Corporation in 1979. PNSC has had worldwide operations in the dry bulk segment of the shipping market since its inception, and has been involved in the transportation of liquid cargo since 1998, both locally and internationally. The corporation's head office is located in Karachi. Currently, the PNSC fleet comprises eleven vessels of various types and sizes (five [[bulk carrier]]s, four [[Aframax]] tankers, and two LR-1 Clean Product tankers) with a total deadweight capacity (cargo carrying capacity) of 831,711 metric tons, the highest ever carrying capacity since the inception of PNSC.<ref>{{cite web|title=Segmental Review of Maritime Business Performance|url=https://pnsc.com.pk/financials/2019-2020AnnualReport.pdf?t=1630585246001|url-status=live|access-date=2 September 2021|website=pnsc.com.pk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902125335/https://pnsc.com.pk/financials/2019-2020AnnualReport.pdf?t=1630585246001 |archive-date=2 September 2021 }}</ref>