Editing David Bowie (section)

== Legacy ==
[[File:David Bowie's star at the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2007.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A star bearing the name David Bowie|Bowie's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]]]
[[File:Berliner Gedenktafel Hauptstr 155 (Schön) David Bowie.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A memorial plaque to David Bowie|[[Berlin memorial plaque]], Hauptstraße 155, in [[Schöneberg]], Germany]]
Bowie is generally regarded as one of the most influential musicians of all time.<ref>{{cite news|title=NME poll places Bowie as most influential artist of all-time|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/david-bowie-343-1306703|work=NME|date=27 November 2000|access-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228075105/https://www.nme.com/news/music/david-bowie-343-1306703|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="ParelesNYT">{{cite web |last=Pareles |first=Jon |author1-link=Jon Pareles |title=David Bowie Dies at 69; Star Transcended Music, Art and Fashion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/12/arts/music/david-bowie-dies-at-69.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=3 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115110757/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/12/arts/music/david-bowie-dies-at-69.html?_r=1 |archive-date=15 January 2016 |date=11 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Lynch" /> According to [[Alexis Petridis]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'', by 1980 he was "the most important and influential artist since the Beatles".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jan/11/david-bowie-man-who-thrilled-the-world-appreciation |title=David Bowie: the man who thrilled the world |work=The Guardian |first=Alexis |last=Petridis |author-link=Alexis Petridis |date=11 January 2016 |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=2 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102033438/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jan/11/david-bowie-man-who-thrilled-the-world-appreciation |url-status=live }}</ref> His influence was wide-reaching due to constant reinvention,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Filicky|first=Brad|title=Reviews; David Bowie: ''Heathen''|journal=[[CMJ New Music Report]]|volume=71|issue=766|date=10 June 2002|page=13}}</ref> leading him to be dubbed the "chameleon of rock".<ref name="business insider">{{cite web |last=O'Leary |first=Naomi |title=David Bowie: Chameleon of rock |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/afp-david-bowie-chameleon-of-rock-2016-1 |website=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=12 April 2020 |date=11 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412180411/https://www.businessinsider.com/afp-david-bowie-chameleon-of-rock-2016-1 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bell |first=Susan |title=The life and death of David Bowie, rock's crafty chameleon |url=https://news.usc.edu/90856/the-life-and-death-of-david-bowie-rocks-greatest-chameleon/ |website=USC News |access-date=12 April 2020 |date=14 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412180421/https://news.usc.edu/90856/the-life-and-death-of-david-bowie-rocks-greatest-chameleon/ |archive-date=12 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The biographer Thomas Forget said in 2002: "Because he succeeded in so many different styles of music, it is almost impossible to find a popular artist today that has not been influenced by David Bowie."<ref>{{cite book|last=Forget|first=Thomas|year=2002|title=David Bowie (Rock & Roll Hall of Famers)|publisher=Rosen Publishing Group|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-8239-3523-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/davidbowie0000forg/page/7 7]|url=https://archive.org/details/davidbowie0000forg/page/7}}</ref> [[Neil McCormick]] of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' stated that Bowie had "one of the supreme careers in popular music, art and culture of the 20th century" and "he was too inventive, too mercurial, too strange for all but his most devoted fans to keep up with".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/artists/david-bowie-music-tribute/ |title=A one-man melting pot of ideas: why we will never solve the mystery of David Bowie's music |work=The Daily Telegraph |first=Neil |last=McCormick |author-link=Neil McCormick |date=11 January 2016 |access-date=12 March 2016 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731004705/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/artists/david-bowie-music-tribute/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Bowie's songs and stagecraft brought a new dimension to popular music in the early 1970s, strongly influencing its immediate forms and subsequent development.{{sfn|Schinder|Schwartz|2007|p=482}} Perone credited Bowie with having "brought sophistication to rock music", and critical reviews frequently acknowledged the intellectual depth of his work and influence.{{sfn|Schinder|Schwartz|2007|p=482}}{{sfn|Perone|2007|p=183}}{{sfn|Paytress|2003|p=218}} The BBC's arts editor [[Will Gompertz]] likened Bowie to [[Pablo Picasso]], writing that he was "an innovative, visionary, restless artist who synthesised complex avant garde concepts into beautifully coherent works that touched the hearts and minds of millions".<ref>{{cite news |last=Gompertz |first=Will |author-link=Will Gompertz |title=David Bowie: The Picasso of pop |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35284134 |url-status=live |work=BBC News |date=11 January 2016 |access-date=19 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416104409/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35284134 |archive-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> Schinder and Schwartz credited Bowie and [[Marc Bolan]] as the founders of the glam rock genre.{{sfn|Schinder|Schwartz|2007|p=482}} He also inspired the innovators of the [[punk rock]] movement{{sfn|Campbell|2011|p=345}} and explored [[grunge]] and [[alternative rock]] styles with the band Tin Machine before those styles became popular.{{sfn|Perone|2007|pp=99–103}}{{sfn|Pegg|2016|pp=414–415}}
In ''The New York Times'', [[Jon Pareles]] said Bowie "transcended music, art and fashion", and introduced his audiences to Philadelphia funk, [[Japanese clothing|Japanese fashion]], [[Krautrock|German electronica]] and drum-and-bass dance music.<ref name="ParelesNYT" /> ''Billboard''{{'s}} Joe Lynch argued Bowie "influenced more musical genres than any other rock star", from glam rock, folk rock and hard rock, to electronic, [[industrial rock]] and synth-pop, to even [[hip hop]] and [[indie rock]].<ref name="Lynch">{{cite magazine |last=Lynch |first=Joe |title=David Bowie Influenced More Musical Genres Than Any Other Rock Star |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/david-bowie-influence-genres-rock-star-6843061/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=3 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121113903/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/david-bowie-influence-genres-rock-star-6843061/ |archive-date=21 January 2022 |date=15 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Broadcaster [[John Peel]] contrasted Bowie with his [[progressive rock]] contemporaries, arguing that Bowie was "an interesting kind of fringe figure... on the outskirts of things". Peel said he "liked the idea of him reinventing himself... the one distinguishing feature about early-70s progressive rock was that it didn't progress. Before Bowie came along, people didn't want too much change"; then Bowie "subverted the whole notion of what it was to be a rock star".{{sfn|Buckley|2005|pp=524, 529}} Buckley called Bowie "both star and icon. The vast body of work he has produced&nbsp;... has created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture.&nbsp;... His influence has been unique in popular culture—he has permeated and altered more lives than any comparable figure."{{sfn|Buckley|2005|pp=516–517}}

The BBC's [[Mark Easton]] argued that Bowie provided fuel for "the creative powerhouse that Britain has become" by challenging future generations "to aim high, to be ambitious and provocative, to take risks", concluding that he had "changed the way the world sees Britain. And the way Britain sees itself".<ref name="easton"/> In 2006, Bowie was voted the fourth greatest living British icon in a poll held by the BBC's ''[[Culture Show]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Thompson|first=Jody|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6230201.stm|title=Sixty things about David Bowie|work=BBC News|date=8 January 2007|access-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110083845/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6230201.stm|archive-date=10 January 2007}}</ref> [[Annie Zaleski]] wrote, "Every band or solo artist who's decided to rip up their playbook and start again owes a debt to Bowie".<ref>{{cite news|last=Zaleski|first=Annie|author-link=Annie Zaleski|url=https://www.altpress.com/features/how_david_bowie_influenced_our_scene/|title=How David Bowie influenced our scene|work=[[Alternative Press (magazine)|Alternative Press]]|date=12 January 2016|access-date=14 August 2016|archive-date=2 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702210110/http://www.altpress.com/features/entry/how_david_bowie_influenced_our_scene|url-status=live}}</ref>

Numerous figures from the music industry whose careers Bowie had influenced paid tribute to him following his death; [[panegyric]]s on Twitter (tweets about him peaked at 20,000 a minute an hour after the announcement of his death)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-38418802 |title=2016 deaths: The great, the good and the lesser known |date=30 December 2016 |work=BBC News |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=3 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103133953/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-38418802 |url-status=live}}</ref> also came from outside the entertainment industry and [[pop culture]], such as those from the [[Holy See|Vatican]], namely Cardinal [[Gianfranco Ravasi]], who quoted "Space Oddity", and the German [[Federal Foreign Office]], which thanked Bowie for his part in the [[fall of the Berlin Wall]] and referenced "{{-'}}Heroes{{'-}}".<ref>{{cite news|title=David Bowie death triggers tributes from Iggy Pop, Madonna—even the Vatican and the German government|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/death-of-david-bowie-sparks-howls-of-anguish-across-social-media-2016-01-11|website=MarketWatch|date=11 January 2016|first=Barbara|last=Kollmeyer|access-date=13 April 2021|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019113815/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/death-of-david-bowie-sparks-howls-of-anguish-across-social-media-2016-01-11|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://catholicherald.co.uk/news/2016/01/11/vatican-culture-official-pays-tribute-to-david-bowie/ |title=Vatican culture official pays tribute to David Bowie |date=11 January 2016 |newspaper=[[Catholic Herald]]|access-date=14 January 2016 |archive-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808035444/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2016/01/11/vatican-culture-official-pays-tribute-to-david-bowie/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 7&nbsp;January 2017, the BBC broadcast the 90-minute documentary ''[[David Bowie: The Last Five Years]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b088ktm6 |title=David Bowie: The Last Five Years |publisher=BBC |date=7 January 2017 |access-date=8 January 2017 |archive-date=3 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203120322/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b088ktm6 |url-status=live}}</ref> A day later, which would have been Bowie's 70th birthday, a charity concert in his birthplace of Brixton was hosted by close friend and actor [[Gary Oldman]].<ref>{{cite news|last=O'Connor|first=Roisin|title=Celebrating David Bowie's 70th birthday in Brixton, gig review: Touching tributes from those who knew him|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/david-bowie-70th-birthday-brixton-academy-review-year-anniversary-a7517586.html|work=The Independent|date=10 January 2017|access-date=11 January 2017|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101215428/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/david-bowie-70th-birthday-brixton-academy-review-year-anniversary-a7517586.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A David Bowie walking tour through Brixton was launched, and concerts were held in New York, Los Angeles, Sydney, and Tokyo.<ref>{{cite news|title=David Bowie fans gather for birthday concert|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-38553380|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=10 January 2017|access-date=11 January 2017|archive-date=3 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203040149/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-38553380|url-status=live}}</ref>

===''David Bowie Is''===
{{main|David Bowie Is{{!}}''David Bowie Is''}}
An exhibition of Bowie artefacts, called ''David Bowie Is'', was organised by the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] in London, and shown there in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=David Bowie Is|url=https://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/david-bowie|website=Victoria and Albert Museum|access-date=8 September 2013|archive-date=20 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120094507/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/exhibitions/david-bowie-is/|url-status=live}}</ref> The London exhibit was visited by over 300,000 people, making it one of the most successful exhibitions ever staged at the museum.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty Is Most Popular Show in V&A's History |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/aug/03/alexander-mcqueen-show-savage-beauty-most-popular-victoria-and-albert-history |newspaper=The Guardian |date=3 August 2015 |access-date=27 January 2016 |archive-date=26 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182254/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/aug/03/alexander-mcqueen-show-savage-beauty-most-popular-victoria-and-albert-history |url-status=live }}</ref> Later that year the exhibition began a world tour which started in [[Art Gallery of Ontario|Toronto]] and included stops lasting a few months each throughout Europe, Asia and North America before the exhibit ended in 2018 at the [[Brooklyn Museum]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Touring Exhibition: David Bowie is|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/touring-exhibition-david-bowie-is|publisher=Victoria and Albert Museum|access-date=24 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925041217/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/touring-exhibition-david-bowie-is/|archive-date=25 September 2014}}</ref> The exhibition hosted around 2,000,000 visitors over its run.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/musicnews/david-bowie-retrospective-starts-its-final-bow-at-brooklyn-museum/ar-BBJLzJ3 |title=David Bowie Retrospective Starts Its Final Bow at Brooklyn Museum |date=1 March 2018 |access-date=13 March 2018 |first=Mary |last=von Aue |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314174240/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/musicnews/david-bowie-retrospective-starts-its-final-bow-at-brooklyn-museum/ar-BBJLzJ3 |archive-date=14 March 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== ''Stardust'' biopic ===
{{main|Stardust (2020 film){{!}}''Stardust'' (2020 film)}}
The biopic ''[[Stardust (2020 film)|Stardust]]'' was announced on 31&nbsp;January 2019, with musician and actor [[Johnny Flynn]] as Bowie, [[Jena Malone]] as his wife Angie, and [[Marc Maron]] as his publicist.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Clarke|first=Stewart|title=Johnny Flynn to Play David Bowie in 'Stardust,' Marc Maron Also Attached|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/movies/news/johnny-flynn-to-play-david-bowie-in-stardust-marc-maron-also-attached/ar-BBT0Tue?OCID=ansmsnnews11|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=1 February 2019|date=31 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042218/https://www.msn.com/en-us/movies/news/johnny-flynn-to-play-david-bowie-in-stardust-marc-maron-also-attached/ar-BBT0Tue?OCID=ansmsnnews11|archive-date=2 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Written by Christopher Bell and directed by [[Gabriel Range]], the film follows Bowie on his first trip to the United States in 1971. Bowie's son [[Duncan Jones]] spoke out against the film, saying he was not consulted and that the film would not have permission to use Bowie's music.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arnold |first=Ben |title=David Bowie's son Duncan Jones slams plans for planned biopic about his dad |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/david-bowies-son-duncan-jones-slams-plans-planned-biopic-dad-104411494.html?bcmt=1|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|access-date=1 February 2019|date=1 February 2019|archive-date=2 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042025/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/david-bowies-son-duncan-jones-slams-plans-planned-biopic-dad-104411494.html?bcmt=1|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was set to premiere at the 2020 [[Tribeca Film Festival]], but the festival was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Reed|first=Ryan|title=Tribeca Film Festival Postponed Over Coronavirus Precautions|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/tribeca-film-festival-postponed-coronavirus-966636/|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=12 March 2020|access-date=18 August 2020|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805140218/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/tribeca-film-festival-postponed-coronavirus-966636/|url-status=live}}</ref> Critics were generally unfavourable in their reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stardust|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/stardust-2020|access-date=13 February 2022|publisher=Metacritic|archive-date=10 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110132017/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/stardust-2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

===''Moonage Daydream''===
{{Main|Moonage Daydream (film){{!}}''Moonage Daydream'' (film)}}
A film based on Bowie's musical journey throughout his career was announced on 23&nbsp;May 2022. Titled ''[[Moonage Daydream (film)|Moonage Daydream]]'', after the song "[[Moonage Daydream]]", the film is written and directed by [[Brett Morgen]] and features never-before-seen footage, performances and music framed by Bowie's own narration. Morgan stated that "Bowie cannot be defined, he can be experienced... That is why we crafted ''Moonage Daydream'' to be a unique cinematic experience". The documentary is the first posthumous film about Bowie to be approved by his estate. After spending five years in production, the film premiered at the [[2022 Cannes Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Garcia |first=Thania |title='Moonage Daydream' Trailer Unveils Dazzling David Bowie Footage Ahead of Cannes Premiere |url=https://variety.com/2022/music/news/moonage-daydream-trailer-1235274642/ |website=Variety |access-date=23 May 2022 |date=23 May 2022 |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829174808/https://variety.com/2022/music/news/moonage-daydream-trailer-1235274642/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and was released theatrically in the US in [[IMAX]] on 16&nbsp;September.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collider.com/moonage-daydream-release-date-details-trailer-everything-we-know-so-far-david-bowie/|title='Moonage Daydream': Release Date, Details, Trailer, and Everything We Know So Far|last=P|first=Maddie|date=17 July 2022|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|access-date=2 August 2022|archive-date=9 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709192642/https://collider.com/moonage-daydream-release-date-details-trailer-everything-we-know-so-far-david-bowie/|url-status=live}}</ref> It received positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/moonage_daydream|title=Moonage Daydream (2022)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=9 September 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815182046/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/moonage_daydream|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/moonage-daydream|title=''Moonage Daydream'' Reviews|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=9 September 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815182235/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/moonage-daydream|url-status=live}}</ref>