Editing Daniel Ortega (section)

==Criticisms and concerns ==
Ortega's second presidency has been subject to much criticism and accusations of his becoming a strongman.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/from-rebel-to-strongman-how-daniel-ortega-became-the-thing-he-fought-against/2018/08/24/117d000a-97fe-11e8-818b-e9b7348cd87d_story.html|title=From rebel to strongman: How Daniel Ortega became the thing he fought against|last=Partlow|first=Joshua|date=24 August 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427144941/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/from-rebel-to-strongman-how-daniel-ortega-became-the-thing-he-fought-against/2018/08/24/117d000a-97fe-11e8-818b-e9b7348cd87d_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests|2018 protests]] have been pointed to as being symbolic of these tensions.<ref name="Amnesty" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/23/nicaragua-withdraws-social-security-changes-after-people-killed-in-riots|title=Nicaragua abandons social security changes after dozens killed in riots|agency=Associated Press|date=23 April 2018|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=19 June 2018|archive-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615120010/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/23/nicaragua-withdraws-social-security-changes-after-people-killed-in-riots|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, Frances Robles wrote in ''[[The New York Times]]'' that the "many Ortega adult children manage everything from gasoline distribution to television stations" in Nicaragua.<ref name="nyt-Robles-24-12-2018">{{cite news |last1=Robles |first1=Frances |title=In Nicaragua, Ortega Was on the Ropes. Now, He Has Protesters on the Run. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/world/americas/nicaragua-protests-daniel-ortega.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/world/americas/nicaragua-protests-daniel-ortega.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |access-date=16 July 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=24 December 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In the months preceding the November [[2021 Nicaraguan general election]], Ortega's government arrested many prominent opposition members. As of 23 July, 26 opposition leaders have been imprisoned.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210706-nicaragua-opposition-arrests-climb-to-26|title=Nicaragua opposition arrests climb to 26|publisher=France24|date=July 6, 2021|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=22 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722235058/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210706-nicaragua-opposition-arrests-climb-to-26|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/6/more-opposition-leaders-detained-in-nicaragua-crackdown|title=More opposition leaders detained in Nicaragua crackdown|date=July 6, 2021|publisher=Al Jazeera English|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=22 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722235058/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/6/more-opposition-leaders-detained-in-nicaragua-crackdown|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57733632|title=Nicaraguan opposition activists held as crackdown intensifies|date=July 7, 2021 |publisher=BBC News|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=22 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722235057/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57733632|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 24 March 2022, the ambassador [[Arturo McFields]], condemned the Ortega government and requested the release of political prisoners, alluding that the government people were "tired of dictatorship" and that it was not easy to denounce it. As a result, he was dismissed.<ref>[https://www.abc.es/internacional/abci-embajador-nicaragua-ante-rompe-dictadura-donde-sesion-vivo-202203231617_noticia.html Embajador Nicaragua ante rompe dictadura donde sesion vivo] abc.es {{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://us.marca.com/claro/more-trending/2022/03/23/623b828bca474122038b4615.html]{{dead link|date=May 2022}}</ref><ref>https://noticiasyprotagonistas.com/actualidad/arturo-mcfields-el-ambassador-que-{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} I am encouraged to denounce-daniel-ortega-pass-the-15-most-horrible-days-of-my-life/</ref><ref>https://radio-corporacion.com/blog{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} /archives/142943/it-is-the-official-government-of-ortega-removing-arturo-mcfields-as-ambassador-of-nicaragua-at-the-oas/</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Balmaceda |first1=Marling |title=Ortega officially dismisses Arturo McFields as his ambassador to the OAS |url=https://www.articulo66.com/2022/03/24/nicaragua-daniel-ortega-destitucion-artiro-mcfields-oea/ |work=Articulo66 |date=March 24, 2022 |access-date=14 June 2022 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327225428/https://www.articulo66.com/2022/03/24/nicaragua-daniel-ortega-destitucion-artiro-mcfields-oea/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The American lawyer Paul Reichler also left his position as representative due to "moral conscience",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/en/2022/03/27/nicaraguas-lawyer-before-the-international-court-of-justice-paul-reichler-resigned-from-office-for-moral-conscience/|title=Nicaragua's lawyer before the International Court of Justice, Paul Reichler, resigned from his position due to "moral conscience"|accessdate=2022-04-15|date=March 27, 2022|website=infobae|language=es-ES|archive-date=17 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417081530/https://www.infobae.com/en/2022/03/27/nicaraguas-lawyer-before-the-international-court-of-justice-paul-reichler-resigned-from-office-for-moral-conscience/|url-status=live}}</ref> who felt that the president "was no longer the Daniel Ortega whom he respected so much and served with so much pride". Reichler found it inconceivable that someone like Ortega would have [[2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests|mercilessly suppressed peaceful demonstrations]] and imprisoned his former colleagues in inhumane conditions, and accused him of "murdering" a general by withholding medical treatment. This figure of American origin served as Nicaragua's international legal adviser before the [[International Court of Justice]], when Managua denounced the United States for financing the [[Contras|counterrevolution]], winning the case.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2022-03-29/ya-no-es-el-daniel-ortega-a-quien-tanto-respete-renuncia-un-importante-asesor-del-gobierno-de-nicaragua.html|title=An important adviser to the Government of Nicaragua resigns: "He is no longer the Daniel Ortega whom I respected so much"|accessdate=2022-04-15|last=Miranda|first=Wilfredo|date=2022-03-29|website=El País|language=es|archive-date=17 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417201549/https://elpais.com/internacional/2022-03-29/ya-no-es-el-daniel-ortega-a-quien-tanto-respete-renuncia-un-importante-asesor-del-gobierno-de-nicaragua.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Ortega administration also ordered the closure of the Nicaraguan Language Academy for failing to register as a "foreign agent" ratified by the Sandinista parliament with the favorable vote of 75 deputies of the ruling FSLN.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2022/05/31/62966264fc6c835e6e8b4573.html|title=El Parlamento sandinista ratifica el cierre de la Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua pese a la repulsa internacional|access-date=2022-06-03|date=2022-05-31|website=El Mundo |language=es|archive-date=3 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603121428/https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2022/05/31/62966264fc6c835e6e8b4573.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2022-05-31/la-academia-nicaraguense-de-la-lengua-la-nueva-victima-de-la-represion-del-gobierno-de-ortega.html|title=La Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua: la nueva víctima de la represión del Gobierno de Ortega|access-date=2022-06-03|last1=Mantilla|first1=Carlos Salinas Maldonado |first2=Jesús |last2=Ruiz|date=2022-05-31|website=El País|language=es|archive-date=3 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603121423/https://elpais.com/cultura/2022-05-31/la-academia-nicaraguense-de-la-lengua-la-nueva-victima-de-la-represion-del-gobierno-de-ortega.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Asamblea Nacional de Nicaragua cancela la personería jurídica de la Academia de la Lengua y otras 82 organizaciones civiles |trans-title=National Assembly of Nicaragua revokes the legal status of the Academy of Language and 82 other civil organizations. |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2022/05/31/asamblea-nacional-nicaragua-cancela-personeria-juridica-academial-lengua-organizaciones-civiles-orix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603121423/https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2022/05/31/asamblea-nacional-nicaragua-cancela-personeria-juridica-academial-lengua-organizaciones-civiles-orix/ |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=2022-06-03 |publisher=CNN |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/cultura/tras-94-anos-de-actividad-parlamento-de-nicaragua-inhabilita-la-academia-nicaraguense-de-la-lengua|title=Tras 94 años de actividad, parlamento de Nicaragua inhabilita a la Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua|access-date=2022-06-03|date=2022-05-31|website=El Universal|language=es|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531181557/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/cultura/tras-94-anos-de-actividad-parlamento-de-nicaragua-inhabilita-la-academia-nicaraguense-de-la-lengua|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Sexual abuse allegations===
In 1998, Daniel Ortega's adopted stepdaughter [[Zoilamérica Ortega Murillo|Zoilamérica Narváez]] released a 48-page report<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2002/01/07/arts_41/41_zoilamerica.htm Testimony of Zoilamérica Narváez against her stepfather Daniel Ortega] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026130910/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2002/01/07/arts_41/41_zoilamerica.htm |date=26 October 2014 }}; [http://www.therealnicaragua.com/Files/testimony_of_Zoilamerica_vs_Ortega.pdf Testimony of Zoilamérica Narváez against her stepfather Daniel Ortega (in English)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028192753/http://www.therealnicaragua.com/Files/testimony_of_Zoilamerica_vs_Ortega.pdf |date=28 October 2008 }}</ref> in which she alleged he had [[sexually abused]] her from 1979, when she was 12, until 1990.<ref name="GUARD16"/><ref name=time230398>''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'',  23 March 1998, [https://web.archive.org/web/20000816215922/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/1998/int/980323/latin_america.an_ugly_fa3.html An Ugly Family Affair: Charges of sexual abuse leveled against Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega swirl atop a power struggle]</ref> Ortega and his wife Murillo denied the allegation.<ref name="CommandantCaudillo">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/nov/07/thecomandantewhobecameaca|title=From comandante to caudillo|last=Anthony|first=Andrew|date=7 November 2006|work=The Guardian|access-date=10 March 2019|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427004622/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/nov/07/thecomandantewhobecameaca|url-status=live}}</ref> The case could not proceed in Nicaraguan courts, which have been consistently allied with Ortega,<ref name="DB13">{{cite news|last1=Margolis|first1=Mac|title=Nicaragua's President Accused of Sex Abuse by His Stepdaughter|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/nicaraguas-president-accused-of-sex-abuse-by-his-stepdaughter|access-date=4 November 2017|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|date=20 May 2013|archive-date=14 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914030141/http://www.thedailybeast.com/nicaraguas-president-accused-of-sex-abuse-by-his-stepdaughter|url-status=live}}</ref> because he had immunity from prosecution as a member of parliament,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ortega-faces-sex-abuse-case-from-his-stepdaughter-1156496.html|title=Ortega faces sex abuse case from his stepdaughter|work=The Independent|access-date=30 August 2018|archive-date=13 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913182718/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ortega-faces-sex-abuse-case-from-his-stepdaughter-1156496.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the five-year [[statute of limitations]] for sexual abuse and rape charges had expired.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112415754381234.html|title=Ignoring sexual violence in Nicaragua|last=Picq|first=Manuela|publisher=Al Jazeera English|access-date=30 August 2018|archive-date=31 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831035330/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112415754381234.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Narváez's complaint to the [[Inter-American Human Rights Commission]] was ruled [[Admissible evidence|admissible]] on 15 October 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cidh.org/annualrep/2001eng/nicaragua12230.htm|title=Nicaragua 12.230 - Admissible|access-date=5 August 2016|archive-date=26 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526230330/http://cidh.org/annualrep/2001eng/Nicaragua12230.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 March 2002, the Nicaraguan government accepted the commission's recommendation of a "friendly agreement".<ref name="envio1567"/> Narváez withdrew the accusations in 2008.{{Why|date=November 2021}}<ref name="CommandantCaudillo" /><ref name="DB13"/> Following the 2016 election, Narváez renewed her accusations and said that she had become an outcast in her family.<ref name="GUARD16"/><ref name="DB13"/><!--In 2005, Nicaraguan Elvia Junieth Flores and her family stated that she had been sexually abused by Ortega since she was 15 years-old. Flores said that she was under travel restrictions, that she is under constant surveillance, and that her family has been blackmailed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Los motivos de la minga: 'Somos distintos porque queremos la vida'|url=https://www.prensarural.org/spip/spip.php?article24210|access-date=4 November 2017|work=Prensa rural|date=2 November 2017|language=es}}</ref>-->

In 2019 a documentary film ''[[Exiliada]]'' was released which revolves around Zoilamérica Narváez and her sexual abuse allegations against Ortega.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|date=2020-05-07|title=Documental "Exiliada" ya puede verse en Nicaragua|url=https://niu.com.ni/documental-exiliada-ya-puede-verse-en-nicaragua/|access-date=2021-09-06|website=Niú|language=es|archive-date=6 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906202156/https://niu.com.ni/documental-exiliada-ya-puede-verse-en-nicaragua/|url-status=live |last1=Peralta |first1=Mónica García }}</ref>

There is also the case of Elvia Junieth who was allegedly abused by the president in 2005, and, according to the family, a girl was born from that relationship that Ortega did not recognize. Ernesto Moncada Lau, another of the assistants to the Sandinista president, appears on the birth certificate as the father of the minor.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/politica/joven-supuestamente-abusada-soy-victima-de-daniel-ortega/50000105-3425628 | title=Joven supuestamente abusada: "Soy víctima de Daniel Ortega" | access-date=15 April 2022 | archive-date=15 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415191409/https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/politica/joven-supuestamente-abusada-soy-victima-de-daniel-ortega/50000105-3425628 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://patriademarti.com/articulos-y-ensayos/468-mi-nina-fue-violada-por-daniel-ortega | title=Mi niña fue violada por Daniel Ortega | date=26 October 2015 | access-date=15 April 2022 | archive-date=25 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925134846/https://patriademarti.com/articulos-y-ensayos/468-mi-nina-fue-violada-por-daniel-ortega | url-status=live }}</ref> Her brother died in the Tipitapa Model prison in November 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/nicaragua-d-humanos_muere-en-c%C3%A1rcel-de-nicaragua-hombre-que-acus%C3%B3-a-ortega-de-violar-a-su-hermana/47104004 |title=Muere en cárcel de Nicaragua hombre que acusó a Ortega de violar a su hermana - SWI |language=es |publisher=Swissinfo.ch |date= 11 November 2021|accessdate=2022-04-20 |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415191410/https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/nicaragua-d-humanos_muere-en-c%C3%A1rcel-de-nicaragua-hombre-que-acus%C3%B3-a-ortega-de-violar-a-su-hermana/47104004 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=10 November 2021 |title=Nicaragua: fue hallado muerto en prisión el abogado que denunció que su hermana fue violada por Daniel Ortega cuando tenía 15 años |trans-title=Nicaragua: Lawyer who reported that his sister was raped by Daniel Ortega when she was 15 found dead in prison. |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2021/11/11/nicaragua-fue-hallado-muerto-en-prision-el-abogado-que-denuncio-que-su-hermana-fue-violada-por-daniel-ortega-cuando-tenia-15-anos/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123042313/https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2021/11/11/nicaragua-fue-hallado-muerto-en-prision-el-abogado-que-denuncio-que-su-hermana-fue-violada-por-daniel-ortega-cuando-tenia-15-anos/ |archive-date=23 November 2021 |accessdate=2022-04-20 |publisher=Infobae}}</ref>