Editing Charlie Chaplin (section)

=== Recognition ===
[[File:The Tramp Essanay.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Chaplin as the Tramp, cinema's "most universal icon", in 1915{{sfn|Sarris|p=139}}]]

In 1998, the film critic [[Andrew Sarris]] called Chaplin "arguably the single most important artist produced by the cinema, certainly its most extraordinary performer and probably still its most universal icon".{{sfn|Sarris|p=139}} He is described by the British Film Institute as "a towering figure in world culture",<ref name="BFIChaplinproject">{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/ |title=Charlie Chaplin |publisher=British Film Institute |access-date=7 October 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622161153/http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/ |archive-date=22 June 2012}}</ref> and was included in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine's list of the "[[Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century|100 Most Important People of the 20th Century]]" for the "laughter [he brought] to millions" and because he "more or less invented global recognizability and helped turn an industry into an art".<ref name="time 100">{{cite magazine |title=Time 100: Charlie Chaplin |url=http://www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/chaplin.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110523194732/http://www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/chaplin.html |archive-date=23 May 2011 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |first=Joshua|last=Quittner |author-link=Josh Quittner |date=8 June 1998 |url-status=dead |access-date=11 November 2013}}</ref> In 1999, the [[American Film Institute]] ranked Chaplin as the 10th greatest [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars|male star]] of [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Classic Hollywood Cinema]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/stars.aspx |title=AFI's 100 Years{{spaces}}... 100 Stars |publisher=American Film Institute |date=16 June 1999 |access-date=3 March 2023 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113043532/http://www.afi.com/100years/stars.aspx |archive-date=13 January 2013}}</ref>

The image of the Tramp has become a part of cultural history;{{sfn|Hansmeyer|p=3}} according to Simon Louvish, the character is recognisable to people who have never seen a Chaplin film, and in places where his films are never shown.{{sfn|Louvish|p=xvii}} The critic [[Leonard Maltin]] has written of the "unique" and "indelible" nature of the Tramp, and argued that no other comedian matched his "worldwide impact".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/leonardmaltin/chaplinfirst_last_and_always |title=Chaplin – First, Last, And Always |work=Indiewire |access-date=7 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525165601/http://blogs.indiewire.com/leonardmaltin/chaplinfirst_last_and_always |archive-date=25 May 2013 }}</ref> Praising the character, [[Richard Schickel]] suggests that Chaplin's films with the Tramp contain the most "eloquent, richly comedic expressions of the human spirit" in movie history.{{sfn|Schickel|p=41}} Memorabilia connected to the character still fetches large sums in auctions: in 2006 a bowler hat and a bamboo cane that were part of the Tramp's costume were bought for $140,000 in a Los Angeles auction.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5116474.stm |title=Record Price for Chaplin Hat Set |publisher=BBC |access-date=7 October 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423104143/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5116474.stm |archive-date=23 April 2012}}</ref>

As a filmmaker, Chaplin is considered a pioneer and one of the most influential figures of the early twentieth century.{{sfnm|1a1=Cousins|1p=72|2a1=Kemp|2pp=8, 22|3a1=Gunning|3p=41|4a1=Sarris|4p=139|5a1=Hansmeyer|5p=3}} He is often credited as one of the medium's first artists.{{sfnm|1a1=Schickel|1pp=3–4|2a1=Cousins|2p=36|3a1=Robinson|3pp=209–211|4a1=Kamin|4p=xiv}} Film historian [[Mark Cousins (film critic)|Mark Cousins]] has written that Chaplin "changed not only the imagery of cinema, but also its sociology and grammar" and claims that Chaplin was as important to the development of comedy as a genre as [[D. W. Griffith|D.W. Griffith]] was to drama.{{sfn|Cousins|p=70}} He was the first to popularise feature-length comedy and to slow down the pace of action, adding pathos and subtlety to it.{{sfn|Schickel|pp=7, 13}}<ref name="silent clowns">{{Cite episode|title=Charlie Chaplin|series=Silent Clowns|credits=Presented by [[Paul Merton]], directed by Tom Cholmondeley|network=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]]|station=[[BBC Four]]|date=1 June 2006}}</ref> Although his work is mostly classified as slapstick, Chaplin's drama ''A Woman of Paris'' (1923) was a major influence on [[Ernst Lubitsch]]'s film ''[[The Marriage Circle]]'' (1924) and thus played a part in the development of "sophisticated comedy".{{sfnm|1a1=Thompson|1pp=398–399|2a1=Robinson|2p=321|3a1=Louvish|3p=185}} According to David Robinson, Chaplin's innovations were "rapidly assimilated to become part of the common practice of film craft".{{sfn|Robinson|p=321}} Filmmakers who cited Chaplin as an influence include [[Federico Fellini]] (who called Chaplin "a sort of [[Adam]], from whom we are all descended"),{{sfn|Robinson|p=632}} [[Jacques Tati]] ("Without him I would never have made a film"),{{sfn|Robinson|p=632}} [[René Clair]] ("He inspired practically every filmmaker"),{{sfn|Robinson|p=631}} [[François Truffaut]] ("My religion is cinema. I believe in Charlie Chaplin…"),<ref>{{cite web|title=First Person Cinema|url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/truffaut-first-person-cinema/|website=TLS}}</ref> [[Michael Powell]],{{sfn|Brownlow|p=77}} [[Billy Wilder]],<ref name="story of film">{{Cite episode|title=Episode 2|series=[[The Story of Film: An Odyssey]]|credits=[[Mark Cousins (film critic)|Mark Cousins]]|network=[[Channel 4]]|station=[[More4]]|date=10 September 2011|time=27:51–28:35}}</ref> [[Vittorio De Sica]],{{sfn|Cardullo|pp=16, 212}} and [[Richard Attenborough]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Attenborough Introduction |url=http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/programme/attenborough.html |work=Charlie Chaplin |publisher=British Film Institute |access-date=11 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105202221/http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/programme/attenborough.html |archive-date= 5 November 2013}}</ref> Russian filmmaker [[Andrei Tarkovsky]] praised Chaplin as "the only person to have gone down into cinematic history without any shadow of a doubt. The films he left behind can never grow old."<ref name="tarovsky">{{Cite journal|title=Tarkovsky's Choice |author=Lasica, Tom |journal=[[Sight & Sound]] |date=March 1993 |volume=3 |issue=3 |url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~tstronds/nostalghia.com/TheTopics/Tarkovsky-TopTen.html |access-date=1 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214101036/http://people.ucalgary.ca/~tstronds/nostalghia.com/TheTopics/Tarkovsky-TopTen.html |archive-date=14 February 2014}}</ref> Indian filmmaker [[Satyajit Ray]] said about Chaplin "If there is any name which can be said to symbolise cinema{{snd}}it is Charlie Chaplin… I am sure Chaplin's name will survive even if the cinema ceases to exist as a medium of artistic expression. Chaplin is truly immortal."<ref>{{cite web|title=Ray's Views|url=https://satyajitrayworld.org/rays_view.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924052756/http://satyajitrayworld.org/rays_view.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=24 September 2016|website=Satyajit Ray world.org}}</ref> French auteur [[Jean Renoir]]'s favourite filmmaker was Chaplin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jean Renoir:The not so simple man|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/jean-renoir-the-not-so-simple-man-6111144.html|website=Independent|date=20 January 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Chaplin Revue|url=https://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2010/01/19/the-chaplin-revue/|website=MoMA}}</ref>
[[File:Hombre_disfrazado_de_Charlot_delante_del_Gran_Casino_de_San_Sebastián_(1_de_2)_-_Fondo_Car-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg|thumb|A Chaplin impersonator and his audience in [[San Sebastián]], Spain, in 1919]]

Chaplin also strongly influenced the work of later comedians. [[Marcel Marceau]] said he was inspired to become a mime artist after watching Chaplin,<ref name="silent clowns"/> while the actor [[Raj Kapoor]] based his screen persona on the Tramp.<ref name="story of film"/> Mark Cousins has also detected Chaplin's comedic style in the French character [[Monsieur Hulot]] and the Italian character [[Totò]].<ref name="story of film"/> In other fields, Chaplin helped inspire the cartoon characters [[Felix the Cat]]{{sfn|Canemaker|pp=38, 78}} and [[Mickey Mouse]],{{sfn|Jackson|pp=439–444}} and was an influence on the [[Dada]] art movement.{{sfn|Simmons|pp=8–11}} As one of the founding members of United Artists, Chaplin also had a role in the development of the film industry. Gerald Mast has written that although UA never became a major company like [[MGM]] or [[Paramount Pictures]], the idea that directors could produce their own films was "years ahead of its time".{{sfn|Mast|p=100}}

In 1992, the ''[[Sight & Sound]]'' Critics' Top Ten Poll ranked Chaplin at No. 5 in its list of "Top 10 Directors" of all time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sight and Sound Poll 1992: Critics |publisher=[[California Institute of Technology]] |url=http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~ejohnson/sight/1992_1.html |access-date=29 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618053015/http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~ejohnson/sight/1992_1.html |archive-date=18 June 2015 }}</ref> In the 21st century, several of Chaplin's films are still regarded as classics and among the greatest ever made. The 2012 ''[[Sight & Sound]]'' poll, which compiles "top ten" ballots from film critics and directors to determine each group's most acclaimed films,
saw ''City Lights'' rank among the critics' top 50, ''Modern Times'' inside the top 100, and ''The Great Dictator'' and ''The Gold Rush'' placed in the top 250.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Greatest Films Poll: Critics Top 250 Films |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/critics |work=Sight & Sound |publisher=British Film Institute |access-date=31 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207035347/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/critics |archive-date= 7 February 2016}}</ref> The top 100 films as voted on by directors included ''Modern Times'' at number 22, ''City Lights'' at number 30, and ''The Gold Rush'' at number 91.<ref>{{cite web|title=Directors' Top 100 Films |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/directors |publisher=British Film Institute |access-date=8 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209010504/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/directors |archive-date= 9 February 2016}}</ref> Every one of Chaplin's features received a vote.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Greatest Films Poll: All Films |work=Sight & Sound |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/films |publisher=British Film Institute |access-date=31 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205070805/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/films |archive-date= 5 February 2016}}</ref> Chaplin was ranked at No. 35 on ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' magazine's "Top 40 Greatest Directors of All-Time" list in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=Greatest Film Directors and Their Best Films |publisher=[[Filmsite.org]] |url=http://www.filmsite.org/directors5.html |access-date=19 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419022028/http://www.filmsite.org/directors1.html|archive-date=19 April 2015 }}</ref> In 2007, the [[American Film Institute]] named ''City Lights'' the 11th [[AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|greatest American film of all time]], while ''The Gold Rush'' and ''Modern Times'' again ranked in the top 100.<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{spaces}}... 100 Movies – 10th Anniversary Edition |url=http://www.afi.com/100Years/movies10.aspx |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=8 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818175815/http://www.afi.com/100Years/movies10.aspx |archive-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> Books about Chaplin continue to be published regularly, and he is a popular subject for media scholars and film archivists.{{sfnm|1a1=Louvish|1p=xvi|2a1=Maland|2y=1989|2pp=xi, 359, 370}} Many of Chaplin's films have had a DVD and [[Blu-ray]] release.<ref>{{cite web |title=DVDs, United States |url=http://www.charliechaplin.com/en/us/dvds |publisher=Charlie Chaplin |access-date=23 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224103005/http://www.charliechaplin.com/en/us/dvds |archive-date=24 December 2013}}
{{cite web |title=DVDs, United Kingdom |url=http://www.charliechaplin.com/en/uk/dvds |publisher=Charlie Chaplin |access-date=23 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313013148/http://www.charliechaplin.com/en/uk/dvds |archive-date=13 March 2014}}</ref>

{{anchor|Roy Export Company Establishment}}Chaplin's legacy is managed on behalf of his children by the Chaplin office, located in Paris. The office represents Association Chaplin, founded by some of his children "to protect the name, image and moral rights" to his body of work, Roy Export SAS, which owns the copyright to most of his films made after 1918, and Bubbles Incorporated S.A., which owns the copyrights to his image and name.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.charliechaplin.com/fr/contacts/articles/148-Association-Chaplin |title=Association Chaplin |publisher=Association Chaplin |access-date=13 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911033016/http://charliechaplin.com/fr/contacts/articles/148-Association-Chaplin |archive-date=11 September 2013}}; {{cite web |url=http://thelittlefellow.org/interview3.html |title=Interview with Kate Guyonvarch |publisher=Lisa K. Stein |access-date=24 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527070150/http://www.thelittlefellow.org/interview3.html |archive-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> Their central archive is held at the archives of [[Montreux]], Switzerland and scanned versions of its contents, including 83,630 images, 118 scripts, 976 manuscripts, 7,756 letters, and thousands of other documents, are available for research purposes at the Chaplin Research Centre at the [[Cineteca di Bologna]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/resources/worldwide/chaplin-archive.html |title=Chaplin Archive |publisher=British Film Institute |access-date=11 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710003742/http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/resources/worldwide/chaplin-archive.html |archive-date=10 July 2012}};{{cite web |title=Charlie Chaplin Archive |url=http://www.charliechaplinarchive.org/sito/cerca/596/ |publisher=Cineteca Bologna |access-date=11 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225224802/http://www.charliechaplinarchive.org/sito/cerca/596/ |archive-date=25 December 2015 }}</ref> The photographic archive, which includes approximately 10,000 photographs from Chaplin's life and career, is kept at the [[Musée de l'Élysée|Musée de l'Elysée]] in [[Lausanne]], Switzerland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elysee.ch/en/collections/chaplin-at-the-musee-de-lelysee/|title=Chaplin at the Musée de l'Elysée|publisher=Musée de l'Elysée|access-date=12 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105223440/http://www.elysee.ch/en/collections/chaplin-at-the-musee-de-lelysee/|archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref> The British Film Institute has also established the Charles Chaplin Research Foundation, and the first international Charles Chaplin Conference was held in London in July 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=The BFI Charles Chaplin Conference July 2005 |url=http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/programme/conference/ |work=Charlie Chaplin |publisher=British Film Institute |access-date=11 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105205524/http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/programme/conference/ |archive-date= 5 November 2013}}</ref> Elements for many of Chaplin's films are held by the [[Academy Film Archive]] as part of the Roy Export Chaplin Collection.<ref>{{cite web|title=Roy Export Chaplin Collection|url=https://www.oscars.org/film-archive/collections/roy-export-chaplin-collection|website=Academy Film Archive|date=5 September 2014}}</ref>