Editing Cervical cancer (section)

===United States===
[[File:CDC health disparities for cervical cancer PSA.jpg|thumb|A [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] public service announcement about cervical cancer health disparities in the United States.]]

A 2007 survey of American women found 40% had heard of HPV infection and less than half of those knew it causes cervical cancer.<ref name=pmid17267388>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tiro JA, Meissner HI, Kobrin S, Chollette V | title = What do women in the U.S. know about human papillomavirus and cervical cancer? | journal = Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 288–294 | date = February 2007 | pmid = 17267388 | doi = 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0756 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Over a longitudinal study from 1975 to 2000, it was found that people of lower socioeconomic census brackets had higher rates of late-stage cancer diagnosis and higher morbidity rates. After controlling for stage, there still existed differences in survival rates.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Singh GK, Miller BA, Hankey BF, Edwards BK | title = Persistent area socioeconomic disparities in U.S. incidence of cervical cancer, mortality, stage, and survival, 1975–2000 | journal = Cancer | volume = 101 | issue = 5 | pages = 1051–1057 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15329915 | doi = 10.1002/cncr.20467 | s2cid = 26033629 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Women in the US experience [[Social stigma|stigma]] around HPV infection, vaccination, and cervical cancer. This is predominantly driven by fear of social judgment and rejection, self-blame, and shame, with notable negative influences from gender and social norms, as both [[human papillomavirus]] infection and cervical cancer were stigmatized due to the perception that they arise from reckless behavior such as having multiple sexual partners or neglecting screening.<ref name="pmid34662598">{{cite journal |vauthors=Peterson CE, Silva A, Goben AH, Ongtengco NP, Hu EZ, Khanna D, Nussbaum ER, Jasenof IG, Kim SJ, Dykens JA |date=December 2021 |title=Stigma and cervical cancer prevention: A scoping review of the U.S. literature |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/16926994 |journal=Prev Med |volume=153 |issue= |page=106849 |doi=10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106849 |pmid=34662598 |s2cid=239027566}}</ref>