Editing Calabria (section)

==Language==
{{Main|Languages of Calabria}}
[[File:Carta Occitania.pdf|thumb|La Gàrdia (Guardia Piemontese) and the other main cities of [[Occitania]], in the [[Occitan language|Occitan]] language]]

Although the official national language of Calabria has been Standard Italian since before unification in 1861, Calabria has dialects that have been spoken in the region for centuries. The Calabrian language is a direct derivative of Latin. Most linguists divide the various [[dialects of Calabria|dialects]] into two different language groups. In the northern area of the region,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/scn/23 |title=report for language code:sic<!-- Titre généré automatiquement --> |access-date=15 September 2020 |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916233112/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/scn/23 |url-status=live }}</ref> the Calabrian dialects are considered part of the [[Neapolitan language]] and are grouped as Northern Calabrian. In the rest of the region, the Calabrian dialects are often grouped as Central and Southern Calabrian, and are considered part of the [[Sicilian language]]. However, in [[Guardia Piemontese]], as well as some quarters of Reggio Calabria, a variety of [[Occitan language|Occitan]] called [[Gardiol]] can also be found. In addition, since Calabria was once ruled by the French and Spanish, some Calabrian dialects exhibit Spanish and French influences.
Another important linguistic minority, in the nine towns of [[Bovesia|Bovesìa]] in the province of [[Reggio Calabria]], speaks a derivative of [[ancient Greek]] called [[Griko language|Grecanico]], a remnant of [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] rule and ancient [[Magna Graecia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eu.greekreporter.com/2019/12/10/calabrian-greek-a-language-on-the-brink-of-extinction/ |title=Calabrian Greek, a Language on the Brink of Extinction |work=Greek Reporter |first=Kerry |last=Kolasa-Sikiaridi |date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=August 31, 2021 |archive-date=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930061714/https://eu.greekreporter.com/2019/12/10/calabrian-greek-a-language-on-the-brink-of-extinction/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Religion===
The majority of Calabrians are [[Roman Catholic]]. Historically, Calabrians were [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]], and in 732 the dioceses of southern Italy were even moved to the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople. There are also communities of [[Evangelical]]s in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rabbibarbara.com/secret-jews-evangelical-christians/ |title=Secret Jews Evangelical Christians |access-date=8 February 2021 |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127100019/https://www.rabbibarbara.com/secret-jews-evangelical-christians/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Calabria has also been called "The Land of Saints" as the region was the birthplace of many saints spanning nearly 2,000 years.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/oeitaly.htm |title=Orthodox Europe :: Italy |website=orthodoxengland.org.uk |access-date=28 February 2016 |archive-date=28 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128083018/http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/oeitaly.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://orthochristian.com/7354.html |title=Orthodox Christianity in Southern Italy. Part 1 |website=OrthoChristian.Com |access-date=8 February 2021 |archive-date=2 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702123302/http://orthochristian.com/7354.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.roadtoemmaus.net/back_issue_articles/RTE_30/Land_That_Gave_Birth_To_Saints.pdf |title=A JOURNAL OF ORTHODOX FAITH AND CULTURE – Road to Emmaus |access-date=28 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220080647/http://www.roadtoemmaus.net/back_issue_articles/RTE_30/Land_That_Gave_Birth_To_Saints.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://modeoflife.org/calabria-italys-holy-mountains-the-link-between-east-and-west/ |title=CALABRIA: ITALY'S HOLY MOUNTAINS |date=28 June 2012 |access-date=15 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202103436/http://modeoflife.org/calabria-italys-holy-mountains-the-link-between-east-and-west/ |archive-date=2 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The most famous saint in Calabria and also the patron saint of the region is St. [[Francis of Paola]]. Calabria also has another patron saint called Saint [[Bruno of Cologne]] who was the founder of the [[Carthusian]] Order. Saint Bruno would build the charterhouse of [[Serra San Bruno]], a town which bears his name, in 1095 and later die there in 1101.

Even though it is currently a very small community, there has been a long history of the presence of [[History of the Jews in Calabria|Jews in Calabria]]. The Jews have had a presence in the region for at least 1600 years and possibly as much as 2300 years. Calabrian Jews have had notably influence on many areas of Jewish life and culture. Although virtually identical to the Jews of Sicily, the Jews of Calabria are considered a distinct Jewish population due to historical and geographic considerations. There is a small community of Italian [[Anusim]] who have resumed the Jewish faith.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishroots.it/ |title=Center for the Study of Jewry in Calabria and Sicily |access-date=11 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612053046/http://www.jewishroots.it/ |archive-date=12 June 2010}}</ref>

It is important to highlight the presence of Calabrians in [[Renaissance humanism]] and in the [[Renaissance]]. Indeed, the Hellenistics in this period frequently came from Calabria maybe because of the Greek influence. The rediscovery of Ancient Greek was very difficult because this language had been almost forgotten. In this period the presence of Calabrian humanists or refugees from Constantinople was fundamental. The study of Ancient Greek, in this period, was mainly a work of two monks of the monastery of [[Seminara]]: [[Barlaam of Calabria|Barlaam]], [[bishop of Gerace]], and his disciple, [[Leonzio Pilato]]. [[Leonzio Pilato]], in particular, was a Calabrian born near [[Reggio Calabria]]. He was an important teacher of Ancient Greek and translator, and he helped [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] in the translations of [[Homer]]'s works.