Editing Basque language (section)

=== Relationship to other languages ===
====Proto-Indo-European====
* {{Cite web| last = Blevins| first = Juliette| title = Advances in Proto-Basque Reconstruction with Evidence for the Proto-Indo-European-Euskarian Hypothesis| work = Routledge & CRC Press| access-date = 2024-03-27| date = 2018| url = https://www.routledge.com/Advances-in-Proto-Basque-Reconstruction-with-Evidence-for-the-Proto-Indo-European-Euskarian-Hypothesis/Blevins/p/book/9780367417291}}

==== General reviews of the theories ====
* Jacobsen, William H. Jr. (1999): "[http://dwgateway.library.unr.edu/reserves/jacobsenbasquebasque.pdf Basque Language Origin Theories]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}" In ''Basque Cultural Studies'', edited by William A. Douglass, Carmelo Urza, Linda White, and Joseba Zulaika, 27–43. Basque Studies Program Occasional Papers Series, No. 5. Reno: Basque Studies Program, University of Nevada, Reno.
* Lakarra Andrinua, Joseba (1998): "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110717181605/http://www.uztaro.com/uztaro_fitxategiak/511_uztaro25_3.pdf Hizkuntzalaritza konparatua eta aitzineuskararen erroa]" (in Basque), ''Uztaro'' 25, pp.&nbsp;47–110, (includes review of older theories).
* Lakarra Andrinua, Joseba (1999): "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110717181509/http://www.uztaro.com/uztaro_fitxategiak/595_uztaro31_2.pdf Ná-De-Ná]" (in Basque), ''Uztaro'' 31, pp.&nbsp;15–84.
* Trask, R.L. (1995): "Origin and Relatives of the Basque Language : Review of the Evidence" in Towards a History of the Basque Language, ed. J. Hualde, J. Lakarra, R.L. Trask, John Benjamins, Amsterdam / Philadelphia.
* Trask, R.L.: ''History of Basque''. New York/London: Routledge, 1996. {{ISBN|0-415-13116-2}}; pp.&nbsp;358–414.

==== Afroasiatic hypothesis ====
* Schuchardt, Hugo (1913): "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110718171520/http://hedatuz.euskomedia.org/4881/1/07289340.pdf Baskisch-Hamitische wortvergleichungen]" ''Revista Internacional de Estudios Vascos'' = "Revue Internationale des Etudes Basques" 7:289–340.
* Mukarovsky, Hans Guenter (1964/66): "Les rapports du basque et du berbère", ''Comptes rendus du GLECS (Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Sémitiques)'' 10:177–184.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Mukarovsky | first1 = Hans Guenter | year = 1972 | title = El vascuense y el bereber | journal = Euskera | volume = 17 | pages = 5–48 }}
* Trombetti, Alfredo (1925): ''Le origini della lingua basca'', Bologna, (new edit {{ISBN|978-88-271-0062-2}}).

==== Dené–Caucasian hypothesis ====
* Bengtson, John D. (1999): ''The Comparison of Basque and North Caucasian.'' in: ''[[Mother Tongue (journal)|Mother Tongue]].'' ''Journal of the Association for the Study of Language in Prehistory''. Gloucester, Mass.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Bengtson | first1 = John D | year = 2003 | title = Notes on Basque Comparative Phonology | url = http://jdbengt.net/articles/MotherTongueVIII.pdf| journal = Mother Tongue | volume = VIII | pages = 23–39 }}
* Bengtson, John D. (2004): "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110728041607/http://jdbengt.net/articles/CILL30a.pdf Some features of Dene–Caucasian phonology (with special reference to Basque)]." [[Cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain]] (CILL) 30.4, pp.&nbsp;33–54.
* Bengtson, John D.. (2006): "Materials for a Comparative Grammar of the Dene–Caucasian (Sino-Caucasian) Languages." (there is also a [https://web.archive.org/web/20110810015721/http://www.nostratic.ru/books/%28221%29bengtson%20-%20comparative%20grammar.pdf preliminary draft])
* Bengtson, John D. (1997): Review of "The History of Basque". London: Routledge, 1997. Pp.xxii,458" by R.L. Trask.
* Bengtson, John D., (1996): "A Final (?) Response to the Basque Debate in Mother Tongue 1."
* {{cite journal | last1 = Trask | first1 = R.L. | year = 1995 | title = Basque and Dene–Caucasian: A Critique from the Basque Side | journal = [[Mother Tongue (journal)|Mother Tongue]] | volume = 1 | pages = 3–82 }}

==== Caucasian hypothesis ====
* Bouda, Karl (1950): "[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20111218060006/http://www.euskomedia.org/PDFAnlt/congresos/07/07663672.pdf L'Euskaro-Caucasique]" ''Boletín de la Real Sociedad Vasca de Amigos del País. Homenaje a D. Julio de Urquijo e Ybarra'' vol. III, San Sebastián, pp.&nbsp;207–232.
* Klimov, Georgij A. (1994): ''[http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/personal/jg/pdf/jg1992d1.pdf Einführung in die kaukasische Sprachwissenschaft]'', Buske, Hamburg, {{ISBN|3-87548-060-0}}; pp.&nbsp;208–215.
* {{cite journal |last1=Lafon |first1=René |year=1951 |title=Concordances morphologiques entre le basque et les langues caucasiques |language=fr |trans-title=Morphological concordances between Basque and languages |journal=Word |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=227–244 |doi=10.1080/00437956.1951.11659408|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Lafon |first1=René |year=1952 |title=Études basques et caucasiques |language=fr |trans-title=Basque and Caucasian studies |journal=Word |volume=8 |pages=80–94 |doi=10.1080/00437956.1952.11659423|doi-access=free }}
* Trombetti, Alfredo (1925): ''Le origini della lingua basca'', Bologna, (new edit {{ISBN|978-88-271-0062-2}}).
* Míchelena, Luis (1968): "L'euskaro-caucasien" in Martinet, A. (ed.) ''Le langage'', Paris, pp.&nbsp;1414–1437 (criticism).
* Uhlenbeck, Christian Cornelius (1924): "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110718171602/http://hedatuz.euskomedia.org/333/1/15565588.pdf De la possibilité d' une parenté entre le basque et les langues caucasiques]", ''Revista Internacional de los Estudios Vascos'' = ''Revue Internationale des Etudes Basques'' 15, pp.&nbsp;565–588.
* Zelikov, Mixail (2005): "[https://web.archive.org/web/20071214021724/http://www2.unil.ch/slav/ling/recherche/biblio/05MarrCB/Zelikov.pdf L'hypothèse basco-caucasienne dans les travaux de N. Marr]" ''Cahiers de l'ILSL'', N° 20, pp.&nbsp;363–381.
* {{in lang|ru}} [[Yuri Zytsar|Зыцарь Ю. В.]] O родстве баскского языка с кавказскими // [https://web.archive.org/web/20160404095134/http://www.ruslang.ru/doc/voprosy/voprosy1955-5.pdf Вопросы языкознания. 1955. No. 5.]

==== Iberian hypothesis ====
* Bähr, Gerhard (1948): "Baskisch und Iberisch" ''Eusko Jakintza'' II, pp.&nbsp;3–20, 167–194, 381–455.
* Gorrochategui, Joaquín (1993): La onomástica aquitana y su relación con la ibérica, ''Lengua y cultura en Hispania prerromana : actas del V Coloquio sobre lenguas y culturas de la Península Ibérica: (Colonia 25–28 de Noviembre de 1989)'' (Francisco Villar and Jürgen Untermann, eds.), {{ISBN|84-7481-736-6}}, pp.&nbsp;609–634.
* Rodríguez Ramos, Jesús (2002). [http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/fichero_articulo?codigo=263566&orden=65367 La hipótesis del vascoiberismo desde el punto de vista de la epigrafía íbera], ''Fontes linguae vasconum: Studia et documenta'', 90, pp.&nbsp;197–218, {{ISSN|0046-435X}}.
* Schuchardt, Hugo Ernst Mario (1907): ''Die Iberische Deklination'', Wien.
* Villamor, Fernando (2020) ''A basic dictionary and grammar of the Iberian language''

==== Uralic-Altaic hypothesis ====
* Bonaparte, Louis Lucien (1862): ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fo8CAAAAQAAJ Langue basque et langues finnoises]'', London.

==== Vasconic-Old European hypothesis ====
* Vennemann, Theo (2003): ''Europa Vasconica – Europa Semitica'', Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 138, De Gruyter, Berlin, {{ISBN|978-3-11-017054-2}}.
* Vennemann, Theo (2007): "Basken wie wir: Linguistisches und Genetisches zum europäischen Stammbaum", ''BiologenHeute'' 5/6, 6–11.

==== Other theories ====
* Thornton, R.W. (2002): ''Basque Parallels to Greenberg's Eurasiatic.'' in: ''[[Mother Tongue (journal)|Mother Tongue]].'' Gloucester, Mass., 2002.