Editing 1990s (section)

==Popular culture==
<gallery widths="190" perrow="5">
File:Nintendo 64 with Mario Kart 64 cartridge 20040725.jpg|The [[fourth generation of video game consoles|fourth]] and [[fifth generation of video game consoles]] like [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]], [[Sega Genesis]] and [[Sega Saturn|Saturn]], and [[Super Nintendo]] and [[Nintendo 64|N64]] (pictured) were a hit in the 1990s. Video games like ''Super Mario'' ''[[Super Mario World|World]]'' and ''[[Super Mario 64|64]]'', ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog (1991 video game)|Sonic The Hedgehog]],'' ''[[Street Fighter II]], [[Mortal Kombat (1992 video game)|Mortal Kombat]], [[Donkey Kong Country]]'', ''[[GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)|Goldeneye 007]]'', ''[[Final Fantasy VII]]'', ''[[Gran Turismo (1997 video game)|Gran Turismo]]'', ''[[Crash Bandicoot (video game)|Crash Bandicoot]]'', ''[[Spyro the Dragon|Spyro The Dragon]], [[Metal Gear Solid (1998 video game)|Metal Gear Solid]], [[Resident Evil (1996 video game)|Resident Evil]], [[Half-Life (video game)|Half-Life]],'' and ''[[Doom (1993 video game)|Doom]]'' were all popular.
File:Dreamcast-Console-Set.png|The [[Dreamcast]] ([[Sega]]'s final video game console) launched in Japan in 1998, and launched in North America and Europe the following year. The system saw the release of games like ''[[Sonic Adventure]]'' and ''[[Soulcalibur (video game)|Soulcalibur]]''.
File:The Simpsons Ride at Universal Studios Florida.jpg|Popular animated TV shows of the 1990s included ''[[Doug (TV series)|Doug]]'', ''[[Rugrats]]'', ''[[The Ren & Stimpy Show]]'', ''[[Beavis and Butt-Head]]'', ''[[Daria]]'', ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'', ''[[Hey Arnold!]]'', ''[[Tiny Toon Adventures]]'', ''[[Animaniacs]]'', ''[[Pinky and the Brain]]'', ''[[The Simpsons]],'' ''[[Dexter's Laboratory]]'', ''[[Johnny Bravo]]'', ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'', and ''[[Eek! The Cat]]''.
File:Jerry Seinfeld Julia Louis-Dreyfus2.jpg|TV shows like ''[[Seinfeld]]'', ''[[Frasier]]'', ''[[The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air]]'', ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', ''[[Friends]]'', ''[[The X-Files]]'', ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]'', ''[[Beverly Hills, 90210]]'', ''[[Mr. Bean]]'', ''[[Home Improvement (TV series)|Home Improvement]]'', ''[[Baywatch]]'', ''[[Cops (TV program)|Cops]]'', ''[[Wings (1990 TV series)|Wings]]'', ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', and ''[[Law & Order]]'' were popular in the 1990s.
File:Nirvana around 1992.jpg|[[Grunge]] was a genre of music and subculture popular in the 1990s, as modeled here by [[Krist Novoselic]] (left) and [[Kurt Cobain]] of the band [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], one of the most influential bands of the decade. [[Pearl Jam]], [[Soundgarden]] and [[Alice in Chains]] were also popular bands of this genre. 
File:Early internet (cropped).png|Technological advancements like the [[internet]], [[personal computer]]s, and the [[World Wide Web]] were popular in the 1990s. The [[Year 2000 problem|Y2K bug]] in the late 1990s affected popular culture. Y2K was a computer bug occurring when computers switched from the years 1999 to 2000, some computers reset to 1900.
File:IMac G3 Bondi Blue, three-quarters view.png|The futuristic [[Y2K aesthetic]] was popular in the late 1990s and early 2000s, named after the Y2K bug. This period was defined by then-new technology such as the [[iMac G3]], [[digital camera]]s, and fashion such as shiny metallic clothing.
File:Crystal Pepsi 20oz.jpg|[[Crystal Pepsi]] was a popular drink in the 1990s, which was re-released for a limited run in the summer of 2016. Drinks like [[Surge (drink)|Surge]] released in 1997 and were also popular in the 1990s. 
File:VHS-Video-Tape-Top-Flat.jpg|In the 1990s [[videotape]]s were used for personal home video recordings and recording television airings. VHS tapes could be put in devices such as [[videocassette recorder|VCR]]s, which were popular in the decade. 
File:PokemonRedBlueYellowBack.jpg|''[[Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow]]'' released in the late 1990s, which launched the globally popular ''[[Pokémon]]'' franchise, pictured above the GameBoy cartridges. 
File:Barcelona AUGUST 1992 the Olympic Games (Juegos Olímpicos de Barcelona 1992) - panoramio.jpg|Five [[Olympic Games]] were held in the 1990s, [[1992 Winter Olympics|Albertville]] and [[1992 Summer Olympics|Barcelona in 1992]], [[1994 Winter Olympics|Lillehammer in 1994]], [[1996 Summer Olympics|Atlanta in 1996]] and [[1998 Winter Olympics|Nagano in 1998]] (all held in the post-Cold War decade).
File:RoyE.DisneyAnimationBuilding.jpg |The "[[Disney Renaissance]]" of the 1990s produced critically and commercially successful animated films like the first ever CGI motion picture ''[[Toy Story]]'' (produced with [[Pixar]]), and traditionally animated films such as ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' and ''[[The Lion King]]'', later it was adapted into [[List of remakes and adaptations of Disney animated films|live-action remakes]].
File:President Clinton and SDLP leader John Hume 02.jpg|US President [[Bill Clinton]] merged with popular culture in the 1990s. Bill Clinton played saxophone on ''[[The Arsenio Hall Show]]'', and the [[Clinton–Lewinsky scandal]] made TV headlines in 1998.
File:Tokyo Shibuya Scramble Crossing 2018-10-09.jpg|[[Shibuya]] became [[Tokyo]]'s popular youth hangout in the 1990s, part of the [[Heisei era|Heisei Power]] cultural movement during the [[Lost Decades]] in Japan.
File:RELAP Desktop View.jpg|Popular computing software like [[Windows 95]] and [[Windows 98|98]] by [[Microsoft]] defined 1990s aesthetics.
File:PulpFictionPosterSpoof.jpg|In the 1990s crime and spy comedy films were extremely popular like [[Wild at Heart (film)|''Wild at Heart'']], ''[[Hana-bi]]'', ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'' (depicted), [[L.A. Confidential (film)|''L.A. Confidential'']], ''[[New Jack City]]'', ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'', ''[[Menace II Society]]'', ''[[Goodfellas]]'', and the ''[[Austin Powers]]'' film series.
File:Google 1998.jpg|The 1990s saw the use of earlier internet search engines, such as [[Google]] in its infancy, [[JumpStation]], [[Ask.com]], and [[AltaVista]]. 
File:TLC 2016.jpg|In the 1990s [[girl group]]s such as [[TLC (group)|TLC]] (pictured), [[Destiny's Child]], and [[The Spice Girls]] gained popularity. These bands are among the highest selling girl groups of all time. 
</gallery>

===Film===
{{Main|1990s in film}}'''Live-action films'''[[File:Titanic Movie Cinema shooting. Airstar Lighting balloons.jpg|thumb|The highest-grossing film of the decade was [[James Cameron]]'s ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' (1997), which remains one of the [[List of highest-grossing films|highest-grossing films of all time]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-27 |title=Titanic - Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |access-date=2022-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=27 October 2019 }}</ref>]]

[[Dogme 95]] became an important European artistic motion picture movement by the decade's end. Also in 1998, ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' by director [[James Cameron]] (released in late 1997) became the highest-grossing film of all time, grossing over $1.8 billion worldwide. It would hold this record for over a decade until 2010 when James Cameron's ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (released in December 2009), took the title.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512195659/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm |archive-date=12 May 2009 |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref>

[[Crime films]] were also extremely popular during the 1990s and garnered several awards throughout the decade, such as ''[[Wild at Heart (film)|Wild at Heart]]'', ''[[Goodfellas]]'', ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'', ''[[Fargo (1996 film)|Fargo]]'', ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'', ''[[Heat (1995 film)|Heat]]'', ''[[The Godfather Part III]]'', ''[[Seven (1995 film)|Seven]]'', ''[[Trainspotting (film)|Trainspotting]]'', ''[[A Simple Plan (film)|A Simple Plan]]'', and many others.

Live-action films featuring computer-animated characters became popular, with films such as ''[[Casper (film)|Casper]]'', ''[[James and the Giant Peach (film)|James and the Giant Peach]]'', ''[[101 Dalmatians (1996 film)|101 Dalmatians]]'', ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]'', ''[[Small Soldiers]]'' and ''[[Stuart Little (film)|Stuart Little]]'' proving financially successful. Live-action/traditional cel animated film featuring traditional characters like ''[[Cool World]]'', ''[[The Pagemaster]]'' and ''[[Space Jam]]'' were prevalent as well.

In Argentina, a new artistic movement appeared in the filmmaking scene, called ''[[:es:Nuevo_cine_argentino|Nuevo Cine Argentino]],'' which would be greatly influential in [[Cinema of Latin America|Latin American cinema]]. 

'''Animated films'''

In 1994, former Disney employee [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] founded [[DreamWorks SKG]], which would produce its first two animated films: ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' and ''[[Antz]]'' which were both aimed more at adults than children and were both critically and commercially successful. ''[[Toy Story]]'', the first full-length [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] movie, made by [[Pixar]], was released in 1995 and revolutionized animated films. In 1998, with the release of [[DreamWorks Pictures|DreamWorks]]'s ''[[Antz]]'' and Pixar's ''[[A Bug's Life]]'', the rivalry between DreamWorks and Pixar began between the studios due to the similarities between both films.

Meanwhile, films by Pixar's parent company, [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] became popular once more when the studio returned to making family-oriented animated musical films. [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Disney Animation]] was navigating the "[[Disney Renaissance]]", through both animated theatrical films and animated television series on the [[Disney Channel]] (owned by [[Disney General Entertainment Content|Walt Disney Television]]). The "Disney Renaissance" began with ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 1989 and ended with ''[[Tarzan (1999 film)|Tarzan]]'' in 1999. Films of this era include ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'', ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]],'' ''[[The Lion King]], [[Pocahontas (1995 film)|Pocahontas]], [[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]], [[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]],'' and ''[[Mulan (1998 film)|Mulan]]''.

Japanese [[anime]] films remained popular throughout the 1990s with the release of [[Studio Ghibli]] films such as ''[[Only Yesterday (1991 film)|Only Yesterday]]'', ''[[Porco Rosso]]'', ''[[Pom Poko]]'', ''[[Whisper of the Heart]]'', ''[[Princess Mononoke]]'' (which became the highest-grossing anime film at the time) and ''[[My Neighbors the Yamadas]]''. Other significant anime films which gained cult status include ''[[Roujin Z]]'', ''[[Ramayana: The Legend of Prince Rama]]'', ''[[Patlabor 2: The Movie]]'', ''[[Ninja Scroll]]'', ''[[Street Fighter II: The Animated Movie]]'', ''[[Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]'', ''[[Memories (1995 film)|Memories]]'', ''[[The End of Evangelion]]'', ''[[Perfect Blue]]'', ''[[Jin-Roh: The Wolf Brigade]]'', and the [[List of Pokémon films|''Pokémon'' film series]], which started with ''[[Pokémon: The First Movie]]''.

Other significant animated films have also gained cult status, such as ''[[Jetsons: The Movie|The Jetsons Movie]]'', ''[[The Princess and the Goblin (film)|The Princess and the Goblin]]'', ''[[Happily Ever After (1990 film)|Happily Ever After]]'', ''[[An American Tail: Fievel Goes West]]'', ''[[Ferngully: The Last Rainforest]]'', ''[[Tom and Jerry: The Movie]]'', ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]'', ''[[Once Upon a Forest]]'', ''[[We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)|We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story]]'', ''[[Batman: Mask of the Phantasm]]'', ''[[Felidae (film)|Felidae]]'', ''[[The Swan Princess]]'', ''[[A Goofy Movie]]'', ''[[Balto (film)|Balto]]'', ''[[Beavis and Butt-Head Do America]]'', ''[[Cats Don't Dance]]'', ''[[Anastasia (1997 film)|Anastasia]]'', ''[[Quest for Camelot]]'', ''[[The Rugrats Movie]]'', ''[[Kirikou and the Sorceress]]'', ''[[The King and I (1999 film)|The King and I]]'', ''[[South Park: Bigger, Longer, Uncut]]'' and ''[[The Iron Giant]]''. Family-centric animated feature films began to gain popularity through the late-1990s ([[List of animated feature films of 1997|1997]], [[List of animated feature films of 1998|1998]], and [[List of animated feature films of 1999|1999]]). [[Don Bluth]]'s [[Sullivan Bluth Studios|animation studio]] released a number of underperforming family animated films such as ''[[Rock-a-Doodle]]'', ''[[Thumbelina (1994 film)|Thumbelina]]'' and ''[[The Pebble and the Penguin]]'' and closed down in 1995.

In India, [[Shah Rukh Khan]] got rise in his stardom by [[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]], [[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]] and [[Dil To Pagal Hai]].{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

====Award winners====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:9%"|Award
! style="width:9%"|1990
! style="width:9%"|1991
! style="width:9%"|1992
! style="width:9%"|1993
! style="width:9%"|1994
! style="width:9%"|1995
! style="width:9%"|1996
! style="width:9%"|1997
! style="width:9%"|1998
! style="width:9%"|1999
|-
| '''Academy Award for Best Picture winners'''
| ''[[Dances with Wolves]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1991|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1991|website=Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=4 October 2014 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>
| ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1992|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992|website=Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=9 October 2014 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>
| ''[[Unforgiven]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1993|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1993|website=Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=4 October 2014 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>
| ''[[Schindler's List]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1994|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1994|website=Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=4 October 2014 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>
| ''[[Forrest Gump]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1995|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1995|website=Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=5 October 2014 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>
| ''[[Braveheart]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1996|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1996|website=Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=5 October 2014 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>
| ''[[The English Patient (film)|The English Patient]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1997|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1997|website=Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=5 October 2014 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>
| ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1998|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1998|website=Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=5 October 2014 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>
| ''[[Shakespeare in Love]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1999|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1999|website=Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=18 November 2016 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>
| ''[[American Beauty (1999 film)|American Beauty]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=2000|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2000|website=Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=22 April 2015 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
| '''''Palme d'Or'' winners at the Cannes Film Festival'''
| ''[[Wild at Heart (film)|Wild at Heart]]''<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maslin|first1=Janet|author-link=Janet Maslin|title=David Lynch Film Takes the Top Prize at Cannes Festival|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/22/movies/david-lynch-film-takes-the-top-prize-at-cannes-festival.html|access-date=5 July 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=22 May 1990}}</ref>
| ''[[Barton Fink]]''<ref>{{cite news|last=Canby|first=Vincent|author-link=Vincent Canby|title='Barton Fink' Wins the Top Prize And 2 Others at Cannes Festival|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/21/movies/barton-fink-wins-the-top-prize-and-2-others-at-cannes-festival.html|access-date=5 July 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=21 May 1991}}</ref>
| ''[[The Best Intentions]]''<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maslin|first1=Janet|author-link=Janet Maslin|title=Swedish Film Is No. 1 at Cannes; Tim Robbins Wins Acting Prize|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/19/movies/swedish-film-is-no-1-at-cannes-tim-robbins-wins-acting-prize.html|access-date=5 July 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=19 May 1992}}</ref>
| ''[[Farewell My Concubine (film)|Farewell My Concubine]]'' and ''[[The Piano]]''<ref>{{cite news|last=Canby|first=Vincent|author-link=Vincent Canby|title=Top Prize at Cannes Is Shared|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/25/movies/top-prize-at-cannes-is-shared.html|access-date=5 July 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=25 May 1993}}</ref>
| ''[[Pulp Fiction]]''<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maslin|first1=Janet|author-link=Janet Maslin|title=A Dark Comedy Wins at Cannes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/24/movies/a-dark-comedy-wins-at-cannes.html|access-date=5 July 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=24 May 1994}}</ref>
| ''[[Underground (1995 film)|Underground]]''<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maslin|first1=Janet|author-link=Janet Maslin|title=2 Films on Strife in Balkans Win Top Prizes at Cannes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/29/movies/2-films-on-strife-in-balkans-win-top-prizes-at-cannes.html|access-date=5 July 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=29 May 1995}}</ref>
| ''[[Secrets & Lies (film)|Secrets & Lies]]''<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maslin|first1=Janet|author-link=Janet Maslin|title=Secrets and Lies' Wins the Top Prize at Cannes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/21/movies/secrets-and-lies-wins-the-top-prize-at-cannes.html|access-date=5 July 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=21 May 1996}}</ref>
| ''[[Taste of Cherry]]'' and ''[[The Eel (film)|The Eel]]''<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maslin|first1=Janet|author-link=Janet Maslin|title=Pensiveness, Not Glitz, Gets The Gold at Cannes Festival|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/19/movies/pensiveness-not-glitz-gets-the-gold-at-cannes-festival.html|access-date=5 July 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=19 May 1997}}</ref>
| ''[[Eternity and a Day]]''<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maslin|first1=Janet|author-link=Janet Maslin|title=Greek Director Wins Top Prize at Cannes Festival|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/25/movies/greek-director-wins-top-prize-at-cannes-festival.html|access-date=5 July 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=25 May 1998}}</ref>
| ''[[Rosetta (film)|Rosetta]]''<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maslin|first1=Janet|author-link=Janet Maslin|title=A Belgian Film Wins Top Prize at the Cannes Festival|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/24/movies/a-belgian-film-wins-top-prize-at-the-cannes-festival.html|access-date=5 July 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=24 May 1998}}</ref>
|-
| '''César Award for Best Film winners'''
| ''[[Cyrano de Bergerac (1990 film)|Cyrano de Bergerac]]''
| ''[[Tous les Matins du Monde|Tous les matin du monde]]''
| ''[[Savage Nights]]''
| ''[[Smoking/No Smoking]]''
| ''[[Wild Reeds]]''
| ''[[La haine]]''
| ''[[Ridicule (film)|Ridicule]]''
| ''[[Same Old Song]]''
| ''[[The Dreamlife of Angels]]''
| ''[[Venus Beauty Institute]]''
|-
| '''''Golden Lion'' winners at the Venice Film Festival'''
| ''[[Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film)|Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead]]''
| ''[[Close to Eden]]''
| ''[[The Story of Qiu Ju]]''
| ''[[Short Cuts]]'' and ''[[Three Colours: Blue]]''
| ''[[Vive L'Amour]]'' and ''[[Before the Rain (1994 film)|Before the Rain]]''
| ''[[Cyclo (film)|Cyclo]]''
| ''[[Michael Collins (film)|Michael Collins]]''
| ''[[Hana-bi|Fireworks]]''
| ''[[The Way We Laughed]]''
| ''[[Not One Less]]''
|}

====Highest-grossing====
The 25 highest-grossing films of the decade are:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/1990/|title=Worldwide Box Office|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=10 April 2020|pages=1990–[https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/1994/ 1994], [https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/1996/ 1996]–[https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/1999/ 1999]}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 65%"
|+Films by worldwide box office
|-
!scope="col" class="unsortable"|No.
!scope="col"|Title
!scope="col"|Year
!scope="col"|Box office
|-
!1
|''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1997
|style="text-align:right;"|$1,850,197,130
|-
!2
|''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1999
|style="text-align:right;"|$924,305,084
|-
!3
|''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1993
|style="text-align:right;"|$912,667,947
|-
!4
|''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1996
|style="text-align:right;"|$817,400,891
|-
!5
|''[[The Lion King]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1994
|style="text-align:right;"|$763,455,561
|-
!6
|''[[Forrest Gump]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1994
|style="text-align:right;"|$677,387,716
|-
!7
|''[[The Sixth Sense]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1999
|style="text-align:right;"|$672,806,292
|-
!8
|''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1997
|style="text-align:right;"|$618,638,999
|-
!9
|''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1997
|style="text-align:right;"|$589,390,539
|-
!10
|''[[Armageddon (1998 film)|Armageddon]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1998
|style="text-align:right;"|$553,709,788
|-
!11
|''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1991
|style="text-align:right;"|$516,950,043
|-
!12
|''[[Ghost (1990 film)|Ghost]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1990
|style="text-align:right;"|$505,702,588
|-
!13
|''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1992
|style="text-align:right;"|$504,050,219
|-
!14
|''[[Twister (1996 film)|Twister]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1996
|style="text-align:right;"|$494,471,524
|-
!15
|''[[Toy Story 2]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1999
|style="text-align:right;"|$487,059,677
|-
!16
|''[[Saving Private Ryan]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1998
|style="text-align:right;"|$481,840,909
|-
!17
|''[[Home Alone]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1990
|style="text-align:right;"|$476,684,675
|-
!18
|''[[The Matrix]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1999
|style="text-align:right;"|$463,517,383
|-
!19
|''[[Pretty Woman]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1990
|style="text-align:right;"|$463,406,268
|-
!20
|''[[Mission: Impossible (film)|Mission: Impossible]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1996
|style="text-align:right;"|$457,696,391
|-
!21
|''[[Tarzan (1999 film)|Tarzan]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1999
|style="text-align:right;"|$448,191,819
|-
!22
|''[[Mrs. Doubtfire]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1993
|style="text-align:right;"|$441,286,195
|-
!23
|''[[Dances with Wolves]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1990
|style="text-align:right;"|$424,208,848
|-
!24
|''[[The Mummy (1999 film)|The Mummy]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1999
|style="text-align:right;"|$415,933,406
|-
!25
|''[[The Bodyguard (1992 film)|The Bodyguard]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|1992
|style="text-align:right;"|$410,945,720
|}

=== Music ===
{{main|1990s in music}}
'''Music artists and genres'''
{{multiple image
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| image2            = Celine Dion Concert Singing Taking Chances 2008.jpg
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| alt2              = Celine
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| image3            = Mariah Carey13 Edwards Dec 1998.jpg
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| alt3              = Mariah
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| footer_align      = center
| footer            = [[Whitney Houston]] (left), [[Celine Dion]] (center) and [[Mariah Carey]] (right) were three of the highest-selling and most popular female artists of the decade.
}}

Music marketing became more segmented in the 1990s, as [[MTV]] gradually shifted away from music videos and radio splintered into narrower formats aimed at various niches.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www-cgi.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/Music/08/21/omigod.80s/index.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|title='Like, Omigod!' It's the return of the '80s|date=22 August 2002|first1=Todd|last1=Leopold|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104212110/http://www-cgi.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/Music/08/21/omigod.80s/index.html|archive-date=4 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2005-07-20/entertainment/eye.ent.90s_1_box-sets-packaging-music|title=Return of the '90s|date=21 July 2005|access-date=22 March 2013|first1=Todd|last1=Leopold|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316065347/http://articles.cnn.com/2005-07-20/entertainment/eye.ent.90s_1_box-sets-packaging-music?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ|archive-date=16 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/the-ball-drops-on-the-music-industry-19991005|newspaper=Rolling Stone|title=The Ball Drops on the Music Industry|date=5 October 1999|access-date=10 December 2012|last=DeCurtis|first=Anthony}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=We Hate the 80s|first=Jeff|last=Leeds|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=13 February 2005|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/13/arts/music/13leed.html|access-date=28 April 2013}}</ref> However, the 1990s are perhaps best known for [[grunge music|grunge]], [[gangsta rap]], [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[teen pop]]; [[Eurodance]], [[electronic dance music]], the renewed popularity of [[punk rock]] from the band [[Green Day]] and their 1994 album ''[[Dookie (album)|Dookie]]'' (which would also help create a new genre [[pop punk]]), and for the entrance of [[alternative rock]] into the mainstream. [[U2]] was one of the most popular 1990s bands; their groundbreaking [[Zoo TV Tour|Zoo TV]] and [[PopMart Tour|PopMart]] tours were the top-selling tours of 1992 and 1997, respectively. [[Glam metal]] died out in the music mainstream by 1991.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.spin.com/2009/11/myth-no-2-nirvana-killed-hair-metal/?aggr_node=55990|website=Spin|title=MYTH No. 2: Nirvana Killed Hair Metal|date=10 November 2009|access-date=17 September 2011|first1=Chuch|last1=Eddy}}</ref> [[Grunge]] became popular in the early 1990s due to the success of [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]'s ''[[Nevermind]]'', [[Pearl Jam]]'s ''[[Ten (Pearl Jam album)|Ten]]'', [[Alice in Chains]]' ''[[Dirt (Alice in Chains album)|Dirt]]'', [[Soundgarden]]'s ''[[Badmotorfinger]]'' and [[Stone Temple Pilots]]' ''[[Core (Stone Temple Pilots album)|Core]]''.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/14/arts/pop-view-nirvana-bes-awaiting-fame-s-call.html|work= The New York Times|title=POP VIEW; Nirvana-bes Awaiting Fame's Call|date=14 June 1992|access-date=23 November 2011|first1=Jon|last1=Pareles}}</ref> [[Pop punk]] also becomes popular with such artists as Green Day, [[Blink-182]], [[Weezer]], [[Social Distortion]], [[the Offspring]], [[Bad Religion]], [[NOFX]] and [[Rancid (band)|Rancid]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/punk-pop-d2928|title=Music Genres|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=28 April 2020|archive-date=22 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122044938/http://allmusic.com/explore/style/punk-pop-d2928|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other successful alternative acts included [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]], [[R.E.M.]], [[Nickelback]], [[Creed (band)|Creed]], [[Radiohead]], [[Gin Blossoms]], [[Soul Asylum]], [[Third Eye Blind]], [[Faith No More]], [[the Smashing Pumpkins]], [[Live (band)|Live]], [[Everclear (band)|Everclear]], [[Bush (British band)|Bush]], [[Screaming Trees]] and [[Ween]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/07/magazine/the-gen-x-nostalgia-boom.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=My So Called Adulthood|date=4 August 2011|access-date=25 August 2011|first1=Carl|last1=Wilson}}</ref>

{{multiple image
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| image1            = Tupac graffiti New York.jpg
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| alt1              = Tupac
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| image2            = Bushwick Collective 01.jpg
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| alt2              = Biggie
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| footer_align      = center
| footer            = Murals of [[Tupac Shakur]] (left) and [[the Notorious B.I.G.]] (right), two significant cultural figures throughout the 1990s who helped popularize the genre of [[gangsta rap]].
}}

Rappers [[Salt-n-Pepa]] continued to have hit songs until 1994. [[Dr. Dre]]'s 1992 album ''[[The Chronic]]'' provided a template for modern [[gangsta rap]], and gave rise to other emerging artists of the genre, including [[Snoop Dogg]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2008/jan/03/thegoldenageofhiphop|work=The Guardian|location=UK|title=The missing link of hip-hop's golden age|date=3 January 2008|access-date=17 September 2011|first1=Allan|last1=McGee}}</ref> Due to the success of [[Death Row Records]] and Tupac Shakur, [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] gangsta rap commercially dominated hip hop during the early-to-mid 1990s, along with [[Bad Boy Records]] and the Notorious B.I.G. on the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.spin.com/2009/11/myth-no-4-biggie-tupac-are-hip-hops-pillars/|website=Spin|title=MYTH No. 4: Biggie & Tupac Are Hip-Hop's Pillars|date=9 November 2009|access-date=4 September 2011|first1=Jon|last1=Caramanica}}</ref> Hip hop became the best-selling music genre by the mid-1990s.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/oct/07/hiphop-heritage-public-enemy-krs-one|work=The Guardian|location=UK|title=The hip-hop heritage society|date=7 October 2010|access-date=8 November 2011|first1=Angus|last1=Batey}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/US/02/09/guitar.hero.gone/|work=CNN|title=The music dies for once popular 'Guitar Hero' video game|date=9 February 2011|first1=Michael|last1=Martinez|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811065922/http://articles.cnn.com/2011-02-09/us/guitar.hero.gone_1_music-genre-air-guitar-guitar-center?_s=PM%3AUS|archive-date=11 August 2011}}</ref>

1994 became a breakthrough year for [[punk rock in California]], with the success of bands like [[Bad Religion]], [[Social Distortion]], [[Blink-182]], [[Green Day]], [[the Offspring]], [[Rancid (band)|Rancid]] and similar groups following. This success would continue to grow over the next decade. The 1990s also became the most important decade for [[ska punk]]/[[reggae fusion|reggae rock]], with the success of many bands like [[Smash Mouth]], [[Buck-O-Nine]], [[Goldfinger (band)|Goldfinger]], [[Less Than Jake]], [[the Mighty Mighty Bosstones]], [[Murphy's Law (band)|Murphy's Law]], [[No Doubt]], [[Reel Big Fish]], [[Save Ferris]], [[Sublime (band)|Sublime]] and [[Sugar Ray]].

The [[rave music|rave]] movement that emerged in the late 1980s continued to grow in popularity. This movement spawned genres such as [[Intelligent dance music]] and [[Drum and bass]]. The latter is an offshoot of jungle techno and [[Breakbeat hardcore|breakbeat]]. Popular artists included [[Moby]], [[Fatboy Slim]], [[Björk]], [[Aphex Twin]], [[Orbital (band)|Orbital]], [[the Orb]], [[the Chemical Brothers]], [[Basement Jaxx]], [[Todd Terry]], [[808 State]], [[Primal Scream]], [[the Shamen]], [[the KLF]] and [[the Prodigy]].

The rise of [[industrial music]], somewhat a fusion of [[synthpop]] and [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], rose to worldwide popularity with bands like [[Godflesh]], [[Nine Inch Nails]], [[Rammstein]], [[Ministry (band)|Ministry]] and [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]]. [[Groove metal]] was born through the efforts of [[Pantera]], whose seventh studio album ''[[Far Beyond Driven]]'' (1994) was notable for going number one on [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. Another heavy metal subgenre called nu metal, which mixed metal with hip hop influences, became popular with bands like [[Korn]], [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]] and [[Limp Bizkit]] selling millions of albums worldwide. [[Metallica]]'s 1991 eponymous album ''[[Metallica (album)|Metallica]]'' is the best-selling album of the [[Soundscan|SoundScan]] era, while [[extreme metal]] acts such as [[Death (metal band)|Death]], [[Mayhem (band)|Mayhem]], [[Darkthrone]], [[Emperor (Norwegian band)|Emperor]], [[Cannibal Corpse]] and others experienced popularity throughout the decade.

====Country music====
In the 1990s, country music became a worldwide phenomenon thanks to [[Billy Ray Cyrus]], [[Shania Twain]] and [[Garth Brooks]].<ref name="Country Worldwide">{{cite news |date=19 August 1992 |title=Country is No. 1 musical style |newspaper=Reading Eagle |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0LYxAAAAIBAJ&pg=1510,3298161 |access-date=26 July 2010}}</ref><ref name="Country Worldwide2">{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Bret |date=27 September 1992 |title=Country music reflects the time |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TjQfAAAAIBAJ&pg=4760,3698051 |access-date=26 July 2010 |publisher=Herald-Journal}}</ref><ref name="Country Worldwide3">{{cite news |last=Hurst |first=Jack |date=25 November 1993 |title=Country music is making waves across the seas |work=The Star |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/504338431.html?dids=504338431:504338431&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+25%2C+1993&author=Jack+Hurst&pub=The+Record&desc=Country+music+is+making+waves+across+the+seas&pqatl=google |access-date=26 July 2010 |archive-date=6 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506081606/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/504338431.html?dids=504338431:504338431&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+25%2C+1993&author=Jack+Hurst&pub=The+Record&desc=Country+music+is+making+waves+across+the+seas&pqatl=google |url-status=dead }}</ref> The latter enjoyed one of the most successful careers in popular music history, breaking records for both sales and concert attendance throughout the decade. The [[RIAA]] has certified his recordings at a combined (128× [[RIAA certification|platinum]]), denoting roughly 113 million United States shipments.<ref>{{cite web |title=RIAA.com |url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=26 June 2007 |access-date=1 February 2011 |publisher=RIAA.com}}</ref>

Other artists that experienced success during this time included [[Clint Black]], [[Sammy Kershaw]], [[Aaron Tippin]], [[Travis Tritt]], [[Suzy Bogguss]], [[Alan Jackson]], [[Lorrie Morgan]] and the newly formed duo of [[Brooks & Dunn]]. [[George Strait]], whose career began in the 1980s, also continued to have widespread success in this decade and beyond. Female artists such as [[Reba McEntire]], [[Faith Hill]], [[Martina McBride]], [[Deana Carter]], [[LeAnn Rimes]] and [[Mary Chapin Carpenter]] all released platinum-selling albums in the 1990s. Rimes, a teenager at the time, spawned a "teen movement" in country music; with fellow teen artists [[Lila McCann]], [[Jessica Andrews]], [[Billy Gillman]], and others following suit; a feat that hasn't been duplicated since [[Tanya Tucker]] and [[Marie Osmond]] in the early 1970s. The [[Dixie Chicks]] became one of the most popular country bands in the 1990s and early 2000s. Their 1998 debut album ''[[Wide Open Spaces (album)|Wide Open Spaces]]'' went on to become certified 12× platinum, while their 1999 album ''[[Fly (Dixie Chicks album)|Fly]]'' went on to become 10× platinum.

====R&B and related====
Contemporary [[quiet storm]] and [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] continued to be quite popular among adult audiences originating from African-American communities, which began during the 1980s. Popular African-American contemporary R&B artists included [[Mariah Carey]], [[D'Angelo]], [[Lauryn Hill]], [[Whitney Houston]], [[Brandy Norwood|Brandy]], [[En Vogue]], [[TLC (band)|TLC]], [[Destiny's Child]], [[Toni Braxton]], [[Boyz II Men]], [[Dru Hill]], [[Vanessa Williams]] and [[Janet Jackson]].

Also, British R&B artists [[Sade (singer)|Sade]] (active since 1982), [[Des'Ree]] and [[Mark Morrison]] became quite popular during this decade.

====Music from around the world====
{{multiple image
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| image2            = Oasis Liam and Noel.jpg
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| footer_align      = center
| footer            = [[Blur (band)|Blur]] (left) and [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] (right) became some of the most internationally popular [[Britpop]] bands of the decade.
}}

In the [[United Kingdom]], the alternative rock [[Britpop]] genre emerged as part of the more general [[Cool Britannia]] culture, with [[Pulp (band)|Pulp]] (already founded in 1978), [[Blur (band)|Blur]] (active since 1988), [[Ocean Colour Scene]] (since 1989), [[Suede (band)|Suede]] (existing since 1989 with hiatus), [[the Verve]] (1990–1993), [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] (formed in 1991), [[Elastica]] (1992–2001), [[Ash (band)|Ash]] (since 1992), [[Supergrass]] (1993–2022 with hiatus) and [[Kula Shaker]] (since 1995) serving as popular examples of this emergence.

The impact of boy band pop sensation [[Take That]], founded in 1990, lead to the formation of other boy bands in the UK and Ireland, such as [[East 17]] in 1991 and the Irish boy band [[Boyzone]] in 1993. Female pop icons [[Spice Girls]] took the world by storm since 1994, becoming the most commercially successful British group since [[the Beatles]], [[the Rolling Stones]] and [[Led Zeppelin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/19/spice.shtml|title=BBC - Press Office - New Spice Girls documentary on BBC One|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/31/newsid_2494000/2494855.stm|work=BBC News|title=1998: Ginger leaves the Spice Girls|date=31 May 1998|access-date=29 March 2010}}</ref> Their global success brought about a widespread scene of teen pop acts around the world<ref>{{cite web|title=Teen Pop Music: A Guide|url=http://top40.about.com/od/popmusic101/p/teenpop.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211142900/http://top40.about.com/od/popmusic101/p/teenpop.htm|archive-date=11 February 2009|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/teen-pop-ma0000002895|website=[[AllMusic]]|title=Teen Pop|access-date=17 February 2017 }}</ref> such as [[All Saints (group)|All Saints]], [[Backstreet Boys]] (both formed in 1993) as well as American acts as [[Hanson (band)|Hanson]] (from 1992), [[NSYNC]] (1995–2002, reunited 2003), [[Britney Spears]] and [[Christina Aguilera]] who came to prominence into the new millennium.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/2008/may/25/workandcareers.worklifebalance|work=The Guardian|location=UK|title=They don't live for work ... they work to live|date=25 May 2008|access-date=21 July 2011|first1=Anushka|last1=Ashthana}}</ref>

Many musicians from Canada, such as [[Celine Dion]], [[Maestro Fresh Wes]], [[Snow (musician)|Snow]], [[Barenaked Ladies]], [[Shania Twain]], [[Len (band)|Len]], [[Sarah McLachlan]], and [[Alanis Morissette]] became known worldwide.
[[File:Soda Stereo '84.png|thumb|Most commercially successful rock band from Latin America, [[Soda Stereo]]]]
[[Argentine rock|Argentine rock music]] continues to be commercially successful and culturally relevant throughout the 1990s. [[Soda Stereo]], the most famous rock band of Latin America reached new heights with their album ''[[Canción Animal]]'' in 1990, which contained great anthems of Argentine Rock, such as ''[[De Música Ligera]]'', ''Té para tres'' and ''Entre Caníbales''. Many bands of the [[Underground music|Underground scene]] become mainstream, such as [[hard rock]] band, [[La Renga]], [[post-punk]] band [[Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota|Los Redondos]] and [[alternative rock]] band [[Babasónicos]]. Also [[Charly García]] and [[Fito Páez]] would continue their successful solo careers, the latter with one of hist most famous albums, ''[[Circo Beat]]'', and his classic song, [[:es:Mariposa_tecknicolor|''Mariposa Tecknicolor'']].

In 1991, Australian children's music group [[The Wiggles]].

In Japan, the [[J-pop]] genre emerged as part of the more general [[Heisei era|Heisei Power]] cultural movement, with [[B'z]], [[Mr. Children]], [[Southern All Stars]], [[Yumi Matsutoya]], [[Dreams Come True (band)|Dreams Come True]], [[Glay]], [[Zard]], [[Hikaru Utada]], [[Namie Amuro]], [[SMAP]], [[Chage and Aska]], [[L'Arc-en-Ciel]], [[Masaharu Fukuyama]], [[Globe (band)|Globe]], [[Tube (band)|Tube]], [[Kome Kome Club]], [[Maki Ohguro]], [[Tatsuro Yamashita]], [[TRF (band)|TRF]], [[Speed (Japanese band)|Speed]], [[Wands (band)|Wands]], and [[Field of View]] became more popular for Japanese youth audiences during the [[Lost Decades]].

The [[Tibetan Freedom Concert]], organized by [[Beastie Boys]] and the [[Milarepa Fund]], brought 120,000 people together in the interest of increased human rights and autonomy for [[Tibet]] from China.

====Controversies====
[[File:Blink-182 at the Showcase Theater in Corona July 18,1995.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Blink-182]] performing in 1995, whose 1999 album ''[[Enema of The State]]'' became a pivotal moment for contemporary [[pop punk]]]]

Controversy surrounded [[the Prodigy]] with the release of the track "[[Smack My Bitch Up]]". The National Organization for Women (NOW) claimed that the track was "advocating violence against women" due to the song's lyrics, which are themselves sampled from [[Ultramagnetic MCs]]' "Give the Drummer Some". The music video (directed by Jonas Åkerlund) featured a first-person POV of someone going clubbing, indulging in drugs and alcohol, getting into fist fights, abusing women and picking up a prostitute. At the end of the video, the camera pans over to a mirror, revealing the subject to be a woman.

====Deaths of artists====
1991 also saw the death of [[Queen (band)|Queen]] frontman [[Freddie Mercury]] from AIDS-related pneumonia. Next to this [[Kurt Cobain]], [[Selena]], [[Eazy-E]], [[Tupac Shakur]] and [[the Notorious B.I.G.]] were the most publicized music-related deaths of the decade, in 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997 respectively. [[Richey Edwards]] of [[Manic Street Preachers]] was publicized in the media in 1991 following an incident involving [[Steve Lamacq]] backstage after a live show, in which Edwards carved '4 Real' into his arm. Edwards' disappearance in 1995 was highly publicized. He is still missing but was presumed dead in 2008.

===Television===
{{Main|1990s in television}}'''Comedies and sitcoms'''[[File:Seinfeld actors montage.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Seinfeld]]'', which premiered on [[NBC]] in 1989, became a commercial success and cultural phenomenon by 1993.]]

TV shows, mostly [[sitcom]]s, were popular with American audiences. Series such as ''[[Roseanne (TV series)|Roseanne]]'', ''[[Coach (TV series)|Coach]]'', ''[[Empty Nest]]'', ''[[Mr. Belvedere]]'', ''[[227 (TV series)|227]]'', ''[[Cheers]]'', ''[[The Cosby Show]]'', ''[[Growing Pains]]'', ''[[Night Court]]'', ''[[The Hogan Family]]'', ''[[Murphy Brown]]'', ''[[Full House]]'', ''[[The Wonder Years]],'' ''[[A Different World]]'', ''[[Amen (TV series)|Amen]]'', ''[[ALF (TV series)|ALF]]'', ''[[Perfect Strangers (TV series)|Perfect Strangers]]'', ''[[Married... with Children]],'' ''[[Family Matters]]'', ''[[Charles in Charge]]'', ''[[Saved by the Bell]]'', ''[[My Two Dads]]'', ''[[Major Dad]]'', ''[[Newhart]]'', ''[[Dear John (U.S. TV series)|Dear John]]'', ''[[Designing Women]]'', ''[[The Golden Girls]]'', ''[[Who's the Boss?]]'', ''[[Head of the Class]]'', and ''[[Seinfeld]]'', which premiered in the eighties, and ''[[Frasier]]'', a spin-off of the 1980s hit ''[[Cheers]]'' were viewed throughout the 1990s.

These sitcoms, along with ''[[Friends]]'', ''[[That '70s Show]]'', ''[[Ellen (TV series)|Ellen]]'', ''[[The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air]]'',  ''[[Nurses (American TV series)|Nurses]]'', ''[[Living Single]]'', ''[[Step by Step (TV series)|Step by Step]]'', ''[[NewsRadio]]'', ''[[Blossom (American TV series)|Blossom]]'', ''[[The King of Queens]]'', ''[[Fired Up (TV series)|Fired Up]]'', ''[[Jesse (TV series)|Jesse]]'', ''[[Parker Lewis Can't Lose]]'', ''[[For Your Love (TV series)|For Your Love]]'', ''[[The Steve Harvey Show]]'', ''[[The Larry Sanders Show]]'', ''[[Sex and the City]]'', ''[[Arliss (TV series)|Arliss]]'', ''[[Dream On (TV series)|Dream On]]'', ''[[Grace Under Fire]]'', ''[[Mad About You]]'', ''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)|Sabrina the Teenage Witch]]'', ''[[The Naked Truth (TV series)|The Naked Truth]]'', ''[[The Jeff Foxworthy Show]]'', ''[[The Jamie Foxx Show]]'', ''[[Smart Guy]]'', ''[[The Wayans Bros.]]'', ''[[Malcolm & Eddie]]'', ''[[Clueless (TV series)|Clueless]]'', ''[[Moesha]]'', ''[[The Parent 'Hood]]'', ''[[Unhappily Ever After]]'', ''[[Roc (TV series)|Roc]]'', ''[[Martin (TV series)|Martin]]'', ''[[Hangin' with Mr. Cooper]]'', ''[[In Living Color]]'', ''[[Sister, Sister (TV series)|Sister, Sister]]'', ''[[Boy Meets World]]'', ''[[Ned and Stacey]]'', ''[[Becker (TV series)|Becker]]'', ''[[Veronica's Closet]]'', ''[[Two Guys and a Girl]]'', ''[[The Drew Carey Show]]'', ''[[Wings (1990 TV series)|Wings]]'', ''[[The John Larroquette Show]]'', ''[[Caroline in the City]]'', ''[[Sports Night]]'', ''[[Home Improvement (TV series)|Home Improvement]]'', ''[[Will & Grace]]'', ''[[Evening Shade]]'', ''[[Cosby (TV series)|Cosby]]'', ''[[Spin City]]'', ''[[The Nanny]]'', ''[[3rd Rock from the Sun]]'', ''[[Suddenly Susan]]'', ''[[Cybill]]'', ''[[Just Shoot Me!]]'', ''[[Everybody Loves Raymond]]'', and ''[[Dharma and Greg]]'' from the 90s turned TV in new directions and defined the humor of the decade.<!-- Please don't add every show from the 1990s, thanks. -->

Furthermore, ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' experienced a new era of success during the 1990s, launching the careers of popular comedians and actors such as [[Chris Farley]], [[Dana Carvey]], [[Phil Hartman]], [[Adam Sandler]], [[Will Ferrell]], [[Molly Shannon]], [[Mike Myers]], [[Chris Rock]], [[Norm Macdonald]], [[David Spade]], [[Cheri Oteri]] and others. 
[[File:Friends actors montage.jpg|thumb|left|280px|''[[Friends]],'' which premiered on [[NBC]] in 1994 became one of the most popular sitcoms of all time. From left, clockwise: [[Lisa Kudrow]], [[Jennifer Aniston]], [[Courteney Cox]], [[Matthew Perry]], [[Matt LeBlanc]], and [[David Schwimmer]], the six main actors of ''Friends.'']] 
'''Drama shows'''

1993 saw the debut of the [[medical]]–[[:wikt:mystery|mystery]] drama, ''[[Diagnosis Murder]]'', a comeback vehicle for [[Dick Van Dyke]], who guest-starred on an episode of its parent series, ''[[Jake and the Fatman]]'', where the show got off to a rocky start and became one of television's long-running mysteries, that lasted until its cancellation in 2001. It was one of a number of shows that made CBS popular with a distinctly older audience than its competitors, with a lineup consisting mainly of murder mysteries, westerns and religious dramas, such as ''[[Walker, Texas Ranger]]'', ''[[Touched by an Angel]]'', ''[[Murder, She Wrote]]'' and ''[[Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman]]''.

Medical dramas started to return to television in the 1990s after the end of ''[[St. Elsewhere]]'' in 1988. In 1994, ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]'', which originally starred [[Anthony Edwards (actor)|Anthony Edwards]], [[Noah Wyle]] and [[George Clooney]], was instantly a domestic and international success, lasting until 2009 and spawning similar series to compete against it, such as the more soap opera-esque ''[[Grey's Anatomy]]'' (2005–present), and the short lived ''[[Medicine Ball (TV series)|Medicine Ball]]'' (1995). It was one of the many successful shows during that period (as well as sitcoms such as ''Seinfeld'' and ''Friends'') which made [[NBC]] the most-watched channel in the United States. This show launched the career of [[George Clooney]]. That same year, ''[[Chicago Hope]]'', that starred [[Héctor Elizondo]], [[Mandy Patinkin]] and [[Adam Arkin]], was also a popular series for [[CBS]], lasting between 1994 and 2000.

Crime drama and police detective shows returned to the spotlight after soap operas died down. After the successful debuts of ''[[Law & Order]]'', ''[[NYPD Blue]],'' ''[[Homicide: Life on the Street]]'', [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] debuted ''[[New York Undercover]], ''which starred [[Malik Yoba]] and [[Michael DeLorenzo|Micheal DeLorenzo]], is notable for featuring two people of color in the main roles. ''[[Nash Bridges]],'' a comeback vehicle for [[Don Johnson]], lasting six seasons (1996–2001), dealt with escapist entertainment instead of tackling social issues.''<ref>{{cite news |last=McCABE |first=HEATHER |date=25 April 1996 |title=With a New Beat and Attitude, the 'Vice' Man Cometh |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-04-25-ca-62314-story.html}}</ref>''

''[[Beverly Hills, 90210]]'' ran on Fox from 1990 to 2000. It established the teen soap genre, paving the way for ''[[Dawson's Creek]]'', ''[[Felicity (TV series)|Felicity]]'', ''[[Party of Five]]'', and other shows airing later in the decade, and into the 2000s. The show was then remade and renamed simply ''[[90210 (TV series)|90210]]'' and premiered in 2008. ''Beverly Hills, 90210'', and its spin-off ''[[Melrose Place]]'' also became a popular TV show throughout the 1990s. ''[[Baywatch]]'' became the most-watched TV show in history {{citation needed|date=December 2022}} and influenced pop culture.

''[[Sex and the City]]''{{'s}} portrayal of relationships and sexuality caused controversy and acclaim, leading to a new generation of sexually progressive television shows in the 2000s, such as ''[[Queer as Folk (American TV series)|Queer as Folk]]'' and ''[[The L Word]]''.

'''Other television shows and genres'''

Fantasy and science fiction shows were popular on television, with NBC airing ''[[SeaQuest DSV]]'' beginning in 1993, which made [[Jonathan Brandis]] a popular [[teen idol]], but was cancelled after three seasons. The 1990s saw a multitude of ''[[Star Trek]]'' content: in 1993, following the success of ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', Paramount released the follow-up shows ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]'' (1993–1999) and ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'' (1995–2001). ''[[Touched By an Angel]]'', broadcast by CBS in 1994, was intended as the comeback vehicle of [[Della Reese]], and also launched the career of [[Roma Downey]]. It wasn't an immediate success and was cancelled, but was revived the following year due to a fan letter-writing campaign, and ran for eight more seasons. At the end of the decade, the [[fantasy drama]] series [[Charmed]] gained a [[cult following]] and helped popularize [[the WB]].

In 1993, one of the last [[western (genre)|westerns]] to air on television was ''[[Walker, Texas Ranger]]'', a [[crime drama]] starring [[Chuck Norris]] as the title character. Running for nine seasons, the show tackled a wide variety of subjects and was one of few shows to feature an actor performing karate stunts at that time.

[[Reality television]] was not an entirely new concept (''[[An American Family]]'' aired on [[PBS]] in 1973) but proliferated for [[Generation X]] audiences with titles such as ''[[Judge Judy]]'', ''[[Eco-Challenge]],'' and ''[[Cops (TV program)|Cops]]''.

The 1990s saw the debut of live-action children's programs such as the educational ''[[Bill Nye the Science Guy]]'' and ''[[Blue's Clues]]'' as well as the superhero show ''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers]]'', the latter becoming a pop culture phenomenon along with a line of action figures and other toys by Japanese toy manufacturer [[Bandai]]. This can also be said for the British pre-school series ''[[Teletubbies]]'', which was a massive hit loved by very young children. It also saw long time running shows such as ''[[Barney & Friends]]'' and the continuation of ''[[Sesame Street]]'', both of which would continue in the following decades and so.

During the mid-1990s, two of the biggest professional wrestling companies: ''[[World Championship Wrestling]]'' and ''[[World Wrestling Federation]]'' were in a ratings battle that was called the [[Monday Night Wars|Monday Night War]] (1995–2001). Each company fought to draw more viewers to their respective Monday night wrestling show. The "War" ended in 2001 when ''[[WWE]]'' bought ''[[WCW]]''. In November 2001, there was a Winner Takes All match with both companies in a Pay-Per-View called ''[[Survivor Series]]''. WWF won the match, putting an end to WCW.

The late 1990s also saw the evolution of a new TV genre: primetime game shows, popularized by the quiz show ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'', hosted originally by [[Chris Tarrant]] on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] in the United Kingdom and [[Regis Philbin]] on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] in the United States, as well as other first-run game shows aired in prime time on the newly launched [[Game Show Network]].

Many Argentine TV shows and [[Soap opera|soap operas]] were greatly successful abroad, such as ''[[Muñeca Brava]]'', which would become immensely successful in Russia, and would be exported to over 80 countries, and translated to over 50 languages. Similarly, ''[[Chiquititas]]'' was broadcast in 36 countries in Latin America, Europe and Asia.

'''Animated shows'''

An animated sitcom, ''[[The Simpsons]]'', premiered on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] in December 1989 and became a domestic and international success in the 1990s. The show has since aired more than 600 episodes and has become an institution of pop culture. In addition, it has spawned the adult-oriented [[animated sitcom]] genre, inspiring more adult-oriented animated shows such as ''[[Beavis and Butt-Head]]'' (1993–1997), ''[[Daria]]'' (1997–2001), along with ''[[South Park]]'' and ''[[Family Guy]]'', the latter two of which began in 1997 and 1999, respectively, and continue to air new episodes through the 2000s and into the 2020s.

Cartoons produced in the 1990s are sometimes referred to as the "Renaissance Age of Animation" for cartoons in general, particularly for American animated children's programs. [[Disney Channel]], [[Nickelodeon]] (owned by Viacom, now Paramount Global) and [[Cartoon Network]] (owned by Warner Bros. Discovery) would dominate the animated television industry. These three channels are considered the "Big Three", of children's entertainment, even today, but especially during the 1990s.

Other channels such as [[Warner Bros. Animation]] would create shows like ''[[Tiny Toon Adventures]]'', ''[[Animaniacs]]'', and the start of the [[DC Animated Universe]] with shows such as ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'', and ''[[Superman: The Animated Series]]'', as well as syndicated shows like ''[[Phantom 2040]]''. Nickelodeon's first three animated series (''[[Doug (TV series)|Doug]]'', ''[[Rugrats]]'', ''[[The Ren & Stimpy Show]]'') all premiered in 1991 along with shows such as ''[[Hey Arnold!]]'', ''[[CatDog]]'', ''[[The Wild Thornberrys]]'', and in 1999 saw the debut of Nickelodeon's well known animated comedy series ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''. Cartoon Network would create shows like ''[[Dexter's Laboratory]]'', ''[[The Powerpuff Girls]]'', ''[[Ed, Edd n Eddy]]'', ''[[Johnny Bravo]],'' and ''[[Courage the Cowardly Dog]]''. Disney Channel would make shows like ''[[Recess (TV series)|Recess]]'', ''[[Pepper Ann]]'', ''[[Darkwing Duck]]'', ''[[TaleSpin]]'', and ''[[Gargoyles (TV series)|Gargoyles]]''. The 1990s also saw animated shows such as ''[[Oggy and the Cockroaches]]'', ''[[Bobby's World]]'', ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' achieve popularity, alongside British stop-motion animated film series ''[[Wallace & Gromit]]'', which spawned over four short films and two feature-length films. 

Japanese [[anime]] was popular in the 1980s and expanded to a worldwide audience by the 1990s for its expansive spectrum of story subjects and themes not limited to comedy and superhero action found in the US. It featured well-produced, well-written, visual, and story content that came to showcase animation's potential for emotional and intellectual depth and integrity on par with live action media to its viewers. Anime expanded to older and adult audiences in the medium of [[animation]]. Anime shows such as ''[[Sailor Moon]]'', ''[[Digimon]]'', ''[[Pokémon (TV series)|Pokémon]]'', ''[[Tenchi Muyo!]]'', ''[[Berserk (1997 TV series)|Berserk]]'', ''[[Trigun]]'', ''[[Cowboy Bebop]]'', ''[[Gundam Wing]]'', ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'', ''[[Ranma ½]]'', ''[[Yu Yu Hakusho]]'', ''[[Slayers]]'', ''[[Rurouni Kenshin]]'', ''[[Initial D]]'', ''[[Gunsmith Cats]]'', ''[[Slam Dunk (manga)|Slam Dunk]]'', ''[[Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water]]'', ''[[Outlaw Star]]'', to anime movies such as ''[[Akira (1988 film)|Akira]]'', ''[[Vampire Hunter D]]'', ''[[Jin-Roh: The Wolf Brigade]]'', ''[[My Neighbor Totoro]]'', ''[[Princess Mononoke]]'', ''[[Castle in the Sky]]'', ''[[The Castle of Cagliostro]]'', and imports by various distributors such as [[Viz Media|Viz]], [[AnimEigo]], [[Central Park Media]], [[A.D. Vision]], [[Pioneer Corporation|Pioneer Entertainment]], [[Media Blasters]], [[Manga Entertainment]], and [[Celebrity Home Entertainment|Celebrity]], helped begin the mid to late 1990s and turn of the millennium introductory anime craze in the US, and the [[Cartoon Network]] anime programming block [[Toonami]] in 1997.

===Fashion and body modification===
{{Main|1990s in fashion}}
Significant fashion trends of the 1990s include:
*Earth and jewel tones, as well as an array of minimalist style and design influences, characterize the 1990s, a stark contrast to the camp and bombast seen in the brightly colored fashion and design trends of the [[1980s in fashion|1980s]].
*[[Rachel haircut|The Rachel]], [[Jennifer Aniston]]'s hairstyle on the hit TV show ''[[Friends]]'', became a cultural phenomenon, with millions of women copying it worldwide.
*The [[Hi-top fade]] was trendy among [[African-Americans]] in the early 1990s.
*The [[Curtained hair|Curtained Haircut]] increased in popularity in fashion and culture among teenage boys and young men in the 1990s, mainly after it was popularized in the film ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'' by the actor [[Edward Furlong]].
*The model 1300 [[Wonderbra]] style has a resurgence of popularity in Europe in 1992, which kicks off an international media sensation, the 1994 return of "The Wonderbra" brand, and a spike in the push-up, plunge bras around the world.
*Additional fashion trends of the 1990s include the [[Tamagotchi]], [[Inline skates|Rollerblades]], [[Pogs]] and [[Dr. Martens]] shoes.
*Bleached-blond hair became very popular in the late 1990s, as were men with short hair with the bangs "flipped up."
*The 1990s also saw the return of the 1970s teenage female fashion with long, straight hair and denim [[Hotpants|hot pants]].
*''[[Beverly Hills, 90210]]'' sideburns also became popular in the early and mid-1990s.
*[[Slap bracelet]]s were a popular fad among children, preteens, and teenagers in the early 1990s and were available in a wide variety of patterns and colors. Also popular among children were light-up sneakers, [[jelly shoes]], and shoelace hair clips.
*The [[Grunge]] hype at the beginning of the decade popularized [[flannel]] shirts among both genders during the 1990s.
*[[Heroin chic]] appeared sporadically across film, fashion models and grunge music, but gave way by end of the US recession and the emergence of internet "geek" culture (a sassy tech-literate style centered on web searching and drinking coffee).  
*Grunge- and [[hip-hop]]-inspired anti-fashion saw an expansion of the slouchy, casual styles of past decades, mostly seen in baggy and distressed jeans, cargo shorts and pants, baseball caps (often worn backward), chunky sneakers, oversized sweatshirts, and loose-fitting tees with [[Grandiloquence|grandiloquent]] [[graphics]] and [[logos]].
*[[2000s in fashion|Svelte fashion]] was also popular from the beginning of the 1990s and into the 2000s, as the new millennium began. The rivalry of sloppy grunge fashion versus more expensive clothing made for fitter bodies was a repeat of the rock versus disco rivalry of a decade ago. Nineties fashion became darker, slinkier, and more [[Science fiction|futuristic-looking]] clothing in the late 1990s, with Keanu Reeves in The Matrix as a style icon.
*[[Tattoo]]s and [[Body piercing|piercings]] became part of the [[wikt:mainstream|mainstream]] aesthetic. American model [[Christy Turlington]] revealed her [[Navel piercing|belly button piercing]] at a fashion show in London in 1993. In the late 1990s, some females got [[Lower-back tattoo|lower back tattoos]] and men opted for tribal style arm bands or back pieces.

<gallery widths="190" perrow="5">
File:Tamagotchi_0124_ubt.jpeg|[[Tamagotchi]] and [[Furby]] were popular iconic toys among children around the world in the 1990s, also in the 2000s
File:Kids playing pogs.jpeg|[[Pogs]] was a popular street game among children around the world during the decade
File:Jonathan Brandis Wiki.jpg|[[Grunge]]-style fashion became a trend in the 1990s, modeled here by teen actor [[Jonathan Brandis]]
File:Dr Martens, black, old.jpg|Boots like [[Timberland (company)|Timberlands]] and [[Dr. Martens]] became popular. Hiking, motorcyclist and safety boots were all part of the general trend towards grunge fashion in footwear
File:Will Smith (2078379272) (cropped).jpg|[[Will Smith]] donning a [[Hi-top fade]] in 1993, a popular hairstyle of the early decade
File:Paula Abdul (2105865065).jpg|[[Paula Abdul]] modeling a semi-transparent black dress, curled hair and smoky eye makeup at the [[62nd Academy Awards]] in 1990 
File:Jane Leeves (1995).jpg|[[Jane Leeves]] sporting a [[slip dress]] in 1995
File:Ladygoth.jpg|Example of late 1990s [[goth fashion]]
</gallery>

===Video games===
{{main|1990s in video gaming}}
'''Video game consoles'''

[[Video game console]]s released in this decade include the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]], [[Neo Geo (system)|Neo Geo]], [[Atari Jaguar]], [[3DO Interactive Multiplayer|3DO]], [[Sega Saturn]], [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]], [[Nintendo 64]] and [[Dreamcast]]. Portable video game consoles include the [[Game Gear]], [[Atari Lynx]] and [[Game Boy Color]]. ''[[Super Mario World]]'' was the decade's best-selling home console video game, while ''[[Pokémon Red and Blue]]'' was the decade's best-selling portable video game; ''[[Super Mario 64]]'' was the decade's best-selling [[Fifth generation of video game consoles|fifth-generation video game]], while ''[[Street Fighter II]]'' was the decade's highest-grossing [[arcade video game]].

The [[console wars]], primarily between [[Sega]] (Mega Drive, marketed as the [[Sega Genesis]] in [[North America]], introduced in 1988) and [[Nintendo]] ([[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super NES]], introduced in 1990), sees the entrance of [[Sony]] with the [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] in 1994, which becomes the first successful CD-based console (as opposed to [[ROM cartridge|cartridges]]). By the end of the decade, Sega's hold on the market becomes tenuous after the end of the [[Sega Saturn|Saturn]] in 1999 and the [[Dreamcast]] in 2002.

[[Arcade game]]s rapidly decreased in popularity, mainly due to the dominance of handheld and home consoles.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wolf |first=Mark J.P. |title=The video game explosion: a history from PONG to PlayStation and beyond |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-313-33868-7 |location=Westport, Connecticut |page=135 |chapter=Arcade Games of the 1990s and Beyond |oclc=154776597 |quote=The decline of arcade video games would come back in the 1990s, despite attempts to redefine the arcade experience and attract players back to the arcade. |access-date=19 July 2009 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=to5zEwOC9BcC&pg=PA135}}</ref>

'''Video games'''

[[Mario]] as [[Nintendo]]'s [[mascot]] finds a rival in [[Sega]]'s [[Sonic the Hedgehog (character)|Sonic the Hedgehog]] with the release of ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog (1991 video game)|Sonic the Hedgehog]]'' on the [[Sega Genesis|Sega Mega Drive/Genesis]] in 1991. ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog]]'' would go on to become one of the most successful [[List of video game franchises|video game franchises]] of the decade and of all time.

Notable video games of the 1990s include: ''[[Super Metroid]]'', ''[[Metal Gear Solid (1998 video game)|Metal Gear Solid]]'', ''[[Super Mario World]]'', ''[[Doom (1993 video game)|Doom]]'', ''[[Donkey Kong Country]]'', ''[[Donkey Kong 64]]'', [[Pokémon Red and Blue|''Pokémon Red'' and ''Blue'' Versions]], ''[[Pokémon Yellow|Pokémon Yellow Version]]'', ''[[GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)|GoldenEye 007]]'', ''[[Super Mario 64]]'', ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time]]'', ''[[Gran Turismo (1997 video game)|Gran Turismo]]'', ''[[Mario Kart 64]]'', ''[[Half-Life (video game)|Half-Life]]'', ''[[Super Mario Kart]]'', ''[[Radiant Silvergun]]'', ''[[Rayman (video game)|Rayman]]'', ''[[Gunstar Heroes]]'', ''[[Banjo-Kazooie (video game)|Banjo-Kazooie]]'', ''[[Soulcalibur (video game)|Soulcalibur]]'', ''[[Star Fox]]'' series, ''[[Tomb Raider]]'' series, ''[[Final Fantasy]]'', ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog]]'' series, ''[[Story of Seasons]]'' series, ''[[Tony Hawk's (series)|Tony Hawk's]]'' series, ''[[Crash Bandicoot]]'' series, ''[[Metal Slug]]'' series, ''[[Resident Evil]]'' series, ''[[Street Fighter II]]'', ''[[Spyro|Spyro the Dragon]]'' series, ''[[Commander Keen]]'' series, ''[[Test Drive]]'' series, ''[[Dance Dance Revolution]]'' series, ''[[Monkey Island]]'' series, ''[[Dune computer and video games|Dune]]'' series, ''[[Mortal Kombat]]'' series, ''[[Warcraft]]'' series, ''[[Duke Nukem 3D]]'', ''[[Tekken]]'' series, ''[[EarthBound]]'', ''[[Fallout (video game)|Fallout: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game]]'', and ''[[StarCraft]]''.

[[Sony]]'s [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] becomes the top-selling video game console and changes the standard media storage type from [[ROM cartridge|cartridges]] to [[compact disc]]s (CDs) in home consoles. [[Crash Bandicoot (video game)|''Crash Bandicoot'']] is released on 9 September 1996, becoming one of the most successful platforming series for the Sony PlayStation. [[Spyro the Dragon|''Spyro The Dragon'']], released on 9 September 1998, also became a successful platforming series. ''[[Tomb Raider]]''{{'}}s [[Lara Croft]] became a video game [[sex symbol]], becoming one of the most recognizable figures in the entertainment industry throughout the late 1990s.

''[[Pokémon]]'' enters the world scene with the release of the original ''[[Pokémon Red and Blue|Pokémon Red]]'' and ''[[Pokémon Red and Blue|Pokémon Green]]'' for [[Game Boy]] in Japan in 1996, later changed to ''[[Pokémon Red and Blue|Pokémon Red]]'' and ''[[Pokémon Red and Blue|Pokémon Blue]]'' for worldwide release in 1998. It soon becomes popular in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]], creating the term ''Pokémonia'', and is adapted into a popular [[Pokémon (TV series)|anime series]] and [[Pokémon Trading Card Game|trading card]] game, among other media forms.

''[[Resident Evil (1996 video game)|Resident Evil]]'' is released in 1996 and ''[[Resident Evil 2]]''. Both games became the most highly acclaimed [[Survival horror|survival-horror]] series on the PlayStation at the time it was released. It is credited with defining the survival horror genre and with returning zombies to [[popular culture]], leading to a renewed interest in [[zombie film]]s by the 2000s.

'''Video game genres'''

[[3D computer graphics|3D]] graphics become the standard by the decade's end. Although [[First-person shooter|FPS games]] had long since seen the transition to full 3D, other genres began to copy this trend by the end of the decade. The most notable first shooter games in the 1990s are ''[[GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)|GoldenEye 007]]'' and ''[[Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six (video game)|Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six]]''.

The violent nature of fighting games like [[Capcom]]'s ''[[Street Fighter II]]'', [[Sega]]'s ''[[Virtua Fighter (arcade game)|Virtua Fighter]]'', and [[Midway Games|Midway]]'s ''[[Mortal Kombat (1992 video game)|Mortal Kombat]]'' prompted the video game industry to accept a [[Entertainment Software Rating Board|game rating system]]. Hundreds of knockoffs are widely popular in the mid-to-late 1990s. ''[[Doom (1993 video game)|Doom]]'' (1993) bursts onto the world scene, and instantly popularizes the [[First-person shooter|FPS]] genre. ''[[Half-Life (video game)|Half-Life]]'' (1998) builds upon this, using gameplay without [[Level (video games)|levels]] and an immersive [[First-person narrative|first-person perspective]]. Half-Life became one of the most popular FPS games in history.

The [[real-time strategy]] (RTS) genre is introduced in 1992 with the release of ''[[Dune II]]''. ''[[Warcraft: Orcs & Humans]]'' (1994) popularizing the genre, and ''[[Command & Conquer]]'' and ''[[Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness]]'' in 1995, setting up the first major real-time strategy competition and popularizing multiplayer capabilities in RTS games. ''[[StarCraft]]'' in 1998 becomes the second best-selling computer game of all time. It remains among the most popular multiplayer RTS games today, especially in [[South Korea]]. {{citation needed|date=December 2022}} ''[[Homeworld]]'' in 1999 becomes the first successful 3D RTS game. The rise of the RTS genre is often credited with the fall of the [[turn-based strategy]] (TBS) genre, popularized with ''[[Civilization (video game)|Civilization]]'' in 1991. ''[[Final Fantasy (video game)|Final Fantasy]]'' was introduced (in North America) in 1990 for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]] and remains among the most popular video game [[Final Fantasy|franchises]], with many new titles to date and more in development, plus numerous spin-offs, sequels, films and related titles. ''[[Final Fantasy VII]]'', released in 1997, especially popularized the series.

[[Massively multiplayer online role-playing game]]s (MMORPGs) see their entrance with ''[[Ultima Online]]'' in 1997. However, they do not gain widespread popularity until ''[[EverQuest]]'' and ''[[Asheron's Call]]'' in 1999. MMORPGs become among the most popular video game genres until the [[2010s]].

The [[List of best-selling video games|best-selling games]] of the 1990s are listed below (note that some sources disagree on particular years):

* 1990: ''[[Super Mario World]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Welch|first=Hanuman|date=23 April 2013|title=The Best Selling Video Game Of Every Year Since 1977|url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2013/04/the-best-video-games-to-come-out-every-year-since-the-atari-2600/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Complex|language=en|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112230159/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2013/04/the-best-video-games-to-come-out-every-year-since-the-atari-2600/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 1991: [[Sonic the Hedgehog (1991 video game)|''Sonic the Hedgehog'']]<ref name=":0" />
* 1992: ''[[Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins]]''<ref name=":0" />
* 1993: ''[[Super Mario All-Stars]]''<ref name=":0" />
* 1994: ''[[Donkey Kong Country]]''<ref name=":0" />
* 1995: [[Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island|''Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Islan''d]]<ref name=":0" /> or ''[[Mortal Kombat 3]]''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Webb|first=Kevin|date=2019-09-12|title=The best-selling video game of every year, from 1995 to 2018|url=https://www.businessinsider.nl/best-selling-video-game-every-year-2018-11/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Business Insider|language=}}</ref>
* 1996: ''[[Pokémon Red and Blue]]''<ref name=":0" /> or ''[[Super Mario 64]]''<ref name=":1" />
* 1997: [[Gran Turismo (1997 video game)|Gran Turismo]]<ref name=":0" /> or ''[[Mario Kart 64]]''<ref name=":1" />
* 1998: ''[[Pokémon Yellow]]''<ref name=":0" /> or ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time]]''<ref name=":1" />
* 1999: ''[[Pokémon Gold and Silver]]''<ref name=":0" /> or ''[[Donkey Kong 64]]''<ref name=":1" />
<gallery widths="190" perrow="5">
File:Neo-Geo-AES-Console-Set.jpg|'''[[Neo Geo]] AES''' released in 1990. The console was supposed to bring an experience similar to [[Arcade games]] to be played.
File:USA-SNES - JPN-SuperFamicom.png|'''[[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]]''' (SNES) released in 1990 and is the successor to the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]]
File:Sega-Mega-Drive-EU-Mk1-wController-FL.jpg|The European PAL version of the '''[[Sega Genesis|Mega Drive]]''' launched in 1990, later becoming the highest-selling [[Fourth generation of video game consoles|fourth-gen]] console in Europe.
File:Game-Boy-FL.jpg|Nintendo's '''[[Game Boy]]''' was a popular handheld game console during the 1990s.
File:Atari-Jaguar-CD-wController.jpg|The '''[[Atari Jaguar]]'''  released in 1993, becoming part [[Fifth generation of video game consoles|Fifth-gen]] of video game consoles.
File:N64-Console-Set.png|The '''[[Nintendo 64]]''' was released in 1996. ''[[Super Mario 64]]'' was the best-selling game of the decade.
File:PSX-Console-wController.png|The '''[[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]]''' was released in the mid-1990s and became the [[List of million-selling game consoles|best-selling gaming console]] of its time.
File:Diana Maria (cropped).jpg|The game '''''[[Tomb Raider (1996 video game)|Tomb Raider]]''''', launched in 1996, became particularly popular during the decade and as a result [[Lara Croft]]'s character eventually became a cultural icon in the video game industry
File:Mittelgrosse_lan-party.jpg|Private '''[[LAN parties]]''' were at the peak of their popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s when broadband Internet access was unavailable or too expensive for most people
</gallery>

===Architecture===
{{Further|:Category:1990s architecture}}
*The [[Petronas Towers|Petronas Twin Towers]] became two of the [[List of tallest buildings and structures in the world|tallest man-made structures]] ever built after they officially opened on 31 August 1999.

===Sports===
[[File:Jordan by Lipofsky 16577.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Michael Jordan]], the most popular NBA player of the 1990s.]]
*In [[college football]], the [[Inauguration|Inaugural]] 1992 [[Southeastern Conference|SEC]] Championship Game occurred at Legion Field in [[Birmingham, Alabama]]. The [[Alabama Crimson Tide]] football team, under then-Coach [[Gene Stallings]], went 11-0 and defeated the [[Florida Gators]] under then-Coach [[Steve Spurrier]]. The Tide would later finish 13–0 to win the National Championship and beat the [[Miami Hurricanes]] in the 1993 [[Sugar Bowl]]. However, Spurrier and the Gators would later win Four SEC Championships from 1993 to 1996. They went on to win their first National Championship in the 1997 [[Nokia]] [[Sugar Bowl]] by defeating the [[Florida State Seminoles football|Florida State Seminoles]].
*The [[1992 Summer Olympics]] are held in [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]] and the [[1996 Summer Olympics]] are held in [[Atlanta]], [[United States]].
*The [[1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team]], nicknamed the "Dream Team", was the first American Olympic team to feature active [[professional sports|professional]] players from the [[National Basketball Association]]. Described as the "greatest team ever assembled", its roster included the likes of [[Michael Jordan]], [[Larry Bird]], and [[Magic Johnson]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=McCallum |first1=Jack |title=Dream Team: How Michael, Magic, Larry, Charles, and the Greatest Team of All Time Conquered the World and Changed the Game of Basketball Forever |date=2013 |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |isbn=9780345520494 |page=313 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8KJGlUvrPYC&pg=PA313 |access-date=31 July 2020}}</ref><ref>"[https://www.espn.com/blog/sportscenter/post/_/id/71610/this-day-in-sports-the-dream-team-takes-gold-in-barcelona This Day in Sports: The Dream Team Takes Gold in Barcelona]". ESPN. 8 August 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2012.</ref>
*[[Major League Baseball]] players went on [[1994–95 Major League Baseball strike|strike]] on 12 August 1994, thus ending the season and canceling the [[World Series]] for the first time in 90 years. The players' strike ended on 29 March 1995, when players and team owners agreed.
*The [[1991 World Series]] pitted the [[1991 Atlanta Braves season|Atlanta Braves]] and the [[1991 Minnesota Twins season|Minnesota Twins]], two teams who finished last place in their respective divisions, the [[1990 Major League Baseball season|previous season]]. The series would go all seven games won by the home teams, concluding dramatically with the Minnesota Twins claiming their second World Series title.
*American [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] [[basketball]] player [[Michael Jordan]] became a major sports and [[Pop icon|pop culture icon]], idolized by millions worldwide. He revolutionized [[sports marketing]] through deals with companies such as [[Gatorade]], [[Hanes]], [[McDonald's]] and [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]]. His [[Chicago Bulls]] team won six NBA titles during the decade ([[1991 NBA Finals|1991]], [[1992 NBA Finals|1992]], [[1993 NBA Finals|1993]], [[1996 NBA Finals|1996]], [[1997 NBA Finals|1997]] and [[1998 NBA Finals|1998]]). He was also notable in [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] thanks to his self-portrayal in the film ''[[Space Jam]]'' with the ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' characters.
*The [[National Hockey League]] would expand from 21 to 30 teams. During the expansion years, several teams would relocate to new cities: the [[Winnipeg Jets (1972-96)|Winnipeg Jets]] moved to [[Phoenix, Arizona]] and became the [[Phoenix Coyotes]], the [[Quebec Nordiques]] moved to [[Denver]] and became the [[Colorado Avalanche]], the [[Hartford Whalers]] moved to [[Raleigh, North Carolina]] and became the [[Carolina Hurricanes]], and the [[Minnesota North Stars]] moved to [[Dallas]] and became the [[Dallas Stars]].
**The NHL's 1990s expansion saw new teams in cities that previously never had NHL hockey: [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] ([[San Jose Sharks]]), [[Anaheim]] ([[Mighty Ducks of Anaheim]]), [[Nashville]] ([[Nashville Predators]]), Miami ([[Florida Panthers]]), and [[Tampa]] ([[Tampa Bay Lightning]]). The NHL also returned to Atlanta with the expansion [[Atlanta Thrashers]].
**Two of the NHL's [[Original Six]] teams, the [[New York Rangers]] and the [[Detroit Red Wings]], would end long [[Stanley Cup]] championship droughts; the Rangers in [[1994 Stanley Cup Finals|1994]] after [[Curse of 1940|54 years]], and the Red Wings would win back-to-back Cups in [[1997 Stanley Cup Finals|1997]] and [[1998 Stanley Cup Finals|1998]] after [[1955 Stanley Cup Finals|42 years]].
**Canadian hockey star [[Mario Lemieux]] led the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]], one of the original NHL expansion teams, to back-to-back Stanley Cup championships in [[1991 Stanley Cup Finals|1991]] and [[1992 Stanley Cup Finals|1992]].
**In addition to the Pittsburgh Penguins, three other NHL expansion teams went on to earn their first Stanley Cup championships: the [[New Jersey Devils]] in [[1995 Stanley Cup Finals|1995]], the Colorado Avalanche in [[1996 Stanley Cup Finals|1996]], and the Dallas Stars in [[1999 Stanley Cup Finals|1999]].
**Canadian hockey star [[Wayne Gretzky]] announced his retirement from the NHL in 1999. Upon his final game on 18 April, he held 40 regular-season records, 15 playoff records, and six All-Star records. He is the leading point-scorer in NHL history and the only NHL player to total over 200 points in one season – a feat he accomplished four times. In addition, he tallied over 100 points in 16 professional seasons, 14 of them consecutive. He played for four teams during his NHL career: the [[Edmonton Oilers]], the [[Los Angeles Kings]], the [[St. Louis Blues]], and the New York Rangers.
*American cyclist [[Lance Armstrong]] won his first [[Tour de France]] in 1999, less than two years after battling [[testicular cancer]]. Armstrong would later become embattled in a major [[Lance Armstrong doping case|doping investigation]], stripping him of this and all of his major cycling titles. 
*In [[professional wrestling]], as the popularity brought on by the [[1980s professional wrestling boom|1980s boom period]] slowly declined in the former half of the 1990s, the [[WWE|WWF]] continued its "[[History of WWE#Golden Era (1980–1993)|Golden Era]]" until 1993, led by such stars as [[Hulk Hogan]], [[The Ultimate Warrior]], and [[The Undertaker]] (who would go on to have an [[The Streak (wrestling)|undefeated streak at WrestleMania]] that continued until [[WrestleMania XXX]] in April 2014). Afterwards, a second boom period from the middle of the decade was initiated due to the [[Monday Night Wars|Monday Night War]] between the WWF and [[WCW]] to later spawn the WWF's [[Attitude Era]], home to some of the biggest names in wrestling history such as [[Stone Cold Steve Austin]], [[Dwayne Johnson|The Rock]], and [[Triple H]]. Meanwhile, the highly popular [[New World Order (professional wrestling)|nWo]] stable, along with [[Sting (wrestler)|Sting]] and [[Bill Goldberg|Goldberg]], brought WCW major success.
*The [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] won an unprecedented [[treble (association football)|treble]] of the [[Premier League]], [[FA Cup]] and [[1999 UEFA Champions League Final|Champions League]] after defeating [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] 2–1 in May 1999.
*The United States hosted the 15th staging of the [[1994 FIFA World Cup]]. It holds the record for the largest attendance per game during the World Cup finals (even after the tournament's expansion to 32 teams and 64 matches). Additionally, this led to the creation of the [[Major League Soccer|MLS]].
*In motor racing, triple [[Formula One]] World Champion [[Ayrton Senna]] is fatally injured in a crash at [[1994 San Marino Grand Prix|San Marino]] in 1994. [[Michael Schumacher]] enters into the sport – winning his first two championships in [[1994 Formula One season|1994]] and [[1995 Formula One season|1995]]. [[Dale Earnhardt]] wins the [[1998 Daytona 500]] and the [[NASCAR]] [[Sprint Cup Series|Winston Cup]] championship in 1990, 1991, 1993, and 1994. [[American Championship car racing|Indy Car racing]] delves into an organizational [[1996 Indianapolis 500#IRL/CART split|"Split"]].
*In the [[National Football League|NFL]], the [[San Francisco 49ers]] and the [[Washington Redskins]] showed promise of continuing their '80s glory by each team winning another Super Bowl at the beginning of the decade. However, it was the [[Dallas Cowboys]] who made a gradual return to dynasty status, winning three Super Bowls ([[Super Bowl XXVII|1992]], [[Super Bowl XXVIII|1993]] and [[Super Bowl XXX|1995]]) in four years after a 14-year NFL championship drought. The [[Denver Broncos]] also won their first two Super Bowls after having lost four, winning consecutive championships of the [[Super Bowl XXXII|1997]] and [[Super Bowl XXXIII|1998]] seasons. 
*[[Florida State Seminoles football|Florida State]], 1987–2000 – At the height of [[Bobby Bowden]]'s dominance, the Florida State Seminoles went 152–19–1, won nine [[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]] championships (1992–2000), two national championships (1993 and 1999), played for three more national championships (1996, 1998, and 2000), were ranked #1 in the preseason AP poll five times (1988, 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1999), never lost the #1 AP ranking during 1999, produced 20 1st round NFL draft picks (including the 1997 offensive and defensive rookies of the year), won at least ten games every year, and never finished a season ranked lower than fourth in the AP poll. Quarterbacks [[Charlie Ward]] and [[Chris Weinke]] won [[Heisman Trophy|Heisman Trophies]].<ref name="College Football's 12 Greatest Dynasties">{{cite magazine |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/multimedia/photo_gallery/2005/12/25/gallery.dynasty/content.7.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051228042510/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/multimedia/photo_gallery/2005/12/25/gallery.dynasty/content.7.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 December 2005|title=College Football's 12 Greatest Dynasties |magazine=Sports Illustrated |date=2005-12-25 |quote=At the height of Bobby Bowden's dominance, the Florida State Seminoles won two national championships (1993 and 1999), played for three others (1996, 1998 and 2000) and never finished outside the AP top four. Quarterbacks Charlie Ward and Chris Weinke won Heisman Trophies. | access-date=2010-05-01}}</ref>
*The [[Nebraska Cornhuskers]] led by head coach [[Tom Osborne]] won three national championships in college football in four years (1994, 1995, 1997)
*Led by head coach [[Jim Tressel]], The [[Youngstown State Penguins]] claimed to be the "team of the '90s" by winning four national championships (1991, 1993, 1994, 1997) in division I-AA college football<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ysusports.com/fan_zone/traditions/football_traditions|title=Football Traditions}}</ref>
*The [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] (1993) and [[Pride Fighting Championship]] (1997) debut and evolve into the modern sport of [[Mixed Martial Arts]].
*[[Major League Baseball]] added four teams, [[Miami Marlins]] (as Florida Marlins), [[Colorado Rockies]], [[Tampa Bay Rays]] (as Tampa Bay Devil Rays), and the [[Arizona Diamondbacks]], and moved one ([[Milwaukee Brewers]]) into the National League. The Florida Marlins would win the World Series in [[1997 World Series|1997]] and [[2003 World Series|2003]]; the Arizona Diamondbacks would win the World Series in [[2001 World Series|2001]], becoming the fastest expansion team to win a major championship for any major sport; the Colorado Rockies and Tampa Bay Rays would appear in the World Series in [[2007 World Series|2007]] and [[2008 World Series|2008]] respectively.
*In 1998, Canada wins gold medals for the first time in [[Ultimate (sport)|Disc ultimate]] at the [[World Flying Disc Federation#WFDF World Ultimate Championship|WFDF World Ultimate Championship]] in Open, Mixed, and Masters.
*In the 1996 Summer Olympics, the [[Magnificent Seven (gymnastics)|Women's Gymnastics team]] won the first team gold medal for the US in Olympic Gymnastics history.
*In 1997, eight Australian Rugby League Premiership clubs defect to the [[News Corporation]]-backed [[Super League (Australia)|Super League]], before a resolution sees the two parties form the [[National Rugby League]] in 1998. The British competition is bought out by [[News Corporation]], and renamed [[Super League]], which it is still currently named (although it was sold by News Corporation).

===Literature===
*Leading talk show host [[Oprah Winfrey]] became an important book influencer in 1996 when she launched the highly successful [[Oprah's Book Club]]. 
*The hugely successful ''[[Harry Potter]]'' series by [[J. K. Rowling]] was introduced in 1997. The series, with seven main novels, would go on to become the [[List of best-selling books|best-selling book]] series in world history and adapted into a [[Harry Potter (film series)|film series]] in 2001.
*[[John Grisham]] was the bestselling author in the United States in the 1990s, with over 60 million copies sold of novels such as ''[[The Pelican Brief]]'', [[The Client (novel)|''The Client'']], and [[The Firm (novel)|''The Firm'']].<ref name = "bestseller">{{cite news| url=http://edition.cnn.com/1999/books/news/12/31/1990.sellers/| work=CNN|title= Grisham ranks as top-selling author of decade|date=31 December 1999|access-date=8 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030220172348/http://edition.cnn.com/1999/books/news/12/31/1990.sellers/|archive-date=20 February 2003}}</ref>
*Other successful authors of the 1990s include [[Stephen King]], [[Natsuo Kirino]], [[Danielle Steel]], [[Michael Crichton]], [[James Redfield]], [[Haruki Murakami]], [[Keigo Higashino]] and [[Tom Clancy]].<ref name = "bestseller"/>
*''[[Goosebumps]]'' by [[R. L. Stine]], the second highest-grossing book series in the world, was introduced in 1992 and remained a dominant player in children's literature throughout and after the decade. A [[Goosebumps (1995 TV series)|television series]] released on [[Fox Kids]] alongside a [[Goosebumps (film)|film version]] that released in 2015.
*The decline of diverse study options in university humanities schools due to [[economic rationalism]], leading to a boom in [[purple prose]] heavily influenced by 20th century European [[social theory]] and [[cultural studies]]. In 1996 in what is known as the [[Sokal affair]], a mathematician pranked a cultural studies by tricking them into publishing his nonsensical essay "Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity" on the basis that the journal wasn't peer-reviewed and would publish anything that seemed fashionably left-wing. In 1996 the [[Postmodernism Generator]] used a [[recursive transition network]] to imitate the postmodernist style of humanities writing. 
*1990s saw the rise of independent literature and notable [[self-help book]]s, included ''[[Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus]]'' by [[John Gray (American author)|John Gray]] and ''[[Who Moved My Cheese?]]'' by [[Spencer Johnson (writer)|Spencer Johnson]].
*[[Making Monsters: False Memories, Psychotherapy, and Sexual Hysteria]] (1994)  by Richard Ofshe and Ethan Watters was critical of the [[repressed memory]] therapy that was gaining some traction in [[psychotherapy]].