Editing 1970s (section)

===Music===
{{Main|1970s in music}}
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| footer            = [[James Taylor]] (left) and [[Joni Mitchell]] (right) were two of the most influential and successful contemporary [[folk music|folk]] musicians of the decade, along with artists like [[Cat Stevens]], [[John Denver]], [[Gordon Lightfoot]], [[Neil Young]] and others.
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During the early 1970s, popular music continued to be dominated by musicians who had achieved fame during the 1950s and the 1960s such as the [[Rolling Stones]], [[The Who]], [[Elvis Presley]], [[Johnny Cash]], [[Loretta Lynn]], [[Conway Twitty]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[The Grateful Dead]], and [[Eric Clapton]]. In addition, many newcomer rock groups such as [[Black Sabbath]] and [[Led Zeppelin]] appeared. [[The Beatles]] disbanded in 1970, but each member of the band immediately released a highly successful solo album, and [[Paul McCartney]] especially would remain extremely popular throughout the decade. Singer-songwriters such as [[Elton John]], [[James Taylor]] and [[Jackson Browne]] also came into vogue during the early 1970s.

The 1970s saw the rapid commercialization of rock music, and by mid-decade there were a spate of bands derisively dubbed "corporate rock" due to the notion that they had been created by record labels to produce simplistic, radio-friendly songs that offered clichés rather than meaningful lyrics. Such bands included [[The Doobie Brothers]], [[Bread (band)|Bread]], [[Styx (band)|Styx]], [[Kansas (band)|Kansas]], and [[REO Speedwagon]].

[[Funk]], an offshoot of [[soul music]] with a greater emphasis on beats, and influences from [[rhythm and blues]], [[jazz]], and [[psychedelic rock]], was also very popular. The mid-1970s also saw the rise of [[disco]] music, which dominated during the last half of the decade with bands like the [[Bee Gees]], [[Chic (band)|Chic]], [[ABBA]], [[Village People]], [[Boney M]], [[Donna Summer]], [[KC and the Sunshine Band]], and others. In response to this, rock music became increasingly hard-edged, with early metal artists like [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[Black Sabbath]], and [[Deep Purple]]. [[Minimalism]] also emerged, led by composers such as [[Philip Glass]], [[Steve Reich]] and [[Michael Nyman]]. This was a break from the intellectual serial music in the tradition of [[Arnold Schoenberg|Schoenberg]], which lasted from the early 1900s to the 1960s.

The 1970s also saw artists from [[Motown|Motown records]] become popular across the globe. Artists like the [[The Jackson 5|Jackson 5]], [[Stevie Wonder]] and [[Marvin Gaye]] dominated the record charts across the world and had a significant influence on pop culture, including breaking down racial barriers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Haider |first=Arwa |date=9 January 2019 |title=Motown: The music that changed America |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20190109-motown-the-music-that-changed-america |access-date=2021-04-09 |work=www.bbc.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Jimmy Page with Robert Plant 2 - Led Zeppelin - 1977.jpg|240px|thumb|right|British rock band [[Led Zeppelin]] was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]].]]

Classical and experimental music influenced both [[art rock]] and [[progressive rock]] genres with bands such as [[Pink Floyd]], [[Yes (band)|Yes]], [[Todd Rundgren's Utopia]], [[Supertramp]], [[Rush (band)|Rush]], [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]], [[King Crimson]], [[Emerson, Lake & Palmer]], [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]], [[The Moody Blues]] and [[Soft Machine]]. [[Hard rock]] and [[Heavy metal music|Heavy metal]] also emerged among British bands [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Queen (band)|Queen]], [[The Who]], [[Black Sabbath]], [[UFO (band)|UFO]], [[Deep Purple]], [[Uriah Heep (band)|Uriah Heep]], and [[Judas Priest]].
Australian band [[AC/DC]] also found its hard-rock origins in the early 1970s and its breakthrough in 1979's ''[[Highway to Hell]]'', while popular American rock bands included [[Aerosmith]], [[Lynyrd Skynyrd]] and [[shock rock]]ers [[Alice Cooper (band)|Alice Cooper]], [[Blue Öyster Cult]], and [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]], and guitar-oriented [[Ted Nugent]] and [[Van Halen]]. In Europe, there was a surge of popularity in the early decade for [[glam rock]].

After a successful return to live performing in the late 60s with his [[Elvis (1968 TV program)|TV special]], [[Elvis Presley]] regained his popularity through [[Las Vegas|Vegas]] performance engagements and concert tours throughout the United States until his death in 1977, which helped him acquire a new generation of fans. His 1973 televised concert, ''[[Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite]]'', aired in over 40 countries in Europe and Asia, as well as the United States, making it one of the most popular concert events of the decade.

The second half of the decade saw the rise of [[punk rock]], when a spate of fresh, young rock groups playing stripped-down hard rock came to prominence at a time when most of the artists associated with the 1960s to early 1970s were in creative decline. Punk bands included [[The Sex Pistols]], [[The Clash]], [[The Ramones]], [[Talking Heads]], and more.

[[File:DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg|240px|thumb|left|[[Pink Floyd]] performing ''[[The Dark Side of the Moon]]'' in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time.]]

The highest-selling album of the decade was [[Pink Floyd]]'s ''[[The Dark Side of the Moon]]'' (1973), along with [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]]' ''[[Hotel California (Eagles album)|Hotel California]]'' (1976) and [[Fleetwood Mac]]'s ''[[Rumours (album)|Rumours]]'' (1977). ''Dark Side of the Moon'' remained on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] albums chart for 741 weeks. Electronic instrumental progressive rock was particularly significant in continental Europe, allowing bands like [[Kraftwerk]], [[Tangerine Dream]], [[Can (band)|Can]], and [[Faust (band)|Faust]] to circumvent the language barrier. Their synthesiser-heavy "[[krautrock]]", along with the work of [[Brian Eno]] (for a time the keyboard player with [[Roxy Music]]), would be a major influence on subsequent [[synthrock]].<ref name="Bogdanov2002Prog">Unterberger, 2002, pp. 1330–1.</ref> The mid-1970s saw the rise of [[electronic art music]] musicians such as [[Jean-Michel Jarre]], [[Vangelis]], and [[Isao Tomita|Tomita]], who with Brian Eno were a significant influence of the development of [[new-age music]]. Japanese band [[Yellow Magic Orchestra]] helped to pioneer synthpop, with their [[Yellow Magic Orchestra (album)|self-titled album]] (in [[1978 in music|1978]]) setting a template with less minimalism and with a strong emphasis on melody, and drawing from a wider range of influences than had been employed by [[Kraftwerk]]. [[Yellow Magic Orchestra|YMO]] also introduced the microprocessor-based [[Roland MC-8 Microcomposer|Roland MC-8]] sequencer and [[TR-808]] rhythm machine to popular music.

In the first half of the 1970s, many jazz musicians from the [[Miles Davis]] school achieved cross-over success through [[jazz fusion|jazz-rock fusion]] with bands like [[Weather Report]], [[Return to Forever]], [[The Headhunters]] and [[The Mahavishnu Orchestra]] who also influenced this genre and many others. In Germany, [[Manfred Eicher]] started the [[ECM (record label)|ECM]] label, which quickly made a name for "chamber jazz". Towards the end of the decade, Jamaican [[reggae]] music, already popular in the Caribbean and Africa since the early 1970s, became very popular in the U.S. and in Europe, mostly because of reggae superstar and legend [[Bob Marley]]. The mid-1970s saw the reemergence of acoustic jazz with the return of artists like [[Dexter Gordon]] to the US music scene, who, along with a number of other artists, such as trumpet innovators like [[Don Ellis]] and [[Woody Shaw]], who were among the last of the decade's traditionally-oriented acoustic jazz musicians to be signed to major record labels, to receive critical and widespread commercial recognition and multiple Grammy nominations.

[[File:QueenPerforming1977.jpg|thumb|British rock band [[Queen (band)|Queen]] (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]] and others]]

The late 1970s also saw the beginning of [[hip hop music]] with disc jockeys like [[DJ Kool Herc]] and [[Afrika Bambaataa]] taking loops from funk and soul records and playing them repeatedly at block parties and dance clubs. At the end of the 1970s, popular songs like "[[Rapper's Delight]]" by [[Sugarhill Gang]] gave hip hop a wider audience. Hip hop was also influenced by the song "[[The Revolution Will Not Be Televised]]" by [[Gil Scott-Heron]].

[[Country music]] also continued to increase in popularity in the 1970s. Between 1977 and 1979, it became more mainstream, particularly with the [[outlaw country|outlaw movement]], led by [[Waylon Jennings]] and [[Willie Nelson]]. The 70s also saw the rise of a country music subgenre, [[southern rock]], led by the [[Allman Brothers Band]]. Other artists; such as [[Conway Twitty]], [[Loretta Lynn]], [[Don Williams]], [[Kenny Rogers]], [[Dolly Parton]], [[Ronnie Milsap]], [[Crystal Gayle]], and [[Barbara Mandrell]]; all scored hits throughout the 70s which reached both country and pop charts. The genre also saw its golden age of vocal [[duet|duo]]s and [[vocal group|group]]s in this decade; with [[Conway Twitty]] and [[Loretta Lynn]], [[George Jones]] and [[Tammy Wynette]], [[Jim Ed Brown]] and [[Helen Cornelius]], the [[Bellamy Brothers]], the [[Oak Ridge Boys]], the [[Statler Brothers]], [[Dave & Sugar]], and [[The Kendalls]]. The genre also became more involved in [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] toward the end of the decade, with country-themed action films such as ''[[Smokey and the Bandit]]'' and ''[[Every Which Way But Loose (film)|Every Which Way But Loose]]'', a trend that continued into the early 80s with ''[[Urban Cowboy]]'' and ''[[Bronco Billy]]''.

A major event in music in the early 1970s was the deaths of popular rock stars [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[Janis Joplin]], and [[Jim Morrison]], all at the age of 27.  Two of popular music's most successful artists from other eras died within eight weeks of each other in 1977. [[Elvis Presley]], the best-selling singer of all time, died on August 16, 1977.<ref>{{cite magazine| url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,337778,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020820102101/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,337778,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=August 20, 2002 |magazine=Time |first=Jessica |last=Reaves |title=Person of the Week: Elvis Presley |date=August 15, 2002}}</ref> Presley's funeral was held at [[Graceland]], on Thursday, August 18, 1977. [[Bing Crosby]], who sold about 50 million records, died on October 14, 1977. His single, [[White Christmas (song)|White Christmas]], remains the best-selling single of all time, confirmed by the [[Guinness Records]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://img299.imageshack.us/img299/3315/guinness2007.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-10-05 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319072130/http://img299.imageshack.us/img299/3315/guinness2007.pdf |archive-date=2015-03-19 }}</ref>

In addition to the deaths in the 1970s, breakups of bands and duos; such as [[the Beatles]], [[Simon and Garfunkel]], [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]], [[the Everly Brothers]], and others; occurred over the course of the decade.

Statistically, Led Zeppelin and Elton John were the most successful musical acts of the 1970s, both having sold more than 300 million records since 1969.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Music/12/09/led.zep/index.html|title=Can Led Zeppelin still rock?|last=Sorel-Cameron|first=Peter|date=2007-12-09|publisher=CNN|access-date=2010-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/b83bc61f-8451-4a5d-8b8e-7e9ed295e822 |title=Elton John |work=[[BBC.co.uk]] |access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref>

During the 1970s, Japan had the second largest music market in the world.<ref>Billboard. 19 December 1970, pp 12 & [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mSkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52#v=onepage&q&f=false 52]. 22 December 1979, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CSQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT15#v=onepage&q&f=false p 14].</ref> [[J-pop#1970s: Development of "new music"|Popular music]] included [[Kayōkyoku#1970s–1980s: Idol kayō era|kayōkyoku]], [[Japanese idol#1960–1980: Post-war era and idol beginnings|idols]], [[New music (Japanese genre)|new music]], [[Japanese rock#1970s to 1980s: Diversification|rock]] and [[Enka#1960s–1970s: Commercial success|enka]]. Musical artists and bands included [[Momoe Yamaguchi]], [[Saori Minami]], the [[Candies (group)|Candies]], [[Pink Lady (duo)|Pink Lady]], [[Hiromi Go]], [[Hideki Saijo]], [[Yumi Matsutoya|Yuming]], [[Saki Kubota]], [[Judy Ongg]] and [[Sachiko Kobayashi]].
[[File:Adios Sui Generis.png|thumb|Public at the farewell concert of [[Sui Generis]] (1975)]]
[[Argentine rock]] became the most popular musical genre in [[Argentina]] among youngsters, and became famous throughout [[Latin America]]. Legendary argentine rockstar [[Charly García]] formed his first band, [[Sui Generis]] ([[Folk rock|Folk Rock]]), which released Argentine rock staples such as [[:es:Rasguña_las_piedras|''Rasguña las piedras'' (''Scratch the Stones'')]] and [[:es:Canción_para_mi_muerte|''Canción para mi muerte'' (''Song for My Death'')]]. In 1978, Charly García formed the first Latin American [[Supergroup (music)|supergroup]] [[Serú Girán]] ([[Progressive rock|Progressive Rock]]), which released some of the greatest rock anthems in Latin America, such as ''[[:es:Nena_(Eiti_Leda)|Eiti Leda]]'' and ''[[:es:Seminare|Seminare]].''
[[File:Pescado Rabioso-Spinetta - Artaud.png|thumb|[[Pescado Rabioso]]'s ''[[Artaud (album)|Artaud]]'s'' album cover (1973)]]
[[Luis Alberto Spinetta]] achieved national acclaim with [[Almendra (band)|Almendra]], perhaps the first successful progressive rock band in Latin America, their greatest hit was ''[[:es:Muchacha_(Ojos_de_papel)|Muchacha (Ojos de papel)]].'' Later in 1973, Pescado Rabioso (Spinetta's second band) launched ''[[Artaud (album)|Artaud]],'' for many the magnus opus of Argentine rock.

Other relevant argentine musicians and bands of the 1970s are [[Vox Dei (band)|Vox Dei]], [[Pappo]], [[Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota]].